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{{Infobox organization
| name                = HPV Prevention and Control Board
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| logo_caption        = HPV Prevention and Control Board logo
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| caption             = [[Human papillomavirus]] type 11, associated with anogenital warts and protected from in some HPV vaccines.<ref name="WHOHPV"/><ref name=Bishop>{{Cite web|last1=Bishop|first1=Bishop|last2=Dasgupta|first2=J.|last3=Chen|first3=X.S.|title=RCSB PDB – 2R5K: Pentamer Structure of Major Capsid protein L1 of Human Papilloma Virus type 11|url=https://www.rcsb.org/structure/2r5k|access-date=28 October 2020|website=www.rcsb.org|language=en-US}}</ref>
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| headquarters        = Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute of the [[University of Antwerp]]
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| website             = [https://www.uantwerpen.be/en/projects/hpv-prevention-and-control-board/ Official website]
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The '''HPV Prevention and Control Board''', founded in 2015, is an independent group of international experts supported by unrestricted grants from the pharmaceutical industry<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supports and grants {{!}} HPV Prevention and Control Board {{!}} University of Antwerp |url=https://www.uantwerpen.be/en/projects/hpv-prevention-and-control-board/about-us-hpv-prevention-control/supports-and-grants/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=www.uantwerpen.be}}</ref> that bring together key professionals, groups and government officials to deal with issues related to screening and prevention programmes for [[human papillomavirus]] (HPV) infection, the persistence of which may lead to [[cervical cancer]], the second most common cancer in women living in [[low and middle income countries|low-resource settings]].<ref name="WHOHPV">{{Cite web|date=24 January 2019|title=Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer|url=https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/human-papillomavirus-(hpv)-and-cervical-cancer|access-date=26 October 2020|website=www.who.int|language=en}}</ref><ref name=Stanley/><ref name=Wittet/> The Board focusses on preventing cervical cancer in these countries by promoting the sharing of information on [[cervical screening]] and [[HPV vaccination]], which by 2014 had reached only around 3% of eligible girls in low income countries.<ref name=Stanley/><ref name=Wittet/><ref name=Bruni/>

The Board is located at the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute of the [[University of Antwerp]] and its website is a member of the [[World Health Organization]] (WHO) led project [[Vaccine Safety Net]] (VSN).<ref name=WHO/>

Local policy-makers can take advice and assistance from the Board on introducing and extending programmes, and by taking into consideration recommendations by the WHO, the Board can facilitate political backing required for their application.<ref name=Vorsters2017/> One example of their work was in 2018 when the Board contributed to efforts to regain confidence in vaccines for cervical cancer in Columbia following a sudden nationwide drop in uptake of the vaccine's first and second dose from 98% and 88% in 2012 to 14% and 5% in 2016.<ref name=HPVworld/>

==Background==
[[File:CervicalCancerAgeIncidence2018.jpg|thumb|Cervical Cancer Age Incidence 2018. Countries were categorised by the [[Human Development Index]] (HDI). Lower-resource countries have lower HDI.<ref name=Arbyn2019/>]]
[[File:CervicalCancerMortality2018.jpg|thumb|Cervical Cancer Mortality 2018.<ref name=Arbyn2019/>]]
Knowing that [[human papillomavirus]] (HPV) infection is the main cause of [[cervical cancer]], the second most common cancer in women living in [[low and middle income countries|low-resource settings]], has led to the development of [[HPV vaccine|vaccines]] that protect people from HPV associated diseases, and HPV tests that detect presence of the virus.<ref name="WHOHPV"/><ref name="Arbyn2019">{{Cite journal|last1=Arbyn|first1=Marc|last2=Weiderpass|first2=Elisabete|author-link2=Elisabete Weiderpass|last3=Bruni|first3=Laia|last4=Sanjosé|first4=Silvia de|last5=Saraiya|first5=Mona|last6=Ferlay|first6=Jacques|last7=Bray|first7=Freddie|date=1 February 2020|title=Estimates of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer in 2018: a worldwide analysis|url= |journal=The Lancet Global Health|language=en|volume=8|issue=2|pages=e191–e203|doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(19)30482-6|issn=2214-109X|pmc=7025157|pmid=31812369}}</ref> Since the HPV vaccines were first licensed in 2006, the [[Global Advisory Committee on Vaccine Safety]] (GACVS) have concluded that the HPV vaccines have a reassuring safety profile and they remain vigilant to monitoring adverse effects.<ref name=Vorsters2017/>

