View source for Cerro Azul Formation

{{Infobox rockunit
| name           = Cerro Azul Formation
| image          = Features of fossil burrow fills - Cerro Azul Formation.png
| caption        = Fossil burrow fills in the Cerro Azul Formation
| type           = [[Geological formation]]
| period         = Tortonian
| age            = [[Tortonian]] ([[Huayquerian]])<br>~{{fossil range|10|5.7}}
| prilithology   = [[Siltstone]], [[sandstone]]
| otherlithology = [[Conglomerate (geology)|Conglomerate]]
| namedfor       = Cerro Azul, [[Epecuén Lake]]
| namedby        = Linares et al.
| year_ts        = 1980
| location       = 
| region         = [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]] & [[La Pampa Province]]s
| country        = Argentina
| coordinates    = {{coord|35.7|S|64.7|W|display=inline,title}}
| paleocoordinates = {{coord|35.9|S|62.7|W|display=inline}}
| unitof         = 
| subunits       = 
| underlies      = ''[[alluvium]]''
| overlies       = [[Arroyo Chasicó Formation]] or<br>Crystalline [[basement (geology)|basement]]
| thickness      = {{convert|54|m|ft|abbr=on}} (outcrop)<br>{{convert|180|m|ft|abbr=on}} (subsurface)
| extent         = [[Colorado Basin, Argentina|Colorado Basin]]
| area           = 
| map            = Cerro Azul Formation outcrop map.png
| map_caption    = Outcrop map of the Cerro Azul Formation
}}
The '''Cerro Azul Formation''' ({{lang-es|Formación Cerro Azul}}), also described as '''Epecuén Formation''', is a [[formation (geology)|geological formation]] of [[Late Miocene]] ([[Tortonian]], or [[Huayquerian]] in the [[South American land mammal age|SALMA classification]]) age in the [[Colorado Basin, Argentina|Colorado Basin]] of the [[Buenos Aires Province|Buenos Aires]] and [[La Pampa Province]]s in northeastern [[Argentina]].<ref name=PBDB>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayStrata?geological_group=&formation=Cerro%20Azul&group_formation_member=Cerro%20Azul Cerro Azul Formation] in the [[Paleobiology Database]]</ref><ref name=PBDBEpecuen>[https://paleobiodb.org/classic/displayStrata?geological_group=&formation=Epecu%C3%A9n&group_formation_member=Epecu%C3%A9n Epecuén Formation] in the [[Paleobiology Database]]</ref>

The [[fluvial]] and [[aeolian processes|aeolian]] [[siltstone]]s, [[sandstone]]s and [[tuff]]s of the formation contain many mammals, such as ''[[Thylacosmilus]]'' and ''[[Macrauchenia]]'', reptiles, amphibians and fossils of [[terror bird]]s as well as ''[[Argentavis]]'', the largest flying bird ever discovered.

== Description ==
[[File:Cerro Azul Formation sedimentary logs.png|thumb|right|250px|Sedimentary logs of the Cerro Azul Formation]]
The Cerro Azul Formation [[outcrop|crops out]] in patches in the southwestern Buenos Aires Province and southeastern Pampa Province. The Epecuén Formation has been correlated to the Cerro Azul Formation in the early 2000s. The Cerro Azul and Epecuén Formations were named after the Cerro Azul ("Blue Hill") and [[Epecuén Lake]] where the formation crops out.<ref name=Visconti2010-p259>Visconti et al., 2010, p.259</ref> The formation overlies crystalline [[basement (geology)|basement]] or the [[Arroyo Chasicó Formation]].<ref name=Visconti2010-p262>Visconti et al., 2010, p.262</ref> The mammal assemblage of the Cerro Azul-Epecuén unit is the most diverse for the [[Huayquerian]] [[Late Miocene]] age, possibly ranging into the [[Pliocene]].<ref name=Carrillo2015-p5>Carrillo et al., 2015, p.5</ref> The formation is considered contemporaneous with the [[Río Negro Formation, Argentina|Río Negro Formation]] of the Colorado Basin.<ref name=Perez2012-p11>Pérez, 2012, p.11</ref><ref name=Visconti2010-p258>Visconti et al., 2010, p.258</ref>

The unit is characterized by a monotonous succession of loess containing moderately developed [[paleosol]]s. In particular, the formation is considered as representing the interval between 10 and 5.7 Ma. The maximum exposed thickness in outcrop is {{convert|54|m|ft}}, although the unit reaches about {{convert|180|m|ft}} in the subsurface.<ref name=Cardonatto2018-p2>Cardonatto & Melchor, 2018, p.2</ref>

The Cerro Azul Formation deposits were described by Linares et al. in 1980.<ref name=Visconti2010-p259/> They are discontinuous along the whole occupied area in the provinces of La Pampa and Buenos Aires. They are composed of silts, sandy silts and very thin silty sands, reddish and brown colored, with a homogeneous and compact general aspect, and frequent carbonate nodules and evidences of pedogenic processes. Visconti et al. (2010) interpreted them as eolian deposits characterized by loessic materials, with a high percentage of lithic fragments and volcaniclastic sediments.<ref name=Caleufu>[http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=collectionSearch&collection_no=141939 Caleufú] at [[Fossilworks]].org</ref>

