View source for Short-range device

{{Short description|Class of radio transmitter}}{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2017}}
{{Expand German|Short Range Devices|date=March 2012}}

A '''short-range device''' ('''SRD'''), described by [[Electronic Communications Committee|ECC]] Recommendation 70-03, is a [[radio-frequency]] [[transmitter]] device used in [[telecommunication]] that has little capability of causing [[radio interference|harmful interference]] to other radio equipment.

Short-range devices are low-power transmitters, typically limited to 25–100&nbsp;mW [[effective radiated power]] (ERP) or less, depending on the frequency band, which limits their useful range to a few hundred meters, which do not require licenses to use.

Short-range [[wireless]] technologies include [[Bluetooth]], [[Wi-Fi]], [[NearLink]], [[near-field communication]] (NFC), [[Low-power_wide-area_network| LPWAN]], [[ultra-wideband]] (UWB) and [[IEEE 802.15.4]]. They are implemented by chips [[semiconductor device fabrication|fabricated]] as [[RF CMOS]] [[integrated circuit]] ([[RF circuit]]).<ref name="Happich">{{cite news |last1=Happich |first1=Julien |title=Global shipments of short range wireless ICs to exceed 2 billion units in 2010 |url=https://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1254987 |accessdate=25 October 2019 |work=[[EE Times]] |date=24 February 2010}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Veendrick |first1=Harry J. M. |title=Nanometer CMOS ICs: From Basics to ASICs |date=2017 |publisher=Springer |isbn=9783319475974 |page=243 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lv_EDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA243}}</ref> {{As of|2009}}, short-range wireless chips ship approximately {{#expr:2/1.2 round 1}}{{nbsp}}billion units annually, with Bluetooth accounting for over 55% of shipments and Wi-Fi around 35% of shipments.<ref name="Happich"/>

Applications for short-range wireless devices include [[Electricity meter|power meters]] and other [[telemetry|remote instrumentation]], [[RFID]] applications, [[radio-controlled model]]s, [[fire alarm|fire]], security and social alarms, vehicle radars, wireless microphones and earphones, traffic signs and signals (including control signals), remote [[garage door opener]]s and [[remote keyless system|car keys]], barcode readers, motion detectors, and many others.

The [[European Commission]] mandates through [[European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations|CEPT]] and [[ETSI]] the allocation of several device bands for these purposes, restricts the parameters of their use, and provides guidelines for avoiding radio interference.<ref name=rec_70-03>[[European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administrations|CEPT/ERC]] [http://www.erodocdb.dk/docs/doc98/official/pdf/rec7003e.pdf  REC 70-03] (22 August 2011)</ref><ref name=etsi_en_300_220>[[ETSI]] EN 300 220-1 v2.3.1 (2010-02). Table 5.</ref><ref>[https://web.archive.org/web/20081123011430/http://www.ida.gov.sg/doc/Policies%20and%20Regulation/Policies_and_Regulation_Level2/20060424155810/IDATSSRD.pdf IDA Singapore: Technical specifications for short-range devices]</ref>

==Frequency bands==
According to ECC Rec. 70-03, there are several annexes which encapsulate specific usage patterns, maximum emission power and duty cycle requirements.

{| class="wikitable"
|+ Frequency allocation in Rec. 70-03
|-
! Frequency || Band || Notes
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" | '''Annex 1.''' Non-specific short-range devices 
|-
|6765–6795&nbsp;kHz       || [[ISM band|ISM]] ||
|-
|13.553–13.567&nbsp;MHz   || [[ISM band|ISM]] || [[RFID]]
|-
|26.957–27.283&nbsp;MHz   || [[ISM band|ISM]] || [[Citizens' Band]]
|-
|40.660–40.700&nbsp;MHz   || [[ISM band|ISM]] || 
|-
|138.20–138.45&nbsp;MHz   || ||
|-
|433.050–434.790&nbsp;MHz || [[ISM band|ISM]] || [[LPD433]] ([[70-centimeter band]]); also an [[Amateur Radio]] band
|-
|863–870&nbsp;MHz         || [[ISM band|ISM]] ||[[#SRD860|SRD860]]
|-
|915–928&nbsp;MHz         || [[ISM band|ISM]] ||[[#SRD860|SRD860]]
|-
|2400.0–2483.5&nbsp;MHz   || [[ISM band|ISM]] || [[13-centimeter band]] Heavily used by [[Wi-Fi]]; also an [[Amateur Radio]] band (Up to 2450 MHz)
|-
|5725–5875&nbsp;MHz       || [[ISM band|ISM]] || [[5-centimeter band]]; also an [[Amateur Radio]] band (Up to 5850 MHz)
|-
|24.00–24.25&nbsp;GHz     || [[ISM band|ISM]] || [[1.2-centimeter band]]; also an [[Amateur Radio]] band
|-
|61.0–61.5&nbsp;GHz       || [[ISM band|ISM]] ||
|-
|122–123&nbsp;GHz         || [[ISM band|ISM]] || [[2.5-millimeter band]]; also an [[Amateur Radio]] band
|-
|244–246&nbsp;GHz         || [[ISM band|ISM]] || [[1-millimeter band]]; also an [[Amateur Radio]] band
|-
|3.1–4.8&nbsp;THz         || ||
|-
|6–9&nbsp;THz           || ||
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" | '''Annex 2.'''  Tracking, tracing and data acquisition
|-
|456.9–457.1&nbsp;kHz   || || Detection of [[avalanche]] victims
|-
|169.4–169.475&nbsp;MHz || || Remote meter reading 
|-
|169.4–169.475&nbsp;MHz || || Asset tracking and tracing
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" | '''Annex 3.''' Wideband data transmission systems
|-
|2400.0–2483.5&nbsp;MHz   ||  [[ISM band|ISM]] || [[Wi-Fi]], [[Bluetooth]], etc. 
|-
|57–66&nbsp;GHz           || [[V band|V]]  ||  [[WiGig]], [[WirelessHD]], etc.
|-
| colspan=3 align=center | '''Annex 4.'''  Railway applications
|-
| 2446–2454&nbsp;MHz       || || Automatic vehicle identification systems for railways 
|-
| 27.090–27.100&nbsp;MHz || || [[Balise]] tele-powering and down-link (train to ground) systems 
|-
| 984–7484&nbsp;kHz     || || Balise up-link (ground to train) systems
|-
| 7.3–23.0&nbsp;MHz       || || Loop up-link (ground to train) systems
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" | '''Annex 5.''' Road transport and traffic telematics (RTTT) 
|-
| 5795–5805&nbsp;MHz <br> 5805-5815&nbsp;MHz  ||  [[C band (IEEE)|C]]   ||
|-
| 63–64&nbsp;GHz       || [[V band|V]] || Vehicle to vehicle and road to vehicle systems 
|-
| 76–77&nbsp;GHz       || [[W band|W]] || Vehicle radar and infrastructure radar systems 
|-
| 21.65–26.65&nbsp;GHz || [[K band (IEEE)|K]] || Automotive short range radars (SRR)  (marketed until July 2013)
|-
| 77–81&nbsp;GHz       || [[W band|W]] ||  Automotive short range radars (SRR)
|-
