View source for 14 Herculis c

{{Short description|Extrasolar planet in the constellation Hercules}}
{{Infobox planet
| name                     = 14 Herculis c
| image                    = 
| image_size               = 
| image_alt                = 
| caption                  = 
<!-- DISCOVERY           -->
| discovery_ref            = <ref name="Gozdziewski2006"/><ref name=Rosenthal2021/>
| discoverer               = Goździewski et al.; Rosenthal et al.
| discovery_site           = United States
| discovered               = 17 November 2005 (candidate)<br>2 July 2021 (confirmed)
| discovery_method         = [[Doppler spectroscopy]]
<!-- DESIGNATIONS        -->
| extrasolarplanet         = yes
| pronounced               =  
| named_after              = 
| alt_names                = HD 145675 c
| adjectives               = 
<!-- ORBITAL             --> 
| orbit_ref                = <ref name="Benedict2023"/>
| epoch                    = 
| apsis                    = astron
| aphelion                 = 
| perihelion               = 
| semimajor                = {{val|27.4|16|7.9|ul=AU}}<ref name="Gagliuffi2021"/>
| eccentricity             = {{val|0.65|0.06}}
| period                   = {{val|52160|1028|ul=d}}<br>{{val|142.8|2.8|ul=yr}}
| synodic_period           = 
| avg_speed                = 
| mean_anomaly             = 
| mean_motion              = 
| inclination              = {{val|82|14|u=deg}}
| angular_dist             = 
| asc_node                 = {{val|224|9|u=deg}}
| time_periastron          = {{val|2451779|33|fmt=commas|ul=JD}}
| arg_peri                 = {{val|0|1|u=deg}}
| semi-amplitude           = {{val|50.8|0.4|ul=m/s}}
| satellites               = 
| star                     = [[14 Herculis]]
<!-- PHYS CHARS          --> 
| physical_ref             = <ref name="Benedict2023"/>
| mean_radius              = 
| flattening               = 
| surface_area             = 
| volume                   = 
| mass                     = {{val|7.1|1.0|0.6|ul=Jupiter mass}}
| density                  = 
| surface_grav             = 
| moment_of_inertia_factor = 
| escape_velocity          = 
| rotation                 = 
| sidereal_day             = 
| rot_velocity             = 
| axial_tilt               = 
| albedo                   = 
| single_temperature       = 
| spectral_type            = 
<!-- ATMOSPHERE          -->
<!-- NOTES               -->
}}
'''14 Herculis c''' or '''14 Her c''' is an [[exoplanet]] approximately 58.4 [[light-year]]s away in the [[constellation]] of [[Hercules (constellation)|Hercules]].  The planet was found orbiting the [[star]] [[14 Herculis]], with a mass that would make the planet a [[gas giant]] roughly the same size as [[Jupiter]] but much more massive. It was discovered on November 17, 2005 and published on November 2, 2006,<ref name="Gozdziewski2006"/> although its existence was not confirmed until 2021.<ref name=Rosenthal2021/>

According to a 2007 analysis, the existence of a second planet in the 14 Herculis system was "clearly" supported by the evidence, but the planet's parameters were not precisely known. It may be in a 4:1 [[orbital resonance|resonance]] with the inner planet [[14 Herculis b]].<ref name="wittenmyer"/>

The inclination and true mass of 14 Herculis c were measured in 2021, using data from ''[[Gaia (spacecraft)|Gaia]]'',<ref name="Gagliuffi2021"/> and refined by further [[astrometry|astrometric]] studies in 2022 and 2023.<ref name="Feng2022"/><ref name="Benedict2023"/> The inclination is 82°, corresponding to a true mass of {{Jupiter mass|7.1|link=y}}.<ref name="Benedict2023"/>

Direct imaging of 14 Herculis c with the [[James Webb Space Telescope]] is planned.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.stsci.edu/jwst/science-execution/program-information.html?id=3337 |title=Solving a Solar Neighborhood Crime Scene by Imaging 14 Her c |publisher=[[Space Telescope Science Institute|STScI]] |access-date=29 May 2023}}</ref>

== References ==
{{reflist|refs=

<ref name="Gozdziewski2006">{{cite journal |bibcode=2006ApJ...645..688G |author=Goździewski, K. |author2=Konacki, M. |author3=Maciejewski, A. J.|title=Orbital Configurations and Dynamical Stability of Multiplanet Systems around Sun-like Stars HD 202206, 14 Herculis, HD 37124, and HD 108874|journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]|volume=645|issue=1|pages=688–703|date=2006|doi=10.1086/504030|arxiv = astro-ph/0511463 |s2cid=15012577 |url=http://authors.library.caltech.edu/5547/1/GOZapj06.pdf}}</ref>