In 2016, more than 70 countries were reported to be offering the HPV vaccine.<ref name=Wittet/><ref name=VorstersDamme/> This figure reached 80 by 2018.<ref name=VorstersDamme/> With the optimum coverage of HPV vaccination regarded to be 70% of eligible women, a review published in 2017 revealed that by 2014, nine years from the vaccine's introduction, coverage varied between less than 5% to more than 80% in countries that offered the vaccine.<ref name=Bruni/>

==Origin and purpose==
The HPV Prevention and Control Board is modelled on the [[Viral Hepatitis Prevention Board]] and was founded in December 2015 to deal with emerging challenges in the control and prevention of [[human papillomavirus]] (HPV) infection and its associated diseases.<ref name=Stanley>{{Cite journal|last1=Stanley|first1=Margaret|last2=Poljak|first2=Mario|date=2017-03-16|title=Prospects for the new HPV Prevention and Control Board|journal=Papillomavirus Research|volume=3|pages=97|doi=10.1016/j.pvr.2017.01.005|issn=2405-8521|pmc=5883206|pmid=28720464}}</ref> Chiefly working on technical issues, the Board is an independent group of international experts, one of several partnerships that focus on preventing cervical cancer by promoting the sharing of information on [[cervical screening]] and [[HPV vaccination]], which by 2014 had reached only around 3% of eligible girls in low income countries.<ref name=Stanley/><ref name="Wittet">{{Cite journal|last1=Wittet|first1=Scott|last2=Aylward|first2=Jenny|last3=Cowal|first3=Sally|last4=Drope|first4=Jacqui|last5=Franca|first5=Etienne|last6=Goltz|first6=Sarah|last7=Kuo|first7=Taona|last8=Larson|first8=Heidi|last9=Luciani|first9=Silvana|last10=Mugisha|first10=Emmanuel|last11=Schocken|first11=Celina|date=July 2017|title=Advocacy, communication, and partnerships: Mobilizing for effective, widespread cervical cancer prevention|journal=International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics |volume=138|issue=Suppl 1 |pages=57–62|doi=10.1002/ijgo.12189|issn=1879-3479|pmid=28691332|s2cid=22355521|doi-access=free}}</ref><ref name=Bruni>{{Cite journal|date=1 July 2016|title=Global estimates of human papillomavirus vaccination coverage by region and income level: a pooled analysis|journal=The Lancet Global Health|language=en|volume=4|issue=7|pages=e453–e463|doi=10.1016/S2214-109X(16)30099-7|issn=2214-109X|last1=Bruni|first1=Laia|last2=Diaz|first2=Mireia|last3=Barrionuevo-Rosas|first3=Leslie|last4=Herrero|first4=Rolando|last5=Bray|first5=Freddie|last6=Bosch|first6=F Xavier|last7=De Sanjosé|first7=Silvia|last8=Castellsagué|first8=Xavier|pmid=27340003|doi-access=free|hdl=2445/126836|hdl-access=free}}</ref>

Its website is a member of the WHO-led project [[Vaccine Safety Net]] (VSN).<ref name=WHO>{{Cite web|title=WHO {{!}} HPV Prevention and Control Board|url=http://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/initiative/communication/network/hpvboard/en/|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170429030953/http://www.who.int/vaccine_safety/initiative/communication/network/hpvboard/en/|url-status=dead|archive-date=April 29, 2017|access-date=16 October 2020|website=WHO}}</ref> The Board's first meeting, focused on safety data of licensed HPV vaccines, was held on 27 June 2016 in [[Antwerp]]. At the time, a preliminary list of issues requiring attention included implementing a vaccination programme, expanding existing programmes, and integrating HPV vaccination and cervical screening.<ref name=Stanley/><ref name=Vorsters2017>{{Cite journal|last1=Vorsters|first1=Alex|last2=Arbyn|first2=Marc|last3=Baay|first3=Marc|last4=Bosch|first4=Xavier|last5=de Sanjosé|first5=Silvia|last6=Hanley|first6=Sharon|last7=Karafillakis|first7=Emilie|last8=Lopalco|first8=Pier Luigi|last9=Pollock|first9=Kevin G.|last10=Yarwood|first10=Joanne|last11=Van Damme|first11=Pierre|date=2017|title=Overcoming barriers in HPV vaccination and screening programs|journal=Papillomavirus Research|volume=4|pages=45–53|doi=10.1016/j.pvr.2017.07.001|issn=2405-8521|pmc=7268103|pmid=29179869}}</ref>

