View source for Help:IPA/Pashto

{{IPA key|H:IPA-PS}}

The chart below explains how Wikipedia represents [[Pashto]] pronunciations with the [[International Phonetic Alphabet]] (IPA). For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see [[Template:IPA]] and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}. 

See [[Pashto phonology]] for a more thorough discussion of the sounds of Pashto.

{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+[[Consonant]]s
!colspan=4|[[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!rowspan=2|[[Pashto alphabet|Letter]]
!rowspan=2|Usual [[romanization]]
!rowspan=2|English approximation
|-
!{{abbr|NW|Northwestern dialects}}!!{{abbr|NE|Northeastern dialects}}!!{{abbr|SW|Southwestern dialects}}!!{{abbr|SE|Southeastern dialects}}
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|b}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ب}}}}
|b
|'''b'''ed
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|d}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|د}}}}
|d
|'''d'''ay
|-
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|d͡z}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ځ}}}}
|dz
|la'''ds'''
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|d͡ʒ}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ج}}}}
|j
|'''j'''am
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɖ}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ډ}}}}
|ḍ
|'''d'''ay (retroflex)
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|f}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ف}}}}
|f
|'''f'''un
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ګ}}}}
|g
|'''g'''o
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɣ}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|غ}}}}
|ğ, ǧ
|''Spanish'' ami'''g'''o
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|h}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ه}}<br>{{lang|ps|ح}}}}
|h
|'''h'''at
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|j}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ي}}}}
|y
|'''y'''es
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|k}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ک}}}}
|k
|'''k'''ing
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|l}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ل}}}}
|l
|'''l'''eft
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|m}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|م}}}}
|m
|'''m'''an
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|n}}</big>
|rowspan="2" |{{center|{{lang|ps|ن}}}}
|rowspan="2" |n
|'''n'''o
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ŋ}}</big>
|so'''ng'''
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɳ}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ڼ}}}}
|ṇ
|'''n'''o (retroflex)
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|p}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|پ}}}}
|p
|s'''p'''it
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|q}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ق}}}}
|q
|'''c'''ool (without voicing)
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|r}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ﺭ}}}}
|r
|'''r'''un
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɺ}}, {{IPAlink|ɻ}}, {{IPAlink|ɽ}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ړ}}}}
|ṛ
|'''r'''un (retroflex)
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|س}}<br>{{lang|ps|ث}}<br>{{lang|ps|ص}}}}
|s
|'''s'''ee
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ش}}}}
|š
|'''sh'''e
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ç}}</big>
|style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big>
|style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʂ}}</big>
|style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʃ}}</big>
|style="text-align:center;" |{{center|{{lang|ps|ښ}}}}
|x̌, ṣ̌
|'''sh'''e (retroflex)
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|t}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ت}}<br>{{lang|ps|ط}}}}
|t
|'''t'''op
|-
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|s}}</big>
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|t͡s}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|څ}}}}
|c, ts
|ca'''ts'''
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|t͡ʃ}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|چ}}}}
|č
|'''ch'''in
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʈ}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ټ}}}}
|ṭ
|'''t'''op (retroflex)
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|w}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|و}}}}
|w
|'''w'''in
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|x}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|خ}}}}
|x
|Ba'''ch''' (German)
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|z}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ز}}<br>{{lang|ps|ذ}}<br>{{lang|ps|ض}}<br>{{lang|ps|ظ}}}}
|z
|'''z'''oo
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʒ}}</big>
|style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|d͡ʒ}}</big>
|colspan="2" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʒ}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ژ}}}}
|ž
|plea'''s'''ure
|-
|style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʝ}}</big>
|style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ɡ}}</big>
|style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʐ}}</big>
|style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|ʒ}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ږ}}}}
|ǵ, ẓ̌
|plea'''s'''ure (retroflex)
|-
|colspan="4" style="text-align:center;" |<big>{{IPAlink|◌̃}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ں}}}}
|̃ , ń
|so'''ng'''
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+Marginal consonant
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
![[Pashto alphabet|Letter]]
!Usual [[romanization]]
!English approximation
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ʔ}}</big>
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ع}}<br>{{lang|ps|ء}}}}
|', ɂ
|wa'''t'''er (glottalized)
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+[[Vowel]]s
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
![[Pashto alphabet|Letter]]
!Usual [[romanization]]
!English approximation
|-
|{{big|{{IPAlink|a}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|َ}}<br>{{lang|ps|ه}}}}
|a
|'''a'''rt
|-
|{{big|{{IPAlink|ɑ}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|آ}}<br>{{lang|ps|َا}}}}
|ā
|'''a'''rt
|-
|{{big|{{IPAlink|e}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ې}}}}
|e
|'''e'''gg
|-
|{{big|{{IPAlink|ə}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ٙ}}<br>{{lang|ps|ۀ}}}}
|ə
|comm'''a'''
|-
|{{big|{{IPAlink|ɪ}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ِ}}}}
|i
|'''i'''t
|-
|{{big|{{IPAlink|i}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ِي}}}}
|i, ī
|'''i'''t
|-
|{{big|{{IPAlink|o}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|و}}}}
|o
|'''o'''ld
|-
|{{big|{{IPAlink|ʊ}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ُ}}}}
|u
|r'''oo'''t
|-
|{{big|{{IPAlink|u}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ُو}}}}
|u, ū
|r'''oo'''t
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+[[Diphthongs]]s
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
![[Pashto alphabet|Letter]]
!Usual [[romanization]]
!English approximation
|-
|{{big|{{IPA|ai}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|َی}}}}
|ay
|'''i'''ce
|-
|{{big|{{IPA|ɑi}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|آی}}<br>{{lang|ps|َای}}}}
|āy
|'''i'''ce
|-
|{{big|{{IPA|əi}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ٙۍ}}<br>{{lang|ps|ٙئ}}}}
|əy
|pr'''i'''ce
|-
|{{big|{{IPA|aw}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|َو}}}}
|aw
|l'''ou'''d
|-
|{{big|{{IPA|ɑw}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|آو}}<br>{{lang|ps|َاو}}}}
|āw
|l'''ou'''d
|-
|{{big|{{IPA|oɪ}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|وی}}}}
|oy
|b'''oy'''
|-
|{{big|{{IPA|uɪ}}}}
|{{center|{{lang|ps|ُوی}}}}
|uy
|s'''wee'''t
|}
{| class="wikitable"
|+[[Stress (linguistics)|Stress]]
![[International Phonetic Alphabet|IPA]]
!Usual [[romanization]]
!English approximation
|-
|<big>{{IPAlink|ˈ}}</big>
|´
|a'''bout'''
|}
|}

== See also ==
* {{clc|Pages with Pashto IPA|pages}}

{{IPA keys}}