<ref name="wittenmyer">{{cite journal |bibcode=2007ApJ...654..625W |author=Wittenmyer, R. A. |author2=Endl, M. |author3=Cochran, W. D.|title=Long-Period Objects in the Extrasolar Planetary Systems 47 Ursae Majoris and 14 Herculis|journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal]]|volume=654|issue=1|pages=625–632|date=2007|doi=10.1086/509110|arxiv = astro-ph/0609117 |s2cid=14707902 }}</ref>

<ref name=Rosenthal2021>{{citation|arxiv=2105.11583|year=2021|title=The California Legacy Survey. I. A Catalog of 178 Planets from Precision Radial Velocity Monitoring of 719 Nearby Stars over Three Decades|doi=10.3847/1538-4365/abe23c |last1=Rosenthal |first1=Lee J. |last2=Fulton |first2=Benjamin J. |last3=Hirsch |first3=Lea A. |last4=Isaacson |first4=Howard T. |last5=Howard |first5=Andrew W. |last6=Dedrick |first6=Cayla M. |last7=Sherstyuk |first7=Ilya A. |last8=Blunt |first8=Sarah C. |last9=Petigura |first9=Erik A. |last10=Knutson |first10=Heather A. |last11=Behmard |first11=Aida |last12=Chontos |first12=Ashley |last13=Crepp |first13=Justin R. |last14=Crossfield |first14=Ian J. M. |last15=Dalba |first15=Paul A. |last16=Fischer |first16=Debra A. |last17=Henry |first17=Gregory W. |last18=Kane |first18=Stephen R. |last19=Kosiarek |first19=Molly |last20=Marcy |first20=Geoffrey W. |last21=Rubenzahl |first21=Ryan A. |last22=Weiss |first22=Lauren M. |last23=Wright |first23=Jason T. |journal=The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series |volume=255 |issue=1 |page=8 |bibcode=2021ApJS..255....8R |s2cid=235186973 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Gagliuffi2021">{{cite journal | last1=Bardalez Gagliuffi | first1=Daniella C. | last2=Faherty | first2=Jacqueline K. | last3=Li | first3=Yiting | last4=Brandt | first4=Timothy D. | last5=Williams | first5=Lauryn | last6=Brandt | first6=G. Mirek | last7=Gelino | first7=Christopher R. | display-authors=1 | title=14 Her: A Likely Case of Planet–Planet Scattering | journal=The Astrophysical Journal Letters | date=1 December 2021 | volume=922 | issue=2 | at=L43 | arxiv=2111.06004 | bibcode=2021ApJ...922L..43B | bibcode-access=free | doi=10.3847/2041-8213/ac382c | doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Feng2022">{{cite journal |last1=Feng |first1=Fabo |last2=Butler |first2=R. Paul |display-authors=etal |date=August 2022 |title=3D Selection of 167 Substellar Companions to Nearby Stars |journal=[[The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series]] |volume=262 |issue=21 |page=21 |doi=10.3847/1538-4365/ac7e57 |arxiv=2208.12720 |bibcode=2022ApJS..262...21F |s2cid=251864022 |doi-access=free }}</ref>

<ref name="Benedict2023">{{cite journal |last1=Benedict |first1=G. F. |last2=McArthur |first2=B. E. |display-authors=etal |date=May 2023 |title=The 14 Her Planetary System: Companion Masses and Architecture from Radial Velocities and Astrometry |journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]] |volume= 166|issue= 1|page=27 |doi= 10.3847/1538-3881/acd93a|arxiv=2305.11753 |bibcode=2023AJ....166...27B |doi-access=free }}</ref>

}}

== External links ==
* {{cite web |url=https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/14_her_c--309/ |title=Notes for Planet 14 Her c |author=Jean Schneider |date=2011 |work=[[Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia]] |access-date=30 September 2011}}
* {{cite web |url=http://www.solstation.com/stars2/14her.htm |title=14 Herculis |accessdate=2008-06-25 |work=SolStation| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20080719164703/http://www.solstation.com/stars2/14her.htm| archivedate= 19 July 2008 <!--Added by DASHBot-->}}

{{14 Herculis}}

{{Sky|16|10|23.59|+|43|49|18.2|59}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:14 Herculis c}}
[[Category:Hercules (constellation)]]
[[Category:Giant planets]]
[[Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2005]]
[[Category:Exoplanets detected by radial velocity]]
[[Category:Exoplanets detected by astrometry]]

{{extrasolar-planet-stub}}