|24.050–24.075&nbsp;GHz <br> 24.075–24.150&nbsp;GHz <br> 24.150–24.250&nbsp;GHz || [[ISM band|ISM]] || Vehicle radars
|-
| colspan=3 align=center | '''Annex 6.'''  Radiodetermination applications 
|-
| 2400.0–2483.5  || [[ISM band|ISM]] ||
|-
|9200–9500&nbsp;MHz <br>  9500–9975&nbsp;MHz || ||
|-
| 10.5–10.6&nbsp;GHz    || ||
|-
| 13.4–14.0&nbsp;GHz    || ||
|-
| 24.05–24.25&nbsp;GHz || [[ISM band|ISM]]||
|-
| 4.5–7.0&nbsp;GHz     || || [[Level sensor|Tank level probing radar (TLPR)]]
|-
| 8.5–10.6&nbsp;GHz    || || [[Level sensor|Tank level probing radar (TLPR)]]
|-
| 24.05–27.00&nbsp;GHz || || [[Level sensor|Tank level probing radar (TLPR)]]
|-
| 57–64&nbsp;GHz       || || [[Level sensor|Tank level probing radar (TLPR)]]
|-
| 75–85&nbsp;GHz       || || [[Level sensor|Tank level probing radar (TLPR)]]
|-
| 17.1–17.3&nbsp;GHz || || Ground-based synthetic aperture radar 
|-
| colspan=3 align=center | '''Annex 7.'''  Alarms 
|-
| 868.6–868.7&nbsp;MHz       || ||
|-
| 869.250–869.300&nbsp;MHz   || ||
|-
| 869.650–869.700&nbsp;MHz   || ||
|-
| 869.200–869.250&nbsp;MHz   || ||
|-
| 869.300–869.400&nbsp;MHz   || ||
|-
| 169.4750–169.4875&nbsp;MHz || || Social alarms (exclusive use)
|-
| 169.5875–169.6000&nbsp;MHz || || Social alarms (exclusive use)
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" | '''Annex 8.'''  Model control 
|-
| 26.995, 27.045, <br>27.095, 27.145, <br>27.195&nbsp;MHz || ||
|-
| 34.995–35.225&nbsp;MHz || || Only for flying models
|-
| 40.665, 40.675, <br> 40.685, 40.695&nbsp;MHz || ||
|-
| colspan=3 align=center | '''Annex 9.'''  Inductive applications
|-
| colspan=3 align=center | '''Annex 10.''' Radio microphone applications including aids for the hearing impaired
|-
| 29.7–47.0&nbsp;MHz || ||except 30.3–30.5&nbsp;MHz, 32.15–32.45&nbsp;MHz and 41.015–47.00&nbsp;MHz (harmonised military bands)
|-
| 173.965–174.015  || || Aids for the hearing impaired 
|-
| 863–865&nbsp;MHz || || Individual licence required
|-
| 470–786&nbsp;MHz || || Individual licence required 
|-
| 786–789&nbsp;MHz || || Individual licence required
|-
| 823–826&nbsp;MHz  <br> 826–832&nbsp;MHz || ||  Individual licence required
|-
| 1785–1795&nbsp;MHz <br> 1795–1800&nbsp;MHz || ||  Individual licence required
|-
| 169.4000–169.4750&nbsp;MHz || || Aids for the hearing impaired. Individual licence may be required
|-
| 169.4875–169.5875&nbsp;MHz || || Aids for the hearing impaired. Individual licence may be required  
|-
| colspan=3 align=center | '''Annex 11.''' Radio frequency identification applications 
|-
| 2446–2454&nbsp;MHz <br>  2446–2454&nbsp;MHz || || 
|-
| 865.0–865.6&nbsp;MHz <br> 865.6–867.6&nbsp;MHz <br> 867.6–868.0&nbsp;MHz  || ||
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" | '''Annex 12.'''  Active medical implants and their associated peripherals
|-
| colspan="3" align="center" | '''Annex 13.''' Wireless audio applications 
|-
| 863–865&nbsp;MHz <br> 864.8–865.0 || SRD860 ||
|-
| 1795–1800&nbsp;MHz || ||
|-
| 87.5–108.0&nbsp;MHz || [[FM broadcast band|FM]] ||
|}

===SRD860===
In Europe, 863 to 870 &nbsp;MHz band has been allocated for license-free operation using [[FHSS]], [[DSSS]], or analog modulation with either a transmission [[duty cycle]] of 0.1%, 1% or 10% depending on the band, or Listen Before Talk (LBT) with Adaptive Frequency Agility (AFA).<ref name=rec_70-03 /><ref name="etsi_en_300_220" /> Although this band falls under the Short Range Device umbrella, it is being used in Low-Power Wide-Area Network ([[LPWAN]]) [[wireless telecommunication]] networks, designed to allow long-range communications at a low [[bit rate]] among [[Internet of things|things]] (connected objects).

{| class="wikitable"
! Frequency ||  Duty cycle || Channel spacing || ERP
|-
| 863.0–865.0&nbsp;MHz || 100% (wireless audio) || || 10&nbsp;mW
|-
| 863.0–865.6&nbsp;MHz  || 0.1% or LBT+AFA  || || 25&nbsp;mW
|-
| 863.0–868.0&nbsp;MHz *  || || || 25&nbsp;mW wideband up to 1&nbsp;MHz (data only)
|-
| 865.0–868.0&nbsp;MHz  || 1% or LBT+AFA  || || 25&nbsp;mW
|-
| 865.0–868.0&nbsp;MHz * || 0.1% or LBT+AFA || 4 frequencies || 2&nbsp;W (RFID only)
|-
| 865.0–868.0&nbsp;MHz * || 10% (access points), 2.5% (other devices) || 4 frequencies || 500&nbsp;mW (data only, power control required)
|-
| 868.0–868.6&nbsp;MHz  || 1% or LBT+AFA  || || 25&nbsp;mW
|-
| 868.6–868.7&nbsp;MHz  || 1% (alarms) || 25&nbsp;kHz || 10&nbsp;mW
|-
| 868.7–869.2&nbsp;MHz  || 0.1% or LBT+AFA || || 25&nbsp;mW
|-
| 869.2–869.25&nbsp;MHz  || 0.1% (social alarms) || 25&nbsp;kHz || 10&nbsp;mW
|-
| 869.25–869.3&nbsp;MHz  || 0.1% (alarms) || 25&nbsp;kHz || 10&nbsp;mW
|-
| 869.3–869.4&nbsp;MHz  || 1% (alarms) || 25&nbsp;kHz || 10&nbsp;mW
|-
| 869.4–869.65&nbsp;MHz || 10% or LBT+AFA || 25&nbsp;kHz ||500&nbsp;mW
|-
| 869.65–869.7&nbsp;MHz || 10% (alarms) || 25&nbsp;kHz ||25&nbsp;mW
|-
|rowspan=2| 869.7–870.0&nbsp;MHz || 100% (voice communication) || || 5&nbsp;mW
|-
| 1% or LBT+AFA || || 25&nbsp;mW
|}

(* = as of 1 January 2018)

{{As of|2011|12}}, unrestricted voice communications are allowed in the 869.7-870.0&nbsp;MHz band with channel spacing of 25&nbsp;kHz or less and maximum power output of 5&nbsp;mW ERP.<ref>[http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32011D0829:FR:NOT 2011/829/EU: Commission Implementing Decision of 8 December 2011 amending Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices]</ref><ref>[http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/radio_spectrum/documents/legislation/index_en.htm#2011_srd_4th Explanatory document on Commission Decision 2011/829/EU] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120414150801/http://ec.europa.eu/information_society/policy/ecomm/radio_spectrum/documents/legislation/index_en.htm |date=14 April 2012 }}</ref><ref>[https://www.ofcom.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0028/84970/ir-2030.pdf OFCOM IR 2030 -  Licence Exempt Short Range Devices] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120713212240/http://stakeholders.ofcom.org.uk/binaries/spectrum/spectrum-policy-area/spectrum-management/research-guidelines-tech-info/interface-requirements/IR_2030.pdf |date=13 July 2012 }}</ref>

SRD860 handheld transceivers were briefly available in mid 2000s, however they did not offer dual-band compatibility with [[PMR446]] and LPD433 bands. {{As of|2012}}, they have been put off-market.

From January 2018, the four RFID frequencies are also available for data networks, with a power up to 500&nbsp;mW and a bandwidth of 200 kHz. The center frequencies are: 865.7, 866.3, 866.9 and 867.5 MHz. Specific restrictions on usage apply, such as a low duty cycle, LBT (listen before transmit) and APC (adaptive power control).<ref>{{cite web|url=http://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX:32017D1483|title=Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2017/1483 of 8 August 2017 amending Decision 2006/771/EC on harmonisation of the radio spectrum for use by short-range devices and repealing Decision 2006/804/EC|website=Eur-Lex.Europa.eu}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[DASH7]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==External links==
* {{cite web|title=European Communications Office (ECO)|url=https://efis.cept.org/}}
* {{cite web|title=ERC Recommendation 70-03)|url=https://efis.cept.org/sitecontent.jsp?sitecontent=srd_regulations|accessdate=7 January 2023}}
* {{cite web|title=Short Range Devices|url=http://www.etsi.org/website/Technologies/ShortRangeDevices.aspx|website=ETSI.org|accessdate=24 November 2017}}
* {{cite web|title=SRD/MG - Short Range Devices|url=http://www.cept.org/ecc/groups/ecc/wg-fm/srdmg|website=CEPT.org|accessdate=24 November 2017}}

[[Category:Radio electronics]]