The sediments and their fauna belong to a sedimentary and faunal cycle, which followed the withdrawal (around 10 Ma) of a widespread marine transgression that extended from central Argentina, to western Uruguay and southern Paraguay and Brazil, the "Paraná Sea" or ''mar paranense'' in Spanish.<ref name=VerziMontalvo2008-p285>Verzi & Montalvo, 2008, p.285</ref>

Large cylindrical sediment-filled structures, 115 of which interpreted as mammal burrows occur within the loess-paleosol sequence of the formation.<ref name=Cardonatto2018-p1>Cardonatto & Melchor, 2018, p.1</ref>

== Fossil content ==
The following fossils have been recovered from the formation:<ref name=PBDB/>

Locations:
;La Pampa
{{div col|colwidth=29em}}
* Barrancas Coloradas - Cerro Azul Formation - La Pampa
* Caleufú - Cerro Azul Formation - La Pampa
* Cerro El Chancho - Cerro Azul Formation - La Pampa
* Cerro Patagua - Cerro Azul Formation - La Pampa
* Estancia Don Mariano - Cerro Azul Formation - La Pampa
* Estancia El Recado - Cerro Azul Formation - La Pampa
* Estancia Ré - Cerro Azul Formation - La Pampa
* El Guanaco - Cerro Azul Formation - La Pampa
* Huayquerías de San Carlos - Cerro Azul Formation - La Pampa
* Laguna Chillhué - Cerro Azul Formation - La Pampa
* Laguna Guatraché - Cerro Azul Formation - La Pampa
* Quehué - Cerro Azul Formation - La Pampa
* Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo - Cerro Azul Formation - La Pampa
* Telen - Cerro Azul Formation - La Pampa
{{div col end}}