The Board's website provides information relating to its aims, scientific publications, meetings, general HPV information, links to E-learning sources on HPV and relevant websites, in addition to HPV related news and media.<ref name=WHO/>

==Activities==
The Board co-ordinates interactions between people related to HPV control and prevention, and provides a forum for discussion. It advises local policy-makers on starting and expanding HPV vaccination programmes, and taking into consideration recommendations by the WHO, helps with political commitment necessary for their implementation. In addition to experts, it involves public and governments.<ref name=Stanley/><ref name=Vorsters2017/>

The Board's first four meetings resulted in the development of a checklist for implementing and maintaining vaccine initiatives, also applicable to other vaccination programmes, after local and international expertise were brought together to exchange experiences and what was learnt from them.<ref name=VorstersDamme>Vorsters, Alex (2018) [https://web.archive.org/web/20201026124458/https://doc.anet.be/docman/docman.phtml?file=.irua.a3eba7.152793.pdf "Commentary HPV immunization programs: Ensuring their sustainability and resilience"]. Vaccine 36, pp. 5219–5221. Co-authored with Pierre Van Damme</ref>

Following a 2016 publication of a flawed paper on HPV vaccine in Japan, which was later retracted, the Board responded with a letter, signed by 20 of its Board members, criticising both the research and the time to retract it.<ref name=Normile>{{Cite web|last=Normile|first=Dennis|date=21 December 2016|title=Critics assail paper claiming harm from cancer vaccine|url=https://www.science.org/content/article/critics-assail-paper-claiming-harm-cancer-vaccine|access-date=21 October 2020|website=Science {{!}} AAAS|language=en}}</ref>

In 2018, the fifth meeting, held in Bucharest, discussed the role of healthcare providers in vaccination programmes.<ref name=Vorsters2019>{{Cite journal|last1=Vorsters|first1=Alex|last2=Bonanni|first2=Paolo|last3=Maltezou|first3=Helena C.|last4=Yarwood|first4=Joanne|last5=Brewer|first5=Noel T.|last6=Bosch|first6=F. Xavier|last7=Hanley|first7=Sharon|last8=Cameron|first8=Ross|last9=Franco|first9=Eduardo L.|last10=Arbyn|first10=Marc|last11=Muñoz|first11=Nubia|date=30 August 2019|title=The role of healthcare providers in HPV vaccination programs – A meeting report|journal=Papillomavirus Research|volume=8|page=100183|doi=10.1016/j.pvr.2019.100183|issn=2405-8521|pmc=7268105|pmid=31476478}}</ref><ref name=WHCA2018>{{Cite web|date=2018|title=WHCA - HPV Prevention and Control Board Meeting, 15-16 May 2018, Bucharest, Romania|url=http://whcaonline.org/home/hpv-prevention-and-control-board-meeting-bucharest-romania-15-16-may-2018.html|access-date=21 October 2020|website=whcaonline.org}}</ref>

At its sixth meeting in November 2018, the Board collaborated in Colombia, with the [[National Cancer Institute of Colombia]] and [[Colombian League Against Cancer]], to address the sudden [[vaccine hesitancy|hesitancy]] in taking HPV vaccines in that country. Routinely given in two doses, the uptake of HPV vaccine for the first and second dose dropped from 98% and 88% in 2012 to 14% and 5% in 2016 nationally. Investigations by Colombian authorities, had suggested that, beginning in [[El Carmen de Bolívar|Carmen del Bolivar]] in 2012, social media could have contributed to disseminating misinformation on the vaccine resulting in a probably [[mass psychogenic illness]]. The HPV vaccine was found not to be apparently the cause of reported adverse effects and the Board contributed to efforts to regain confidence in HPV vaccination in Columbia.<ref name="HPVworld">{{Cite web|title=HPV vaccination in Colombia|url=https://www.hpvworld.com/articles/hpv-vaccination-in-colombia/|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20201027063038/https://www.hpvworld.com/articles/hpv-vaccination-in-colombia/|archive-date=27 October 2020|access-date=24 October 2020|website=www.hpvworld.com}}</ref><ref name=VorstersBosch>{{Cite journal|last1=Vorsters|first1=Alex|last2=Bosch|first2=Francesc Xavier|last3=Bonanni|first3=Paolo|last4=Franco|first4=Eduardo L.|last5=Baay|first5=Marc|last6=Simas|first6=Clarissa|last7=Waheed|first7=Dur-e-Nayab|last8=Castro|first8=Carlos|last9=Murillo|first9=Raul|last10=Trujillo|first10=Lina|last11=Wiesner|first11=Carolina|date=2020-06-22|title=Prevention and control of HPV infection and HPV-related cancers in Colombia- a meeting report|url= |journal=BMC Proceedings|language=en|volume=14|issue=9|pages=8|doi=10.1186/s12919-020-00192-2|issn=1753-6561|pmc=7307134|pmid=32577128 |doi-access=free }}</ref><ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last1=Mezza |first1=Maurizia |last2=Blume |first2=Stuart |date=2021-08-01 |title=Turning suffering into side effects: Responses to HPV vaccination in Colombia |url=https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953621004676 |journal=Social Science & Medicine |language=en |volume=282 |pages=114135 |doi=10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114135 |pmid=34146986 |s2cid=235486196 |issn=0277-9536|hdl=11245.1/d016371b-37b8-4f8c-96ae-ab27a0e2b2c9 |hdl-access=free }}</ref> However, more recent research papers have suggested in 2021-2022 that the HPV vaccine (Gardasil) could not be ruled out in the case of Carmen de Bolívar, and that the initial diagnosis of mass psychogenic illness was not supported by scientific evidence.<ref name=":0" /><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Moreno |first1=Adolfo Baltar |last2=Puello-Sarabia |first2=Cielo Patricia |date=2022-05-01 |title=Género y vacunación contra el VPH en Colombia: cuando la política pública hace daño |url=https://www.methaodos.org/revista-methaodos/index.php/methaodos/article/view/545 |journal=Methaodos.revista de Ciencias Sociales |language=es |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=74–87 |doi=10.17502/mrcs.v10i1.545 |s2cid=248490877 |issn=2340-8413|doi-access=free }}</ref><ref>{{Cite journal |last1=Baltar-Moreno |first1=Adolfo |last2=Puello-Sarabia |first2=Cielo |last3=Carrazco-Delgado |first3=Brenda Fernanda |date=2022-11-09 |title=Revisión narrativa del caso de la vacuna contra el VPH en El Carmen de Bolívar, Colombia (2014-2021) |url=https://revistas.javeriana.edu.co/index.php/gerepolsal/article/view/34614 |journal=Gerencia y Políticas de Salud |language=es |volume=21 |doi=10.11144/Javeriana.rgps21.rncv |issn=2500-6177|doi-access=free }}</ref> 

==Location and funding==
The Board's [[Secretariat (administrative office)|administrative office]] is located at the Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute of the [[University of Antwerp]].<ref name=website>{{Cite web|title=HPV Prevention and Control Board – University of Antwerp|url=https://www.uantwerpen.be/en/projects/hpv-prevention-and-control-board/|access-date=16 October 2020|website=www.uantwerpen.be}}</ref><ref name=Hawkes1>{{Cite journal|last=Hawkes|first=Nigel|date=3 October 2018|title=Cochrane examines whether lead author of HPV review had undeclared conflicts of interest|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/363/bmj.k4163|journal=BMJ|language=en|volume=363|pages=k4163|doi=10.1136/bmj.k4163|issn=0959-8138|pmid=30282628|s2cid=52913263|url-access=subscription}}</ref> The Board has received grants from the pharmaceutical industry<ref>{{Cite web |title=Supports and grants {{!}} HPV Prevention and Control Board {{!}} University of Antwerp |url=https://www.uantwerpen.be/en/projects/hpv-prevention-and-control-board/about-us-hpv-prevention-control/supports-and-grants/ |access-date=2023-02-28 |website=www.uantwerpen.be}}</ref> including [[GlaxoSmithKline Biologicals]], [[Merck Group|Merck]], Abbott and [[Sanofi Pasteur]], as well as several universities. Finances, including reimbursements, are handled by the rules of the University of Antwerp.<ref name=VorstersDamme/><ref name=Hawkes>{{Cite journal|last=Hawkes|first=Nigel|date=16 October 2018|title=Lead author of Cochrane HPV review did not breach conflicts policy, find arbiters|url=https://www.bmj.com/content/363/bmj.k4352|journal=BMJ|language=en|volume=363|pages=k4352|doi=10.1136/bmj.k4352|issn=0959-8138|pmid=30327412|s2cid=53522070|url-access=subscription}}</ref>

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

[[Category:Health advocacy groups]]
[[Category:Vaccination-related organizations]]
[[Category:Organisations based in Antwerp Province]]
[[Category:University of Antwerp]]
[[Category:Organizations established in 2015]]
[[Category:Papillomavirus]]