View source for Polygonia

{{Short description|Genus of insects}}
{{Automatic taxobox
| image = Polygonia c-album DePanne.jpg
| image_caption = ''[[Polygonia c-album]]''
| taxon = Polygonia
| authority = [[Jacob Hübner|Hübner]], 1819
| subdivision_ranks = [[Species]]
| subdivision = See text
}}

[[Image:CommaButterflyCB.jpg|thumb|right|''[[Polygonia c-album|P. c-album]]'' showing angular wings and typical comma marking]]
'''''Polygonia''''' (from [[Greek language|Greek]] πολύς - ''polys'', "many"<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpolu%2Fs πολύς], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref> and γωνία - ''gōnia'', "angle"<ref>[https://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dgwni%2Fa γωνία], Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus</ref>) is a [[genus]] of [[butterflies]] with a conspicuous white mark on the underside of each hindwing, hence the common name '''comma'''. They also have conspicuous angular notches on the outer edges of their forewings, hence the other common name [[Nymphalini|anglewing]] butterflies. The related genus ''[[Nymphalis]]'' also includes some anglewing species; ''Polygonia'' is sometimes classified as a subgenus of ''Nymphalis''.<ref>[http://ftp.funet.fi/pub/sci/bio/life/insecta/lepidoptera/ditrysia/papilionoidea/nymphalidae/nymphalinae/nymphalis/ "''Nymphalis'' Kluk, 1780"] at Markku Savela's ''Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms''</ref>

Many members of ''Polygonia'' [[hibernation|hibernate]] as adults.<ref>Scott, J. A. (1999). [http://lepidopteraresearchfoundation.org/journals/18/PDF18/18-171.pdf Hibernal diapause of North American Papilionoidea and Hesperioidea.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181008061253/http://lepidopteraresearchfoundation.org/journals/18/PDF18/18-171.pdf |date=2018-10-08 }} ''Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera'' 18(3):171-200.</ref> 
Species include:<ref>[http://tolweb.org/Polygonia/70340 ''Polygonia''], Tree of Life</ref><ref>Wahlberg, N. et al. (2009). [http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148/9/92 Timing major conflict between mitochondrial and nuclear genes in species relationships of ''Polygonia'' butterflies (Nymphalidae: Nymphalini).] ''BMC Evolutionary Biology'' 9:92.</ref>
* ''[[Polygonia c-album]]'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> – comma
* ''[[Polygonia c-aureum]]'' <small>(Linnaeus, 1758)</small> – Asian comma
* ''[[Polygonia comma]]'' <small>(Harris, 1842)</small> – eastern comma
* ''[[Polygonia egea]]'' <small>(Cramer, 1775)</small> – southern comma
* ''[[Polygonia faunus]]'' <small>(Edwards, 1862)</small> – Faunus anglewing, Faunus comma, green comma
* ''[[Polygonia g-argenteum]]'' <small>Doubleday & Hewitson, 1846</small> – Mexican anglewing
* ''[[Polygonia gigantea]]'' <small>(Leech, 1883)</small> – giant comma
* ''[[Polygonia gracilis]]'' <small>(Grote & Robinson, 1867)</small> – hoary comma
* ''[[Polygonia haroldii]]'' <small>Dewitz, 1877</small> – spotless anglewing
* ''[[Polygonia interposita]]'' <small>(Staudinger, 1881)</small>
* ''[[Polygonia interrogationis]]'' <small>(Fabricius, 1798)</small> – question mark
* ''[[Polygonia oreas]]'' <small>(Edwards, 1869)</small> – oreas anglewing, oreas comma, sylvan anglewing
* ''[[Polygonia progne]]'' <small>(Cramer, 1775)</small> – grey comma, gray comma
* ''[[Polygonia satyrus]]'' <small>(Edwards, 1869)</small> – satyr anglewing, satyr comma
* ''[[Polygonia undina]]'' <small>(Grum-Grshimailo, 1890)</small>
* ''[[Polygonia zephyrus]]'' <small>(Edwards, 1870)</small> – zephyr comma

==Notes==
{{Reflist}}

==References==
{{Commons category}}
{{Wikispecies}}
* [http://www.cbif.gc.ca/spp_pages/butterflies/families/nymphalidae_e.php#anglewings Family Nymphalidae.] Butterflies of Canada.
* [http://motyli.wz.cz/nymphal/nymphalis.htm Genus ''Nymphalis''.] Zdenek Fric.

{{Taxonbar|from=Q1754570}}
{{Authority control}}

[[Category:Nymphalini]]
[[Category:Nymphalidae genera]]
[[Category:Taxa named by Jacob Hübner]]


{{Nymphalinae-stub}}