;Buenos Aires
{{div col|colwidth=29em}}
* Bajo Giuliani - Cerro Azul Formation - Buenos Aires
* Barrancas de Sarmiento - Cerro Azul Formation - Buenos Aires
* Eduardo Castex - Cerro Azul Formation - Buenos Aires
* Estancia los Médanos - Cerro Azul Formation - Buenos Aires
* Estancia Quiñi-Malal - Cerro Azul Formation - Buenos Aires
* Grünbein Cantera Seminario - Cerro Azul Formation - Buenos Aires
* Grünbein Cantera Seminario Level 2 - Cerro Azul Formation - Buenos Aires
* Laguna Epecuén - Cerro Azul Formation - Buenos Aires
* Laguna La Paraguaya - Cerro Azul Formation - Buenos Aires
* Puesto Colorado - Cerro Azul Formation - Buenos Aires
* Ruta 14 - Cerro Azul Formation - Buenos Aires
* Arroyo Guaminí - Epecuén Formation - Buenos Aires
* Carhué - Epecuén Formation - Buenos Aires
* Laguna de los Paraguayos - Epecuén Formation - Buenos Aires
* Robilote Field - SE of Epecuén lagoon & E of Laguna de Epecuén - Epecuén Formation - Buenos Aires
* Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo - Epecuén Formation - Buenos Aires
{{div col end}}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Group !! Clade !! Taxa !! Location !! Images !! Notes
|-
| rowspan=114 | Mammals || rowspan=3 | [[Carnivora]] || ''[[Cyonasua|Cyonasua brevirostris]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/>
|-
| ''[[Cyonasua|C. prebrevirostris]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/>
|-
| ''[[Cyonasua|Cyonasua sp.]]'' || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| rowspan=3 | [[Sparassodonta]] || ''[[Borhyaenidium|Borhyaenidium musteloides]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/>
|-
| ''[[Thylacosmilus|Thylacosmilus atrox]]'' || El Guanaco<br>Quehué<br>Salinas de Hidalgo || [[File:Thylacosmilus 3D model.jpg|center|150px]] || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Goin2000/>
|-
| [[Borhyaenidae|Borhyaenidae indet.]] || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| rowspan=35 | [[Rodent]]s || ''[[Abrocoma antiqua]]'' || Estancia Ré ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2016>Montalvo et al., 2016</ref>
|-
| ''[[Cardiatherium|Cardiatherium aff. orientalis]]'' || Laguna Chillhué<br>Laguna Guatraché ||   || align=center | <ref name=Vucetich2014>Vucetich et al., 2014</ref>
|-
| ''[[Chasichimys|Chasichimys bonaerense]]'' || Cerro Patagua ||   || align=center | <ref name=Verzi1999>Verzi, 1999</ref>
|-
| ''[[Chasichimys|C. scagliai]]'' || Laguna Chillhué ||   || align=center | <ref name=Verzi1999/>
|-
| ''[[Neocavia pampeana]]'' || Estancia El Recado ||   || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2003>Montalvo & Rocha, 2003</ref>
|-
| ''[[Lagostomus pretrichodactyla]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/>
|-
| ''[[Neophanomys|Neophanomys pristinus]]'' || Estancia Don Mariano<br>Quehué ||  || align=center | <ref name=Verzi2011>Verzi et al., 2011</ref>
|-
| ''[[Palaeoctodon|Palaeoctodon aff. simplicidens]]'' || Bajo Giuliani ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo1988>Montalvo & Casadio, 1988</ref><ref name=Verzi2008/>
|-
| ''[[Pampamys|Pampamys emmonsae]]'' || Laguna Chillhué<br>Bajo Giuliani<br>Estancia Ré ||  || align=center | <ref name=Verzi2008>Verzi et al., 2008</ref><ref name=Verzi1995>Verzi et al., 1995</ref>
|-
| ''[[Phtoramys|Phtoramys hidalguense]]'' || Barrancas Coloradas<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Verzi2008/><ref name=Pascual1965>Pascual et al., 1965</ref>
|-
| ''[[Proctenomys|Proctenomys simpsoni]]'' || El Guanaco<br>Barrancas Coloradas ||  || align=center | <ref name=Verzi1991>Verzi et al., 1991</ref>
|-
| ''[[Reigechimys|Reigechimys octodontiformis]]'' || Bajo Giuliani<br>Estancia Ré ||  || align=center | <ref name=Sostillo2014/>
|-
| ''[[Reigechimys|R. plesiodon]]'' || Laguna Chillhué ||  || align=center | <ref name=Verzi1994>Verzi et al., 1994</ref>
|-
| ''[[Reigechimys|R. simplex]]'' || Bajo Giuliani ||  || align=center | <ref name=Sostillo2014>Sostillo et al., 2014</ref>
|-
| ''[[Tetrastylus|Tetrastylus araucanus]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/>
|-
| ''[[Theridomysops|Theridomysops parvulus]]'' || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Xenodontomys|Xenodontomys ellipticus]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Seminario<br>Barrancas de Sarmiento ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005>Deschamps, 2005</ref>
|-
| ''[[Phtoramys|Phtoramys cf. hidalguense]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Seminario ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005/>
|-
| ''[[Cardiomys|Cardiomys sp.]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/>
|-
| ''[[Chasichimys|Chasichimys sp.]]'' || Bajo Giuliani ||   || align=center | <ref name=Verzi1999>Verzi, 1999</ref>
|-
| ''[[Dolicavia|Dolicavia sp.]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Seminario ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005/>
|-
| ''[[Lagostomus|Lagostomus (Lagostomopsis) sp.]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Seminario<br>Barrancas de Sarmiento<br>Estancia Ré<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Montalvo2016/><ref name=Deschamps2005/>
|-
| ''[[Neocavia|Neocavia sp.]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Seminario ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005/>
|-
| ''[[Neophanomys|Neophanomys sp.]]'' || Estancia Ré ||  || align=center | <ref name="Cerdeño2017"/>
|-
