View source for Classical albedo features on Mars

{{Short description|Early attempts at describing the surface of Mars}}{{Multiple image
| total_width       = 300
| image1            = Marssep5.jpg
| image2            = Marsrglobe2004.gif
| footer            = Mars, as seen through a small telescope in 2003, showing the patterns of brightness and color known as albedo features.
}}

The '''classical [[albedo feature]]s''' of Mars are the light and dark features that can be seen on the planet [[Mars]] through an Earth-based telescope. Before the age of [[space probe]]s, several astronomers created maps of Mars on which they gave names to the features they could see. The most popular system of nomenclature was devised by [[Giovanni Schiaparelli]], who used names from [[classical antiquity]]. Today, the improved understanding of Mars enabled by space probes has rendered many of the classical names obsolete for the purposes of [[cartography]]; however, some of the old names are still used to describe geographical features on the planet.

== History ==
=== Observing albedo features ===
[[File:Proctor Mars Map.jpg|thumb|250px|Richard A. Proctor's map of Mars, which named albedo features after astronomers.  North is at the bottom, as seen through an inverting telescope.]]
Early telescopic astronomers, observing Mars from a great distance through primitive instruments (though they were advanced for their day), were limited to studying [[albedo]] contrasts on the surface of the planet. These lighter and darker patches rarely correspond to [[topographic]] features and in many cases obscure them. The origins of the albedo contrasts were a mystery. The lighter patches at the poles were correctly believed to be a frozen substance, either water or carbon dioxide, but the nature of the dark patches seen against the general reddish tint of Mars was uncertain for centuries. When [[Giovanni Schiaparelli]] began observing Mars in 1877, he believed that the darker features were seas, lakes, and swamps and named them accordingly in Latin (''mare, lacus, palus'' etc.). Within a few decades, however, most astronomers came to agree that Mars lacks large bodies of surface water. The dark features were then thought by some to be indications of Martian vegetation, since they changed shape and intensity over the course of the Martian year. They are now known to be areas where the wind has swept away the paler dust, exposing a darker surface, often basaltic rock; so their borders change in response to windstorms on the Martian surface that move the dust around, widening or narrowing the features.

The dust-storms themselves also appear as light patches, can cover vast areas and sometimes last for many weeks; when [[Mariner 9]] arrived in Martian orbit in November 1971 the entire planet was covered by a single enormous dust-storm, with only the peaks of the four or five highest mountains showing above it. This variability may explain many of the differences between telescopic observations over the years.

=== Early non-classical names ===
{{Main|Geography of Mars#Nomenclature}}
[[File:Nathaniel Green Mars map -556069113.jpg|thumb|250px|Nathaniel Green's 1877 Mars map, which used many of Proctor's names.  North is at the bottom.]]
The first map of Martian albedo features was published in 1840 by [[Johann Heinrich Mädler]] and [[Wilhelm Beer]], but they simply labelled the features a, b, c ... without giving them names. Over the next two decades the most prominent features picked up various informal names (such as the Hourglass Sea for what is now [[Syrtis Major Planum]]) but there was no overall system.

The first astronomer to name Martian albedo features systematically was [[Richard A. Proctor]], who in 1867 created a map (based in part on the observations of [[William Rutter Dawes]]) in which several features were given the names of astronomers who had been involved in mapping Mars. In some cases, the same names were used for multiple features. Proctor's names remained in use for several decades, notably in several early maps drawn by [[Camille Flammarion]] in 1876 and [[Nathaniel Everett Green|Nathaniel Green]] in 1877.

=== Schiaparelli's classical names ===
[[Image:Karte Mars Schiaparelli MKL1888.png|thumb|250px|Early Schiaparelli map, from an 1888 encyclopedia.]]

However, within a few decades Proctor's names were superseded by a new scheme devised by [[Giovanni Schiaparelli]], whose observations differed from Proctor's, and who used this difference to justify drawing up an entirely new system of nomenclature. Schiaparelli was an expert on ancient astronomy and geography, and used Latin names, drawn from the myths, history and geography of classical antiquity; dark features were named after ancient seas and rivers, light areas after islands and legendary lands.

[[File:Martian Channels by Flamarion&Antoniadi.jpg|thumb|250px|Early map by [[Camille Flammarion|Flammarion]] and [[E. M. Antoniadi|Antoniadi]]. North is at the bottom.]]

When [[E. M. Antoniadi]] took over as the leading telescopic observer of Mars in the early 20th century, he followed Schiaparelli's names rather than Proctor's, and the  Proctorian names quickly became obsolete. In his encyclopedic work ''La Planète Mars'' (1930) Antoniadi used all Schiaparelli's names and added more of his own from the same classical sources. However, there was still no 'official' system of names for Martian features.

In 1958, the [[International Astronomical Union]] set up an ad hoc committee under [[Audouin Dollfus]], which settled on a list of 128 officially recognised albedo features. Of these, 105 came from Schiaparelli, 2 from Flammarion, 2 from [[Percival Lowell]], and 16 from Antoniadi, with an additional 3 from the committee itself. This involved a considerable amount of pruning; Antoniadi's ''La Planète Mars'' had mentioned 558 named features.<ref>{{cite web
 | url = https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/Page/History
 | title = History of Planetary Nomenclature
 | website = planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov
 | publisher = International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature (WGPSN) 
 | access-date = 3 Dec 2016
}}</ref><ref>{{cite web
 | url = http://www.marsartgallery.com/marsnames.html
 | title = Martian Feature Name Nomenclature
 | website = www.marsartgallery.com
 | access-date = 3 Dec 2016
}}</ref><ref>United States Geological Survey Astrogeology Program, "Mars Nomenclature: Albedo Feature", ''[http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/FeatureTypesData2.jsp Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature]{{dead link|date=January 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}''.</ref>

The pictures returned by interplanetary spacecraft, notably the observations made from Martian orbit by [[Mariner 9]] over the course of 1972, have revolutionized the scientific understanding of Mars, and some of the classical albedo features have become obsolete as they do not correspond clearly with the detailed images provided by the spacecraft. However, many of the names used for topographic features on Mars are still based on the classical nomenclature for the feature's location; for instance, the albedo feature 'Ascraeus Lacus' provides the basis of the name of the volcano ''[[Ascraeus Mons]]'' in roughly the same position.

In addition, since most Earth-based amateur telescopes are not powerful enough to resolve the topographic surface features of Mars, amateur astronomers still use many of the old feature-names to orient themselves and record their observations.
[[File:Mars Géolocalisation.jpg|centre|500px]]
[[File:Mars albedo features NASA 1970.JPG|thumb|centre|500px|Mars albedo features after the 1958 official list of names, but before the 1972 observations of [[Mariner 9]].]]

==Common feature names==
[[File:Schiaparelli versus Mars.jpg|thumb|Classical albedo features on Mars, whose names date back to [[Giovanni Schiaparelli|Schiaparelli]] (1888 map above), share some boundaries with more recent satellite observations.<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Frey|first1=Herbert|year=1974|title=Surface Features on Mars: Ground-Based Albedo and Radar Compared With Mariner 9 Topography|url=http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1974/JB079i026p03907.shtml|url-status=dead|journal=Journal of Geophysical Research|publisher=[[Journal of Geophysical Research]]|volume=79|pages=3907–3916|bibcode=1974JGR....79.3907F|doi=10.1029/JB079i026p03907|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140116133529/http://www.agu.org/pubs/crossref/1974/JB079i026p03907.shtml|archive-date=January 16, 2014|hdl-access=free|number=26|hdl=2060/19740005454}}</ref>]]
Several Latin words involved here are common nouns. These are generally, but not always, second in the name, but are usually ignored in alphabetizing below:

* ''Campi'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|m|p|aɪ}}) – fields
* ''Cherso'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɜːr|s|oʊ}}) – peninsula
* ''Cornu'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɔːr|nj|uː}}) – horn, peninsula
* ''Depressio'' ({{IPAc-en|d|ᵻ|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|ʃ|i|oʊ}}) – lowland
* ''Fastigium'' ({{IPAc-en|f|æ|s|ˈ|t|ɪ|dʒ|i|ə|m}}) – summit
* ''Fons'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|ɒ|n|z}}) – fountain
* ''Fretum'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|r|iː|t|ə|m}}) – strait
* ''Insula'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|n|sj|ʊ|l|ə}}) – island
* ''Lacus'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}}) – lake
* ''Lucus'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|lj|uː|k|ə|s}}) – grove
* ''Mare'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɑːr|ei|,_|ˈ|m|ɛər|i:}}) – sea
* ''Nix'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɪ|k|s}}) – snow
* ''Palus'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|eɪ|l|ə|s}}) – marsh
* ''Pons'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɒ|n|z}}) – bridge
* ''Promontorium'' ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|r|ɒ|m|ə|n|ˈ|t|ɔər|i|ə|m}}) – cape
* ''Regio'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|iː|dʒ|i|oʊ}}) – region
* ''Silva'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪ|l|v|ə}}) – wood
* ''Sinus'' ({{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|aɪ|n|ə|s}}) – bay

==List of albedo features==
Not listed here are the "canals" also observed and named by Schiaparelli, for which see the article [[Martian canals]].

Note that the pronunciation refers to English pronunciation, not Latin or Italian.

===A===

{|class="wikitable"
!Name
![[Help:IPA for English|Pronunciation]]
!Meaning
!Modern name(s)
|-
| '''Abalos''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|b|ə|l|ɒ|s}} || A no-longer existent island in the North Sea, east of Heligoland || [[Abalos Colles]], [[Abalos Mensa]], [[Abalos Scopuli]], [[Abalos Undae]]
|-
| '''Achæorum Portus''' ||{{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|k|iː|ˈ|ɔər|ə|m|_|ˈ|p|ɔːr|t|ə|s}} || "Harbor of the [[Achaeans (tribe)|Achaean]]s" || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Acherusia Palus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|k|ᵻ|ˈ|r|uː|ʒ|i|ə|_|ˈ|p|eɪ|l|ə|s}} || "Marsh of [[Acherusia]]", named after the legendary swamps in Greek mythology || {{n/a}}
|-
|| '''Achillis Pons''' ||{{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|k|ɪ|l|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|p|ɒ|n|z}}|| "Bridge of [[Achilles]]" || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Mare Acidalium''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛər|iː|_|ˌ|æ|s|ᵻ|ˈ|d|eɪ|l|i|ə|m}} ||  "Sea of Acidalia", named for the fountain [[Venus (mythology)#Epithets|Acidalia]] where the [[Graces]] bathed || [[Acidalia Colles]], [[Acidalia Mensa]], [[Acidalia Planitia]]
|-
| '''Æolis''' ||{{IPAc-en|ˈ|iː|ə|l|ᵻ|s}}|| a modification of Aeolia, the name of the floating western island of Aiolos, the ruler of the winds || [[Aeolis Mensae]], [[Aeolis Planum]]
|-
| '''Aëria''' ||{{IPAc-en|eɪ|ˈ|ɪər|i|ə}}|| From a poetic name for [[Egypt]] || [[Aeria (albedo feature)|Aeria]], IAU recognized albedo feature
|-
| '''Ætheria''' ||{{IPAc-en|ᵻ|ˈ|θ|ɪər|i|ə}}|| – the land of the living, as referred to in [[Virgil]]'s ''[[Aeneid]]'' || [[Aetheria (albedo feature)|Aetheria]], IAU recognized albedo feature
|-
| '''Æthiopis''' ||{{IPAc-en|ᵻ|ˈ|θ|aɪ|ə|p|ᵻ|s}}|| Land of the [[Ethiopia]]ns ||  [[Aethiopis (albedo feature)|Aethiopis]], IAU recognized albedo feature
|-
| '''Aganippe Fons''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|ɡ|ə|ˈ|n|ɪ|p|iː|_|ˈ|f|ɒ|n|z}} || "[[Aganippe]]'s Fountain", legendary home of a Greek [[naiad]] || [[Aganippe Fossa]]
|-
| '''Alcyonia''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|l|s|i|ˈ|oʊ|n|i|ə}} || Land of [[kingfisher]]s. || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Amazonis''' ||{{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|m|æ|z|ən|ᵻ|s}}|| "Land of the [[Amazons|Amazon]]", legendary warrior women || [[Amazonis Mensa]], [[Amazonis Planitia]], [[Amazonis Sulci]]
|-
| '''Amenthes''' ||{{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|m|ɛ|n|θ|iː|z}}|| Alternate name for [[Duat]], the Egyptian land of the dead || [[Amenthes Cavi]], [[Amenthes Fossae]], [[Amenthes Planum]], [[Amenthes Rupes]]
|-
| '''Ammonium''' || {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|m|oʊ|n|i|ə|m}}|| Ancient name for the [[Siwa Oasis]] || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Mare Amphitrites''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛər|iː|_|ˌ|æ|m|f|ᵻ|ˈ|t|r|aɪ|t|iː|z}} || "Sea of [[Amphitrite]]", a Greek sea-goddess || [[Amphitrites Patera]]
|-
| '''Lucus Angitiæ''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|lj|uː|k|ə|s|_|æ|n|ˈ|dʒ|ɪ|ʃ|ᵻ|iː}} || "Grove of [[Angitia]]", named after the snake goddess || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Depressiones Aoniæ''' || {{IPAc-en|d|ᵻ|ˌ|p|r|ɛ|ʃ|i|ˈ|oʊ|n|iː|z|_|eɪ|ˈ|oʊ|n|ᵻ|iː}}||   "Lowlands of the [[Muses]]", who came from [[Mount Helicon|Helicon]] in [[Aonia]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Aonius Sinus''' ||{{IPAc-en|eɪ|ˈ|oʊ|n|i|ə|s|_|ˈ|s|aɪ|n|ə|s}}|| "Bay of the [[Muse]]s"{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} || Aonia Mons, [[Aonia Planum]], [[Aonia Terra]], Aonia Tholus
|-
| '''Aponi Fons''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|p|ə|n|aɪ|_|ˈ|f|ɒ|n|z}} || Roman name for the [[Bagni d'Abano]], warm-water baths near [[Padua]] || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Aquæ Apollinares''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|eɪ|k|w|iː|_|ə|ˌ|p|ɒ|l|ᵻ|ˈ|n|ɛər|iː|z}}  || "Apollo's Waters"; Roman name for the Bagni di Stigliano baths in [[Canale Monterano]], [[Tuscany]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Aquæ Calidæ''' ||{{IPAc-en|ˈ|eɪ|k|w|iː|_|ˈ|k|æ|l|ᵻ|d|iː}} || "Hot spring" || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Aquarii Depressio''' || {{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|k|w|ɛər|i|aɪ|_|d|ᵻ|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|ʃ|i|oʊ}} || "Lowland of [[Aquarius (constellation)|Aquarius]]" || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Arabia''' ||{{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|r|eɪ|b|i|ə}}|| [[Arabian Peninsula]] || [[Arabia Terra]]
|-
| '''Arachoti Fons''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ær|ə|ˈ|k|oʊ|t|aɪ|_|ˈ|f|ɒ|n|z}} || "Fountain of [[Arachotus]]", a river in [[Afghanistan]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Aram''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛər|ə|m}} || [[Aram (biblical region)|Aram]], Biblical land of the [[Aramaean]]s || [[Aram Chaos]]
|-
| '''Arcadia''' ||{{IPAc-en|ɑːr|ˈ|k|eɪ|d|i|ə}}|| From [[Arcadia (ancient region)|Arcadia]], a region of the central [[Peloponnesus]] || [[Arcadia Chaos]], [[Arcadia Dorsa]], [[Arcadia Planitia]]
|-
| '''Arduenna''' ||{{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɑːr|dj|u|ˈ|ɛ|n|ə}} || Latin names for the [[Ardennes]] forests || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Arethusa Fons''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ær|ᵻ|ˈ|θj|uː|z|ə|_|ˈ|f|ɒ|n|z}} || "[[Arethusa (mythology)|Arethusa]]'s Fountain", after the Greek nymph || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Argyre I''' ||{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɑːr|dʒ|ər|iː|_|ˈ|p|r|aɪ|m|ə}}|| One of a pair of legendary islands, [[Chryse and Argyre]], located in the Indian Ocean and said to be made of gold and silver || [[Argyre Cavi]], [[Argyre Planitia]], [[Argyre Rupes]], [[Argyre quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Argyre II''' ||{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɑːr|dʒ|ər|iː|_|s|ᵻ|ˈ|k|ʌ|n|d|ə}}|| "Second Silver Land" (see above) || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Argyroporos''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɑːr|dʒ|ᵻ|ˈ|r|ɒ|p|ə|r|ɒ|s}} || "Silver Strait" || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Ariadnes Depressio''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ær|i|ˈ|æ|d|n|iː|z|_|d|ᵻ|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|ʃ|i|oʊ}} || "Lowland of [[Ariadne]]", a Greek heroine || [[Ariadnes Colles]]
|-
| '''Aromatum Promontorium''' ||{{IPAc-en|ə|ˈ|r|ɒ|m|ə|t|ə|m|_|ˌ|p|r|ɒ|m|ə|n|ˈ|t|ɔər|i|ə|m}}|| "Cape of Fragrant Spices"{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} || [[Aromatum Chaos]]
|-
| '''Arsia Silva''' ||{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɑːr|ʃ|i|ə|_|ˈ|s|ɪ|l|v|ə}}|| [[Arsia Silva]], forest northwest of [[Rome]] where the [[Tarquinii]] were defeated || [[Arsia Chasmata]], [[Arsia Mons]], [[Arsia Sulci]]
|-
| '''Arsinoës Depressio''' || {{IPAc-en|ɑːr|ˈ|s|ɪ|n|oʊ|iː|z|_|d|ᵻ|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|ʃ|i|oʊ}} || Lowland of [[Arsinoes Chaos|Arsinoë]], the name of various Greek and Egyptian figures || [[Arsinoes Chaos]]
|-
| '''Artynia Fons''' || {{IPAc-en|ɑːr|ˈ|t|ɪ|n|i|ə|_|f|ɒ|n|z}} || "[[Artynia]]'s Fountain", referring to [[Lake Artynia]] in [[Asia Minor]] || [[Artynia Catena]]
|-
| '''Aryn Promontorium''' ||{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɛər|ᵻ|n|_|ˌ|p|r|ɒ|m|ə|n|ˈ|t|ɔər|i|ə|m}}|| "Cape of Aryn" || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Fastigium Aryn''' || {{IPAc-en|f|æ|s|ˈ|t|ɪ|dʒ|i|ə|m|_|ˈ|ɛər|ᵻ|n}} || "Summit of Aryn" || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Ascræus Lacus''' ||{{IPAc-en|æ|ˈ|s|k|r|iː|ə|s|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}}|| "Ascraeus Lake", a poetic paraphrase of "[[wikt:helicon|helicon]]ian" or "rural"{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} || [[Ascraeus Chasmata]], [[Ascraeus Mons]], [[Ascraeus Sulci]]
|-
| '''Astræ Lacus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|æ|s|t|r|iː|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}} || "Lake of the [[Stars|Astra]]", Greek star-gods {{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Atalantes Depressio''' || {{IPAc-en|æ|t|ə|ˈ|l|æ|n|t|iː|z|_|d|ᵻ|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|ʃ|i|oʊ}} || Lowland of [[Atalanta]], Greek heroine || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Nix Atlantica''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɪ|k|s|_|æ|t|ˈ|l|æ|n|t|ᵻ|k|ə}} || "Snows of [[Atlas]]",{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} a [[Titan (mythology)|Titan]] in Greek mythology || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Atlantidum Sinus''' || {{IPAc-en|æ|t|ˈ|l|æ|n|t|ᵻ|d|ə|m|_|ˈ|s|aɪ|n|ə|s}} || "Bay of the Atlantises" (just south of Atlantis I and II, see below) || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Atlantis I''' ||{{IPAc-en|æ|t|ˈ|l|æ|n|t|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|p|r|aɪ|m|ə}}|| "First [[Atlantis]]", mythical drowned land || [[Atlantis Chaos]]
|-
| '''Atlantis II''' ||{{IPAc-en|æ|t|ˈ|l|æ|n|t|ᵻ|s|_|s|ᵻ|ˈ|k|ʌ|n|d|ə}}|| "Second [[Atlantis]]" (see above) || [[Atlantis Chaos]]
|-
| '''Augila''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɔː|dʒ|əl|ə}} || [[Awjila]], a city in [[Cyrenaica]] || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Aurea Cherso''' ||{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɔːr|iː|ə|_|ˈ|k|ɜːr|s|oