View source for Friant-class cruiser

{{Use shortened footnotes|date=December 2022}}
{{Short description|Protected cruiser class of the French Navy}}
{{good article}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
|Ship image=French cruiser Friant NH 74864.jpg
|Ship caption=''Friant'' in port, date unknown
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
|Name=''Friant'' class
|Builders=
*[[Arsenal de Brest]]
*[[Arsenal de Cherbourg]]
|Operators={{navy|France}}
|Class before={{ship|French cruiser|Alger||2}}
|Class after={{sclass|Linois|cruiser|4}}
|Built range=1891–1896
|In commission range=1895–1920
|Total ships completed=3
|Total ships retired=3
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
|Hide header=
|Header caption=
|Ship class=
|Ship type=[[Protected cruiser]]
|Ship displacement={{cvt|3771|t|lk=on}}
|Ship length={{cvt|97.5|m|ftin}} [[long overall|loa]]
|Ship beam={{cvt|13.24|m|ftin}}
|Ship draft={{cvt|5.84|m|ftin}}
|Ship power=
*20–24 × [[water-tube boiler]]s
*{{convert|9000|ihp|lk=on}}
|Ship propulsion=
*2 × [[triple-expansion steam engine]]s
*2 × [[screw propeller]]s
|Ship speed={{convert|18.5|kn|lk=in}}
|Ship range={{cvt|6000|nmi|lk=in}} at {{cvt|10|kn}}
|Ship complement=331
|Ship armament=
* 6 × [[Canon de 164 mm Modèle 1893|{{cvt|164|mm|adj=on|1|sp=us}}]] guns
* 4 × [[Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891|{{cvt|100|mm}} guns]]
* 4 × [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|{{cvt|47|mm}} guns]]
* 11 × [[QF 1-pounder pom-pom|{{cvt|37|mm}} guns]]
* 2 × {{cvt|350|mm|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s
|Ship armor=
* [[deck (ship)|Deck]]: {{cvt|30|to|80|mm}}
* [[Conning tower]]: {{cvt|75|mm|0}}
*[[Gun shield]]s: {{cvt|50|mm|0}}
|Ship notes=
}}
|}

The '''''Friant'' class''' comprised three [[protected cruiser]]s of the [[French Navy]] built in the early 1890s; the three ships were {{ship|French cruiser|Friant||2}}, {{ship|French cruiser|Bugeaud||2}}, and {{ship|French cruiser|Chasseloup-Laubat||2}}. They were ordered as part of a naval construction program directed at France's rivals, Italy and Germany, particularly after Italy made progress in modernizing its own fleet. The plan was also intended to remedy a deficiency in [[cruiser]]s that had been revealed during training exercises in the 1880s. As such, the ''Friant''-class cruisers were intended to operate as fleet scouts and in the [[French colonial empire]]. The ships were armed with a [[main battery]] of six {{cvt|164|mm}} guns supported by four {{cvt|100|mm}} guns and they had a top speed of {{convert|18.7|kn|lk=in}}.

''Friant'' and ''Chasseloup-Laubaut'' initially served with the Northern Squadron, while ''Bugeaud'' operated in the cruiser force of the [[Mediterranean Squadron (France)|Mediterranean Squadron]], France's main battle fleet. ''Bugeaud'' became the [[flagship]] of the Levant Division in 1898, which operated as part of the [[International Squadron (Cretan intervention, 1897–1898)|International Squadron]] that intervened in the [[Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)|Cretan Revolt]] of 1897–1898. All three members of the class were sent to East Asia in response to the [[Boxer Uprising]] in [[Qing China]] by 1901, and they remained in the region through the mid-1900s. ''Bugeaud'' was badly worn out by her time in the [[Far East]], and she was sold for scrap in 1907. That year, ''Chasseloup-Laubat'' visited the United States during the [[Jamestown Exposition]].

''Chasseloup-Laubat'' was reduced to a storage [[hulk (ship)|hulk]] in 1911, but ''Friant'' remained in active service through the start of [[World War I]] in August 1914. She operated with cruiser squadrons patrolling for German commerce raiders early in the war and was later sent to patrol the formerly-German colony of [[Kamerun]]. ''Chasseloup-Laubat'' was converted into a [[distilling ship]] to support the main French fleet at [[Corfu]] while ''Friant'' ended the war having been rebuilt into a [[repair ship]]. The latter vessel was sold for [[scrap]] in 1920, while ''Chasseloup-Laubat'' ultimately foundered in 1926 after having been abandoned in the [[Dakhlet Nouadhibou|bay of Nouadhibou]], [[French Mauritania]].

==Background==
[[File:'Italia,' first class ironclad of the Italian Navy LCCN2003672917 cropped.jpg|thumb|left|The fast Italian [[ironclad warship|ironclad]] {{ship|Italian ironclad|Italia||2}}, the threat of which prompted the French naval program of 1890]]

In the late 1880s, the Italian {{lang|it|[[Regia Marina]]}} (Royal Navy) accelerated construction of ships for its fleet and reorganized the most modern [[ironclad warship|ironclad battleships]]—the {{sclass|Duilio|ironclad|5}} and {{sclass|Italia|ironclad|4}}es—into a fast squadron suitable for offensive operations. These developments provoked a strong response in the French press. The Budget Committee in the French [[Chamber of Deputies (France)|Chamber of Deputies]] began to press for a "two-power standard" in 1888, which would see the French fleet enlarged to equal the combined Italian and German fleets, then France's two main rivals on the continent. This initially came to nothing, as the supporters of the {{lang|fr|[[Jeune École]]}} doctrine called for a fleet largely based on [[squadron (naval)|squadrons]] of [[torpedo boat]]s to defend the French coasts rather than an expensive fleet of ironclads. This view had significant support in the Chamber of Deputies.{{sfn|Ropp|p=195}}

The next year, a war scare with Italy led to further demands to strengthen the fleet. The visit of a German squadron of four ironclads to Italy compounded French concerns about a combined Italo-German fleet that would dramatically outnumber their own. Training exercises held in France that year demonstrated that the slower French fleet would be unable to prevent the faster Italian squadron from bombarding the French coast at will, in part because it lacked enough [[cruiser]]s (and doctrine to use them) to scout for the enemy ships.{{sfn|Ropp|pp=195–197}}

To correct the weaknesses of the French fleet, on 22 November 1890, the [[Conseil supérieur de la Marine|Superior Naval Council]] authorized a new construction program directed not at simple parity with the Italian and German fleets, but numerical superiority. In addition to twenty-four new battleships, a total of seventy cruisers were to be built for use in home waters and overseas in the [[French colonial empire]]. The ''Friant'' class were the first group of [[protected cruiser]]s to be authorized under the program.{{sfn|Ropp|pp=195–197}}{{sfn|Campbell|pp=310–311}}

==Design==
[[File:French cruiser Davout NH 88802.jpg|thumb|left|''Davout'', the basis for the ''Friant'' design]]

On 28 March 1890, the French [[List of naval ministers of France|naval minister]], [[Édouard Barbey]], requested a new design for an improved version of the cruiser {{ship|French cruiser|Davout||2}} from [[Delphin Albert Lhomme]], the supervisor of construction at [[Toulon]]. The new ship was to be larger, which would permit several improvements over the earlier ship, including a longer cruising radius, more powerful armament, and improved armor protection. Barbey specified the new ship was to be able to cruise for {{convert|6000|nmi|lk=in}} at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}} under normal conditions, the armament was to consist of a [[main battery]] of six {{cvt|164.7|mm}} guns, and [[water-tube boiler]]s were to be used instead of the [[fire-tube boiler]]s used in earlier French cruisers. The ship would have a minimum speed of {{convert|18|kn}} under normal conditions and {{convert|18.5|to|19|kn}} using [[forced draft]]. He set the [[displacement (ship)|displacement]] at around {{cvt|3600|t|lk=on}}. To these specifications, Lhomme added a [[secondary armament|secondary battery]] of four {{cvt|100|mm}} guns.{{sfn|Roberts|p=240}}

On 21 August, Lhomme submitted his proposal, which Barbey forwarded to the {{lang|fr|[[Conseil des travaux|Conseil des Travaux]]}} (Council of Works) six days later for review. During a meeting on 28 October, the {{lang|fr|Conseil}} approved the design, but significant revisions were to follow as work on the vessels began. Already on 17 November, Barbey ordered that the originally planned M1881/84 pattern of 164.7&nbsp;mm gun was to be replaced with the newly designed M1891 pattern, which had a longer barrel and were fitted with [[gun shield]]s. These improvements made the guns heavier, which in turn necessitated alterations to the [[superstructure]] to reduce topweight. As the ships neared completion, the naval minister, [[Auguste Alfred Lefèvre]], made the decision on 12 March 1894 to cut down the originally intended [[military mast]]s and replace the upper portion with lighter pole masts. The [[fighting top]] was to be retained, but it was determined that it would have to be removed to improve stability, which [[Gustave Besnard]], by then the naval minister, ordered on 16 February 1895. The military masts were removed altogether, and {{cvt|66|t}} of [[ballast]] was added to the ships. He also instructed the shipyards to delete the originally planned [[torpedo tube]]s from the [[stern]] and [[broadside (naval)|broadside]] positions, leaving only a pair of tubes in the [[bow (ship)|bow]].{{sfn|Roberts|pp=240–241}}

The first two ships, {{ship|French cruiser|Friant||2}} and {{ship|French cruiser|Chasseloup-Laubat||2}}, were ordered in late 1890, and the third, {{ship|French cruiser|Bugeaud||2}}, was ordered in early 1891. They were fitted with three different types of water-tube boilers to compare their performance in service. They all proved to be somewhat of a disappointment, as all three could not match ''Davout'' in speed despite having greater [[horsepower]]. This was primarily the result of poor combustion in the boilers, particularly the [[Niclausse boiler]]s installed aboard ''Friant''. The ships' [[hull (ship)|hull]] form, while inspired by ''Davout''{{'}}s, had poor lines at the bow that caused the ships to [[trim (ship)|trim]] down by around {{cvt|30|cm}} when cruising at high speeds. Additionally, weights in the ships were poorly distributed along their length, which contributed to poor handling.{{sfn|Roberts|pp=240–242}}

===General characteristics and machinery===
[[File:Chasseloup-Laubat profile and plan drawing.jpg|thumb|Plan and profile drawing of the ''Friant'' class|alt=Simple sketch of a ship with a bulbous bow, two large masts, three smoke stacks, and four elliptical sponsons projecting from the sides of the vessel to carry the guns.]]

The ships of the ''Friant'' class were {{cvt|94|m|ftin}} [[long between perpendiculars]], {{cvt|97.05|m|ftin}} [[long at the waterline]], and {{cvt|97.5|m|ftin}} [[long overall]]. They had a [[beam (nautical)|beam]] of {{cvt|13.24|m|ftin}} and an average [[draft (hull)|draft]] of {{cvt|5.84|m|ftin}}, which increased to {{cvt|6.41|m}} aft. They displaced {{cvt|3771|t}} as designed. The ships' hulls featured a pronounced [[naval ram|ram bow]] (that was not reinforced for use in ramming attacks) and a [[tumblehome]] shape,{{sfn|Roberts|p=241}} which were common characteristics of major French warships of the period. They had a [[forecastle deck]] that extended for almost the entire length of the ship, terminating with a short [[quarterdeck]] aft and a sloped stern. Their superstructure consisted of a main [[conning tower]] with a [[bridge (nautical)|bridge]] forward and a smaller, secondary conning tower aft. Each ship was originally to be fitted with a pair of heavy military masts with fighting tops, but stability problems with ''Friant'' forced them to be replaced with lighter pole masts carrying only observation positions. Steering was controlled by a single [[rudder]].{{sfn|Campbell|p=311}}{{sfn|Brassey 1895|p=23}} ''Chasseloup-Laubat'' was fitted with [[bilge keel]]s to improve her stability.{{sfn|Weyl|p=28}} Their crew consisted of 331 to 339&nbsp;officers and enlisted men.{{sfn|Roberts|p=241}}{{sfn|Campbell|p=311}}

The ships' propulsion system consisted of a pair of 3-cylinder, [[triple-expansion steam engine]]s driving two [[screw propeller]]s. Steam was provided by twenty coal-burning water-tube boilers of the Niclausse type for ''Friant'' and the Lagrafel d'Allest type for ''Chasseloup-Laubat'', while ''Bugeaud'' received twenty-four [[Belleville boiler]]s. All of the ships' [[fire room|boiler rooms]] were ducted into three [[funnel (ship)|funnels]]. Their machinery was rated to produce {{convert|9000|ihp|lk=on}} for a top speed of {{convert|18.5|kn|lk=in}}. During [[sea trials]], all three ships exceeded these figures, reaching between {{convert|18.77|and|18.95|kn}} from {{cvt|9623|to|9811|ihp}}.{{sfn|Roberts|p=241}} Coal storage amounted to {{cvt|600|t}} normally and up to {{cvt|740|t}}, which provided a cruising range of {{convert|3550|nmi}} at a speed of {{convert|10|kn}}, though ''Friant'' could steam for {{cvt|5818|nmi}} at {{convert|11|kn}}; the historian Stephen Roberts notes that this was "possibly with max coal".{{sfn|Roberts|p=241}}{{sfn|Campbell|p=311}}

===Armament and armor===
[[File:St Idelsbade (Saint-Idesbalde). Pièce de 100 de marine - Fonds Berthelé - 49Fi1270 (cropped).jpg|thumb|A {{cvt|100|mm}} Model 1891 gun in a pivot mount]]

The ships were armed with a main battery of six [[Canon de 164 mm Modèle 1893|{{cvt|164|mm|adj=on|1|sp=us}}]] 45-[[caliber (artillery)|caliber]] guns. They were placed in individual [[pivot mount]]s; one was on the [[forecastle]], two were in [[sponson]]s abreast the conning tower, another pair were in sponsons just forward of the aft conning tower, and the last was on the stern.{{sfn|Campbell|p=311}} They were supplied with a variety of shells, including solid, {{cvt|45|kg}} [[cast iron]] projectiles, and explosive [[armor-piercing shell|armor-piercing]] (AP) and semi-armor-piercing (SAP) shells that weighed {{cvt|54.2|kg}} and {{cvt|52.6|kg}}, respectively. The guns fired with a [[muzzle velocity]] of {{cvt|770|to|800|m/s}}.{{sfn|Friedman|p=221}}

The ships' offensive armament was augmented by a secondary battery of four [[Canon de 100 mm Modèle 1891|{{cvt|100|mm}} Modèle 1891 guns]], which were carried in pivot mounts in the conning towers, one on each side per tower.{{sfn|Campbell|p=311}} The guns fired {{cvt|14|kg}} cast iron and {{cvt|16|kg}} AP shells with a muzzle velocity of {{cvt|710|to|740|m/s}}.{{sfn|Friedman|p=225}} All of the primary and secondary guns were fitted with gun shields to protect their crews. The offensive weaponry was rounded out by two {{cvt|350|mm|0}} torpedo tubes that were carried in their hulls above the [[waterline]], one on either side.{{sfn|Campbell|p=311}}

For close-range defense against torpedo boats, they carried a battery of numerous small-caliber, [[quick-firing gun]]s. This comprised four [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|{{cvt|47|mm}} 3-pounder Hotchkiss guns]] and eleven [[QF 1-pounder pom-pom|{{cvt|37|mm}} 1-pounder guns]], all in individual mounts. The former were carried in pairs in the forward and aft conning towers on the upper deck; the latter were distributed around the ships, including atop the sponsons for the main guns and higher in the superstructure.{{sfn|Campbell|p=311}}

Armor protection consisted of a curved armor [[deck (ship)|deck]] that was {{cvt|30|mm}} thick on the flat, which increased to {{cvt|80|mm}} on the sloped sides, where it provided a measure of vertical protection. Above the deck at the sides, a [[cofferdam]] filled with [[cellulose]] was intended to contain flooding from damage below the waterline. Below the main deck, a thin splinter deck covered the propulsion machinery spaces to protect them from shell fragments. Their forward conning towers had {{cvt|75|mm|0}} thick plating on the sides. The gun shields were {{cvt|50|mm|0}} thick.{{sfn|Campbell|p=311}}

==Construction==
[[File:French cruiser Bugeaud NH66061.jpg|thumb|''Bugeaud'' early in her career]]

{| class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ Construction data
|-
! scope="col" | Name
! scope="col" | Laid down{{sfn|Campbell|p=311}}
! scope="col" | Launched{{sfn|Smigielski|p=193}}
! scope="col" | Completed{{sfn|Campbell|p=311}}
! scope="col" | Shipyard{{sfn|Campbell|p=311}}
|-
! scope="row" | {{ship|French cruiser|Friant||2}}
| 1891
| 17 April 1893
| April 1895
| {{lang|fr|[[Arsenal de Brest]]}}, [[Brest, France|Brest]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{ship|French cruiser|Bugeaud||2}}
| June 1891
| 29 August 1893
| May 1896
| {{lang|fr|[[Arsenal de Cherbourg]]}}, [[Cherbourg]]
|-
! scope="row" | {{ship|French cruiser|Chasseloup-Laubat||2}}
| June 1891
| 17 April 1893
| 1895
| {{lang|fr|Arsenal de Cherbourg}}, Cherbourg
|}

==Service history==
[[File:Prince George of Greece and Denmark arriving at Suda Bay cropped.JPG|thumb|left|''Bugeaud'' leading ships of the [[International Squadron (Cretan intervention, 1897–1898)|International Squadron]] to Crete in 1898]]

''Friant'' and ''Chasseloup-Laubat'' spent their first years in service assigned to the Northern Squadron, based in the [[English Channel]].{{sfn|Brassey 1896|p=62}} ''Bugeaud'' was instead assigned to the [[Mediterranean Squadron (France)|Mediterranean Squadron]], France's primary battle fleet.{{sfn|Thursfield|pp=164–167}} In both units, the ships were primarily occupied with training exercises. In 1898, ''Bugeaud'' transferred to serve as the [[flagship]] of the Levant Division in the eastern Mediterranean. During that time, she participated in the [[International Squadron (Cretan intervention, 1897–1898)|International Squadron]], composed of ships from several of the [[Concert of Europe|Great Powers]], that intervened in the [[Cretan Revolt (1897–1898)|Cretan Revolt]] of 1897–1898.{{sfn|Naval Notes: France|p=1092}}{{sfn|Clowes|pp=444–448}}

''Bugeaud'' was deployed to East Asia by early 1900 in response to the [[Boxer Uprising]],{{sfn|''Service Performed''|p=299}} and the other two members of the class had followed her there by 1901,{{sfn|Jordan & Caresse 2017|p=218}} and they remained in the region after the conflict ended.{{sfn|Brassey 1902|p=51}} After returning to France in the mid-1900s, ''Friant'' received new boilers and thereafter returned to fleet operations.{{sfn|Garbett 1907|p=1538}} Meanwhile, the poor shipyard facilities in the Far East prevented sufficient maintenance being done for ''Bugeaud'', and she was in a poor state by 1907. Unable to economically repair her, the French Navy struck the ship from the [[naval register]] and sold her for [[scrap]].{{sfn|Smigielski|p=193}}{{sfn|Brassey 1904|pp=90–91}} That year, ''Chasseloup-Laubat'' took part in a visit to the United States for the [[Jamestown Exposition]].{{sfn|Sieche|pp=150, 155, 157}} She was later [[hulk (ship)|hulked]] in 1911 and disarmed in 1913.{{sfn|Smigielski|p=193}}

At the start of [[World War I]] in August 1914, ''Friant'' was on station in France's colonies in the Americas.{{sfn|Jordan & Caresse 2019|p=219}} She was initially assigned to a cruiser squadron to patrol the western end of the English Channel.{{sfn|Meirat|p=22}} In September, she was moved to [[French Morocco]] to join a group of cruisers patrolling for German [[commerce raider]]s.{{sfn|Jordan & Caresse 2019|p=227}}{{sfn|Corbett|p=275}} At some point after the start of the conflict, ''Chasseloup-Laubat'' was converted into a [[distilling ship]] to support the main French fleet at [[Corfu]].{{sfn|Smigielski|p=193}}{{sfn|Saint-Ramond|p=60}} ''Friant'' was later moved to the [[Gulf of Guinea]] to patrol Germany's colony of [[Kamerun]] in western Africa.{{sfn|Jordan & Caresse 2019|p=227}} She ended the war having been converted into a [[repair ship]] based in Morocco and later at [[Mudros]] to support a [[flotilla]] of [[submarine]]s. She was struck from the naval register in 1920 and sold to [[ship breaker]]s.{{sfn|Smigielski|p=193}} ''Chasseloup-Laubat'' was sent to [[Nouadhibou|Port Etienne]], [[French Mauritania]], to supply the colony with water and eventually sank in 1926 in the [[Dakhlet Nouadhibou|bay of Nouadhibou]] after having been abandoned.{{sfn|Pavé|pp=17–18}}

==Notes==
{{reflist|20em}}

==References==
{{Commons category|Friant class cruisers}}

* {{cite journal
  |last=Brassey
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  |author-link=Thomas Brassey, 2nd Earl Brassey
  |title=Ships Building In France
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  }}
* {{cite journal
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  |oclc=496786828
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  |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0o9IAQAAMAAJ
  }}
* {{cite journal
  |last=Brassey
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  |title=Chapter III: Relative Strength
  |journal=The Naval Annual
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  |oclc=496786828
  |ref={{SfnRef|Brassey 1902}}
  |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=089HAQAAMAAJ
  }}
* {{cite journal
  |last=Brassey
  |first=Thomas A.
  |title=Chapter IV: Comparative Strength
  |journal=The Naval Annual
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  |pages=86–107
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  }}
* {{cite book
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* {{cite book
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* {{cite book 
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* {{cite book
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* {{cite journal
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  |oclc=1077860366
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  }}
* {{cite book
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* {{cite book
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* {{cite journal
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  |volume=III
  |issue=3
  |pages=20–23
  |oclc=41554533
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  }}
* {{cite journal
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  |date=September 1898
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  |oclc=1077860366
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  }}
* {{cite book
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  |url=http://intranet.isra.sn/aurifere/opac_css/docnum/OC0000092.pdf
  |title=Documents figurant dans les archives de l'Afrique Occidentale française (série Affaires agricoles, sous-série Pêche).: Tableaux thematiques des dossiers 1 à 16
  |publisher=Centre de recherches océanographiques de Dakar-Thiaroye
  |year=1997
  |oclc=61349656
  |series=série Affaires agricoles, sous-série Pêche
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* {{cite book
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  }}
* {{cite book
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  | title = The Development of a Modern Navy: French Naval Policy, 1871–1904
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* {{Cite book
  |last=Saint-Ramond
  |first=Francine
  |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2ZuUDwAAQBAJ&q=Chasseloup%20Laubat%20croiseur%20distillateur&pg=PT61
  |title=Les Désorientés: Expériences des soldats français aux Dardanelles et en Macédoine, 1915-1918
  |date=2019
  |publisher=Presses de l’Inalco
  |isbn=978-2-85831-299-3
  |language=fr
  |ref={{SfnRef|Saint-Ramond}}
  }}
* {{cite journal
  | title = Service Performed by French Vessels Fitted with Belleville Boilers
  |date=July 1901
  | journal = Notes on Naval Progress
  | volume = 20
  | page = 299
  | publisher = United States Office of Naval Intelligence
  | location = Washington, D.C.
  | oclc = 699264868
  | ref = {{SfnRef|''Service Performed''}}
  }}
* {{cite journal
  |last1=Sieche
  |first1=Erwin F.
  |year=1990
  |title=Austria-Hungary's Last Visit to the USA
  |journal=Warship International
  |volume=XXVII
  |issue=2
  |pages=142–164
  |issn=0043-0374
  |ref={{SfnRef|Sieche}}
  }}
* {{cite book
  |last=Smigielski
  |first=Adam
  |chapter=France
  |pages=190–220
  |editor1-last=Gardiner
  |editor1-first=Robert
  |editor2-last=Gray
  |editor2-first=Randal
  |title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921
  |year=1985
  |location=Annapolis
  |publisher=Naval Institute Press
  |isbn=978-0-87021-907-8
  |name-list-style=amp
  | url=https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_z3o0
  | ref = {{SfnRef|Smigielski}}
  }}
* {{cite journal
  |last=Thursfield
  |first=J. R.
  |editor-last=Brassey
  |editor-first=Thomas A.
  |title=Naval Maneouvres in 1896
  |journal=The Naval Annual
  |year=1897
  |location=Portsmouth
  |publisher=J. Griffin & Co.
  |pages=140–188
  |oclc=496786828
  |ref={{SfnRef|Thursfield}}
  }}
* {{cite journal
  |last=Weyl
  |first=E.
  |editor-last=Brassey
  |editor-first=Thomas A.
  |title=Chapter II: The Progress of Foreign Navies
  |journal=The Naval Annual
  |year=1898
  |location=Portsmouth
  |publisher=J. Griffin & Co.
  |pages=19–55
  |oclc=496786828
  |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KhcuAAAAYAAJ
  |ref={{SfnRef|Weyl}}
  }}

{{Friant class cruiser}}
{{French protected cruisers}}
{{WWI French ships}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Friant class cruiser}}
[[Category:Friant-class cruisers| ]]
[[Category:Cruiser classes]]
[[Category:Ships built in France]]
[[Category:World War I cruisers of France]]
[[Category:Ship classes of the French Navy]]