| ''[[Orthomyctera|Orthomyctera sp.]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Seminario<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005/><ref name=Vizcaino1999/>
|-
| ''[[Palaeocavia|Palaeocavia sp.]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Seminario<br>Barrancas de Sarmiento<br>Estancia Ré ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Montalvo2016/><ref name=Deschamps2005/>
|-
| ''[[Phtoramys|Phtoramys sp.]]'' || Estancia Ré ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2016/>
|-
| ''[[Protabrocoma|Protabrocoma sp.]]'' || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Tetrastylus|Tetrastylus sp.]]'' || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Clyomys|aff. Clyomys sp.]]'' || Barrancas Coloradas ||   || align=center | <ref name=Verzi2008/>
|-
| [[Caviidae|Caviidae indet.]] || Barrancas de Sarmiento ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005/>
|-
| [[Ctenomyidae|Ctenomyidae indet.]] || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| [[Echimyidae|Echimyidae indet.]] || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| [[Hydrochoeridae|Hydrochoeridae indet.]] || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Goin2000/>
|-
| [[Octodontoidea|Octodontoidea indet.]] || Estancia Ré ||  || align=center | <ref name="Cerdeño2017">Cerdeño et al., 2017</ref>
|-
| rowspan=17 | [[Xenarthra]] || ''[[Aspidocalyptus|Aspidocalyptus castroi]]'' || Robilote Field<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Cabrera1939>Cabrera, 1939</ref>
|-
| ''[[Coscinocercus|Coscinocercus brachyurus]]'' || Robilote Field<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Cabrera1939/>
|-
| ''[[Coscinocercus|C. marcalaini]]'' || Robilote Field<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Cabrera1939/>
|-
| ''[[Hoplophractus|Hoplophractus tapinocefalus]]'' || Laguna de los Paraguayos<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Zurita2007>Zurita & Aramayo, 2007</ref>
|-
| ''[[Plohophorus|Plohophorus araucanus]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/>
|-
| ''[[Proscelidodon|Proscelidodon gracillimus]]'' || Estancia Don Mariano<br>Huayquerías de San Carlos<br>Laguna Epecuén<br>Bajo Giuliani<br>Laguna Chillhué<br>Loventué<br>Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo<br>Quehué<br>Barrancas Coloradas<br>Estancia Ré<br>Arroyo Guaminí<br>Laguna de los Paraguayos<br>Carhué ||   || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2020>Montalvo et al., 2020</ref><ref name=Rovereto1914>Rovereto, 1914</ref><br><ref name=Goin1997>Goin, 1997</ref><ref name=Ortega1967>Ortega, 1967</ref>
|-
| ''[[Aspidocalyptus|Aspidocalyptus sp.]]'' || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Coscinocercus|Coscinocercus sp.]]'' || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Eosclerocalyptus|Eosclerocalyptus sp.]]'' || Laguna La Paraguaya || [[File:Eosclerocalyptus sp. found inside a burrow fill - Cerro Azul Formation.png|center|150px]] || align=center | <ref name=Cardonatto2018-p16/>
|-
| ''[[Eumysops|Eumysops sp.]]'' || Laguna Chillhué ||   || align=center | <ref name=Verzi2008/>
|-
| ''[[Hoplophorus|Hoplophorus sp.]]'' || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Hoplophractus|Hoplophractus sp.]]'' || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Plesiomegatherium|Plesiomegatherium sp.]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/>
|-
| ''[[Aspidocalyptus|cf. Aspidocalyptus sp.]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Relleno Sanitario Level 2 ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005/>
|-
| ''[[Pseudoplohophorus|cf. Pseudoplohophorus sp.]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Relleno Sanitario Level 2 ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005/>
|-
| [[Glyptodontidae|Glyptodontidae indet.]] || Laguna La Paraguaya<br>Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Cardonatto2018-p16/>
|-
| [[Mylodontidae|Mylodontidae indet.]] || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| rowspan=19 | [[Cingulata]] || ''[[Chasicotatus|Chasicotatus ameghinoi]]'' || Laguna Chillhué<br>Estancia Don Mariano<br>Cerro Patagua<br>Cerro El Chancho<br>Cerro de los Guanacos<br>Puesto Colorado<br>Estancia Quiñi-Malal<br>Bajo Giuliani<br>El Guanaco<br>Telen<br>El Recado<br>Laguna Guatraché<br>Loventué<br>Quehué<br>Barrancas Coloradas<br>Estancia Ré<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||   || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/><ref name=Urrutia2008>Urrutia et al., 2008</ref><br><ref name=Esteban2000>Esteban et al., 2000</ref><ref name=Esteban2003/>
|-
| ''[[Chasicotatus|Chasicotatus cf. peiranoi]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Relleno Sanitario Level 2 ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005/>
|-
| ''[[Chorobates (genus)|Chorobates villosissimus]]'' || Laguna Chillhué<br>Estancia Don Mariano<br>Grünbein Cantera Relleno Sanitario Level 2<br>Puesto Colorado<br>Ruta 14<br>Estancia Quiñi-Malal<br>El Guanaco<br>Telen<br>El Recado<br>Loventué<br>Quehué<br>Estancia Ré<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||   || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Deschamps2005/><ref name=Urrutia2008/><br><ref name=Esteban2000/><ref name=Esteban2003/>
|-
| ''[[Doellotatus|Doellotatus chapadmalensis]]'' || El Recado<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Esteban2003>Esteban et al., 2003</ref>
|-
| ''[[Doellotatus|D. inornatus]]'' || Laguna Chillhué<br>Estancia Don Mariano<br>Grünbein Cantera Seminario<br>Puesto Colorado<br>Ruta 14<br>El Guanaco<br>El Recado<br>Laguna Guatraché<br>Loventué<br>Quehué<br>Barrancas Coloradas<br>Estancia Ré<br>Telén<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||   || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Deschamps2005/><br><ref name=Urrutia2008/><ref name=Esteban2000/><br><ref name=Esteban2003/><ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Doellotatus|D. cf. praecursor]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Seminario ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005/>
|-
| ''[[Macrochorobates|Macrochorobates chapalmalensis]]'' || El Guanaco<br>Barrancas Coloradas ||   || align=center | <ref name=Urrutia2008/>
|-
| ''[[Macrochorobates|M. scalabrinii]]'' || Laguna Chillhué<br>Estancia Don Mariano<br>Telen<br>Loventué<br>Quehué<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||   || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Urrutia2008/><br><ref name=Esteban2000/><ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Macroeuphractus|Macroeuphractus morenoi]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Relleno Sanitario Level 2<br>Puesto Colorado<br>Laguna Chillhué<br>Telen<br>El Recado<br>Laguna Guatraché<br>Loventué<br>Quehué<br>Barrancas Coloradas<br>Estancia Ré<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Deschamps2005/><br><ref name=Urrutia2008/><ref name=Esteban2000/><br><ref name=Esteban2003/><ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Macroeuphractus|M. retusus]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/>
|-
| ''[[Proeuphractus|Proeuphractus limpidus]]'' || Laguna Chillhué<br>Telén ||   || align=center | <ref name=Urrutia2008/><ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Vetelia|Vetelia perforata]]'' || Cerro Patagua<br>Cerro de los Guanacos<br>Telén ||   || align=center | <ref name=Urrutia2008/><ref name=Esteban2000/><ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Pichi|Zaedyus pichiy]]'' || Laguna Chillhué<br>Telen<br>Quehué || [[File:Zaedyus pichiy - Museo Civico di Storia Naturale Giacomo Doria - Genoa, Italy - DSC03056.JPG|center|150px]] || align=center | <ref name=Esteban2000/>
|-
| ''[[Chasicotatus|Chasicotatus sp.]]'' || El Recado ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005/><ref name=Esteban2003/>
|-
| ''[[Chorobates (genus)|Chorobates sp.]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Seminario ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005/>
|-
| ''[[Doellotatus|Doellotatus sp.]]'' || Laguna La Paraguaya ||  || align=center | <ref name=Esteban2003/>
|-
| ''[[Macrochorobates|Macrochorobates sp.]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Relleno Sanitario Level 2<br>El Recado ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005/><ref name=Esteban2003/>
|-
| ''[[Paleuphractus|Paleuphractus sp.]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo ||   || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/>
|-
| ''[[Proeuphractus|Proeuphractus sp.]]'' || Laguna Chillhué<br>Cerro Patagua<br>Telen<br>El Recado<br>Laguna Guatraché<br>Quehué<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||   || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Urrutia2008/><br><ref name=Esteban2000/><ref name=Esteban2003/><br><ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| rowspan=11 | [[Didelphimorphia]] || ''[[Hyperdidelphys|Hyperdidelphys pattersoni]]'' || El Guanaco<br>Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Goin2000/><ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Thylamys pinei]]'' || Laguna Chillhué ||   || align=center | <ref name=Verzi2008/>
|-
| ''[[Thylamys zetti|T. zetti]]'' || Estancia Ré<br>Arroyo Guaminí ||   || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2016/><ref name=Goin1997/>
|-
| ''[[Thylatheridium|Thylatheridium dolgopolae]]'' || El Guanaco<br>Quehué<br>Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Goin1988>Goin & Montalvo, 1988</ref><ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Thylatheridium|T. hudsoni]]'' || Bajo Giuliani<br>Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Goin2000/><ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Zygolestes|Zygolestes tatei]]'' || Bajo Giuliani ||  || align=center | <ref name=Goin2000/><ref name=Verzi2008/>
|-
| ''[[Hyperdidelphys|Hyperdidelphys sp.]]'' || Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Goin1996>Goin & Pardiñas, 1996</ref>
|-
| ''[[Thylatheridium sp.]]'' || Estancia Ré<br>Telén ||   || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2016/><ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| [[Didelphinae|Didelphinae indet.]] || Telén ||   || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Lutreolina|Lutreolina sp.]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/>
|-
| [[Sparassocynidae|Sparassocynidae indet.]] || Telen ||  || align=center | <ref name=Goin2000/><ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| rowspan=11 | [[Ungulate]]s || ''[[Diplasiotherium|Diplasiotherium pampa]]'' || Bajo Giuliani<br>Laguna Chillhué<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Schmidt2018>Schmidt et al., 2018</ref>
|-
| ''[[Eoauchenia|Eoauchenia cingulata]]'' || Robilote Field<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Cabrera1939/>
|-
| ''[[Eoauchenia|E. primitiva]]'' || El Guanaco ||  || align=center | <ref name=Schmidt2018/>
|-
| ''[[Epecuenia|Epecuenia thoatherioides]]'' || Robilote Field<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Cabrera1939/>
|-
| ''[[Huayqueriana|Huayqueriana cristata]]'' || Robilote Field ||  || align=center | <ref name=Cabrera1939/>
|-
| ''[[Macrauchenia|Macrauchenia latidens]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo || [[File:Macrauchenia (reconstruction).jpg|center|150px]] || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/>
|-
| ''[[Brachytherium|cf. Brachytherium cuspidatum]]'' || Telén<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| ''[[Neobrachytherium|Neobrachytherium sp.]]'' || Bajo Giuliani<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Schmidt2018/>
|-
| ''[[Promacrauchenia|Promacrauchenia sp.]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Relleno Sanitario Level 2<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Deschamps2005/>
|-
| [[Proterotheriidae|Proterotheriidae indet.]] || Bajo Giuliani<br>Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Schmidt2018/><ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| [[Litopterna|Litopterna indet.]] || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| rowspan=12 | [[Notoungulata]] || ''[[Hemihegetotherium|Hemihegetotherium achataleptum]]'' || Cerro Patagua<br>Eduardo Castex<br>Cerro de los Guanacos<br>Puesto Colorado<br>Bajo Giuliani<br>Laguna Chillhué<br>Loventué<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||   || align=center | <ref name=Cerdeno2002>Cerdeño & Montalvo, 2002</ref><ref name=Esteban2000/><br><ref name=Urrutia2008/><ref name=Sostillo2018/>
|-
| ''[[Hemihegetotherium|H. lazai]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/>
|-
| ''[[Paedotherium|Paedotherium bonaerense]]'' || Barrancas de Sarmiento ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005/>
|-
| ''[[Paedotherium|Paedotherium minor]]'' || Laguna La Paraguaya<br>Estancia Ré<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Cardonatto2018-p16/>
|-
| ''[[Paedotherium|Paedotherium cf. minor]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Seminario ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005/>
|-
| ''[[Pisanodon|Pisanodon nazari]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/>
|-
| ''[[Pseudotypotherium|Pseudotypotherium carhuense]]'' || Robilote Field<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999/><ref name=Cabrera1939/>
|-
| ''[[Tremacyllus|Tremacyllus impressus]]'' || Grünbein Cantera Seminario<br>Bajo Giuliani<br>Laguna Chillhué<br>Salinas Grandes de Hidalgo<br>Quehué<br>Barrancas Coloradas ||  || align=center | <ref name=Deschamps2005/><ref name=Sostillo2018>Sostillo et al., 2018</ref>
|-
| ''[[Typotheriodon|Typotheriodon grandis]]'' || Robilote Field ||  || align=center | <ref name=Cabrera1939/>
|-
| ''[[Typotheriopsis|Typotheriopsis minimus]]'' || Robilote Field ||  || align=center | <ref name=Cabrera1939/>
|-
| ''[[Paedotherium|Paedotherium sp.]]'' || Bajo Giuliani<br>Laguna Chillhué<br>Estancia Ré ||  || align=center | <ref name=Cerdeño2017>Cerdeño et al., 2017</ref>
|-
| [[Mesotheriinae|Mesotheriinae indet.]] || Laguna La Paraguaya<br>Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/><ref name=Cardonatto2018-p16>Cardonatto & Melchor, 2018, p.16</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Polydolopimorphia]] || ''[[Argyrolagus|Argyrolagus rusconii]]'' || Bajo Giuliani<br>El Guanaco<br>Barrancas Coloradas ||  || align=center | <ref name=Goin2000>Goin et al., 2000</ref> 
|-
| [[Argyrolagidae|Argyrolagidae indet.]] || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| [[Paucituberculata]] || ''[[Pliolestes|Pliolestes venetus]]'' || Bajo Giuliani<br>Laguna Chillhué ||  || align=center | <ref name=Goin2000/>
|-
| rowspan=7 | Birds || rowspan=3 | [[Phorusrhacidae]] || ''[[Devincenzia|Devincenzia pozzi]]'' || Carhué ||  || align=center | <ref name=Cenizo2012/>
|-
| ''[[Procariama|Procariama simplex]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo || [[File:Procariama.jpg|center|150px]] || align=center | <ref name=Vezzosi2012>Vezzosi, 2012</ref>
|-
| Phorusrhacidae indet. || Laguna Guatraché<br>Carhué ||  || align=center | <ref name=Cenizo2012/>
|-
| [[Cathartidae]] || ''[[Argentavis|Argentavis magnificens]]''|| Carhué || [[File:Argentavis magnificens.JPG|center|150px]] || align=center | <ref name=Vizcaino1999>Vizcaino & Fariña, 1999</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Tinamiformes]] || ''[[Eudromia|Eudromia sp.]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Cenizo2012/>
|-
| ''[[Nothura|Nothura sp.]]'' || Bajo Giuliani<br>El Guanaco<br>Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Cenizo2012>Cenizo et al., 2012</ref>
|-
| [[Rheidae]] || ''[[Rhea (bird)|Rhea sp.]]'' || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=Cenizo2012/>
|-
| rowspan=3 | [[Reptile]]s || [[Squamata]] || ''[[Tupinambis|Tupinambis sp.]]'' || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008>Montalvo et al., 2008</ref>
|-
| rowspan=2 | [[Testudines]] || [[Chelidae|Chelidae indet.]] || Telén ||  || align=center | <ref name=Montalvo2008/>
|-
| [[Testudinidae|Testudinidae indet.]] || Salinas de Hidalgo ||  || align=center | <ref name=DeLaFuente2018>De la Fuente et al., 2018</ref>
|-
| [[Amphibian]]s || [[Ceratophrynidae]] || ''[[Lepidobatrachus|Lepidobatrachus sp.]]'' || Quehué ||  || align=center | <ref name=Nicoli2017>Nicoli, 2017</ref>
|-
|}

== SALMA correlations ==
{| class="wikitable" style="font-size: 70%"
|+ [[Huayquerian]] correlations in [[South American land mammal age|South America]]
|-
! Formation !! Cerro Azul !! [[Ituzaingó Formation|Ituzaingó]] !! [[Paraná Formation|Paraná]] !! [[Camacho Formation|Camacho]] !! [[Raigón Formation|Raigón]] !! [[Andalhuala Formation|Andalhuala]] !! [[Chiquimil Formation|Chiquimil]] !! [[Las Flores Formation, Sierra del Tontal|Las Flores]] !! [[Maimará Formation|Maimará]] !! [[Palo Pintado Formation|Palo]] !! [[Pebas Formation|Pebas]] !! [[Muyu Huasi Formation|Muyu]] !! [[Rosa Pata Formation|Rosa]] !! [[Saldungaray Formation|Saldungaray]] !! [[Salicas Formation|Salicas]] !! [[Urumaco Formation|Urumaco]] !! Map
|-
! Basin !! [[Colorado Basin, Argentina|Colorado]] !! colspan=4 | [[Paraná Basin|Paraná]] !! colspan=2 | [[Santa María-Hualfín Basin|Hualfín]] !! [[Sierra del Tontal|Tontal]] !! [[Eastern Argentinian Andes|Andes]] !! [[Salta Basin|Salta]] !! [[Amazon Basin|Amazon]] !! [[Muyu Huasi Basin|Huasi]] !! [[Altiplano Basin|Altiplano]] !! [[Buenos Aires Province|BA]] !! [[Sierra de Velasco|Velasco]] !! [[Falcón Basin|Falcón]] !! align=center rowspan=17 | {{Location map+ | South America
| relief = 1
| width   = 220
| float = center
| places  =
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -34.7
  | lon_deg = -56.8
  | mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Camacho Formation
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -37.3
  | lon_deg = -64.2
  | mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
  | marksize = 14
  | link = Cerro Azul Formation
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -26.8
  | lon_deg = -66.1
  | mark = Dark Green 004040 pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Chiquimil Formation
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -31.1
  | lon_deg = -69.6
  | mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Las Flores Formation, Sierra del Tontal
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -31.7
  | lon_deg = -60.4
  | mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Ituzaingó Formation
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -23.4
  | lon_deg = -65.8
  | mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Maimará Formation
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -19.0
  | lon_deg = -65.3
  | mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Muyu Huasi Formation
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -25.7
  | lon_deg = -66.1
  | mark = Dark Green 004040 pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Palo Pintado Formation
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -33.7
  | lon_deg = -59.3
  | mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Paraná Formation
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -7.4
  | lon_deg = -75.0
  | mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Pebas Formation
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -34.6
  | lon_deg = -57.0
  | mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Raigón Formation
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -35.7
  | lon_deg = -64.7
  | mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Saldungaray Formation
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -28.3
  | lon_deg = -67.0
  | mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Salicas Formation
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = 11.2
  | lon_deg = -70.0
  | mark = Yellow ffff00 pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Urumaco Formation
  }}
  {{Location map~ | South America
  | lat_deg = -26.7
  | lon_deg = -66.0
  | mark = Pink ff0080 pog.svg
  | marksize = 10
  | link = Andalhuala Formation
  }}
}}
|-
! {{small|Country}} !! colspan=3 | {{small|{{ARG}}}} !! colspan=2 | {{small|{{URU}}}} !! colspan=5 | {{small|{{ARG}}}} !! {{small|{{BRA}}}}<br>{{small|{{PER}}}} !! colspan=2 | {{small|{{BOL}}}} !! colspan=2 | {{small|{{ARG}}}} !! {{small|{{VEN}}}}
|-
| ''[[Cardiatherium]]'' || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]]
|-
| ''[[Lagostomus]]'' || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || 
|-
| ''[[Macroeuphractus]]'' || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || 
|-
| ''[[Proeuphractus]]'' || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center | 
|-
| ''[[Pronothrotherium]]'' || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | 
|-
| ''[[Pseudotypotherium]]'' || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center | 
|-
| ''[[Thylacosmilus]]'' || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || 
|-
| ''[[Xotodon]]'' || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | 
|-
| [[Macraucheniidae]] || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center | [[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|14px]] || align=center |  || align=center | 
|-
| [[List of fossil primates of South America|Primates]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Brown pog.svg|10px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | 
|-
| [[Rodent]]s || align=center | [[File:Steel pog.svg|10px]] || align=center | [[File:Steel pog.svg|10px]] || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Steel pog.svg|10px]] || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Steel pog.svg|10px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Steel pog.svg|10px]] || align=center | [[File:Steel pog.svg|10px]] || align=center | [[File:Steel pog.svg|10px]] || align=center | [[File:Steel pog.svg|10px]] || align=center | [[File:Steel pog.svg|10px]] || align=center | [[File:Steel pog.svg|10px]] || align=center | [[File:Steel pog.svg|10px]]
|-
| [[Reptile]]s || align=center | [[File:SpringGreen pog.svg|10px]] || align=center | [[File:SpringGreen pog.svg|10px]] || align=center | [[File:SpringGreen pog.svg|10px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:SpringGreen pog.svg|10px]] || align=center | [[File:SpringGreen pog.svg|10px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:SpringGreen pog.svg|10px]]
|-
| [[Bird]]s || align=center | [[File:White pog.svg|10px]] || align=center | [[File:White pog.svg|10px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:White pog.svg|10px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:White pog.svg|10px]] ||  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | 
|-
| [[Terror bird]]s || align=center | [[File:Red pog.svg|10px]] || align=center | [[File:Red pog.svg|10px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  ||  align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Red pog.svg|10px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | 
|-
| [[Flora]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Green pog.svg|10px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | [[File:Green pog.svg|10px]] || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center |  || align=center | 
|-
! [[Depositional environment|Environments]] !! Aeolian-fluvial !! colspan=3 | Fluvio-deltaic !! colspan=6 | Fluvial !! Fluvio-lacustrine !! colspan=3 | Fluvial !! Fluvio-lacustrine !! Fluvio-deltaic !! rowspan=2 align=left | {{left|[[File:Pink ff0080 pog.svg|8px]] Huayquerian volcanoclastics}}<br>{{left|[[File:Yellow ffff00 pog.svg|8px]] Huayquerian fauna}}<br>{{left|[[File:Dark Green 004040 pog.svg|8px]] Huayquerian flora}}
|-
! Volcanic !! colspan=5 |  !! Yes !! colspan=10 | 
|-
|}

== See also ==
{{div col|colwidth=29em}}
* [[South American land mammal age]]s
* [[Honda Group, Colombia|Honda Group]]
* [[Ituzaingó Formation]]
* [[Pebas Formation]]
* [[Urumaco]]
{{div col end}}

== References ==
{{reflist|20em}}

=== Bibliography ===
{{commons category}}
<!--most recent first-->
;Geology
* {{citation |last=Pérez |first=Mariano |year=2012 |title=Análisis paleoambiental del miembro superior de la Formación Río Negro (Mioceno-Plioceno de Patagonia septentrional): un ejemplo de interacción fluvio-eólica compleja (BSc. thesis) |url=http://www.biblioteca.unlpam.edu.ar/rdata/tesis/x_perana770.pdf |publisher=[[National University of La Pampa|Universidad Nacional de La Pampa]] |pages=1–47 |accessdate=2018-09-10}}
* {{citation |last1=Visconti |first1=Graciela |first2=Ricardo N. |last2=Melchor |first3=Claudia I. |last3=Montalvo |first4=Aldo M. |last4=Umazano |first5=Elena E. |last5=De Elorriaga |year=2010 |title=Anáisis litoestratigráfico de la Formación Cerro Azul (Mioceno Superior) de la Provincia de La Pampa |journal=[[Revista de la Asociación Geológica Argentina]] |volume=67 |pages=257–265}}

;Paleontology
* {{citation |last1=Montalvo |first1=C. I. |first2=A. R. |last2=Miño Boilini |first3=R. |last3=Sostillo |first4=E. |last4=Cerdeño |first5=M. C. |last5=Cardonatto |first6=R. A. |last6=Bonini |year=2020 |title=The Scelidotheriinae ''Proscelidodon gracillimus'' (Xenarthra: Mylodontidae) from the Cerro Azul Formation (late Miocene), Argentina: Ontogenetic variability and taxonomy |journal=[[Journal of South American Earth Sciences]] |volume=102754 |pages=|doi=10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102754 |bibcode=2020JSAES.10402754M }}
* {{citation |last1=Rasia |first1=L. L. |first2=R. A. |last2=Bonini |first3=A. M. |last3=Candela |year=2020 |title=Nuevos registros de ''Lagostomus'' Brookes, 1828 (Rodentia, Chinchillidae) en el Mioceno tardío de Argentina y su importancia bioestratigráfica |url=http://www.andeangeology.cl/index.php/revista1/article/download/V47n2-3270/pdf |journal=[[Andean Geology]] |volume=47 |issue=2 |page=430 |doi=10.5027/andgeoV47n2-3270 |accessdate=2020-08-13|doi-access=free }}
* {{citation |last1=Cardonatto |first1=M. C. |first2=R. N. |last2=Melchor |year=2018 |title=Large mammal burrows in late Miocene calcic paleosols from central Argentina: paleoenvironment, taphonomy and producers |journal=[[PeerJ]] |volume=6 |pages=e4787 |doi=10.7717/peerj.4787 |doi-access=free |pmid=29844958 |pmc=5969051 }}
* {{citation |last1=De la Fuente |first1=M. S. |first2=G. G. |last2=Zacarias |first3=E. |last3=Vlachos |year=2018 |title=A review of the fossil record of the South American turtles of the clade Pan-Testudinoidea |url=https://bioone.org/journals/bulletin-of-the-peabody-museum-of-natural-history/volume-59/issue-2/014.059.0201/A-Review-of-the-Fossil-Record-of-South-American-Turtles/10.3374/014.059.0201.short |journal=[[Bulletin of the Peabody Museum of Natural History]] |volume=59 |pages=269–286 |doi=10.3374/014.059.0201 |accessdate=2020-08-13|hdl=11336/162647 |hdl-access=free }}
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[[Category:Cerro Azul Formation| ]]
[[Category:Geologic formations of Argentina]]
[[Category:Miocene Series of South America]]
[[Category:Tortonian]]
[[Category:Huayquerian]]
[[Category:Neogene Argentina]]
[[Category:Sandstone formations]]
[[Category:Siltstone formations]]
[[Category:Conglomerate formations]]
[[Category:Aeolian deposits]]
[[Category:Fluvial deposits]]
[[Category:Lacustrine deposits]]
[[Category:Fossiliferous stratigraphic units of South America]]
[[Category:Paleontology in Argentina]]
[[Category:Landforms of Buenos Aires Province|Formations]]
[[Category:Landforms of La Pampa Province|Formations]]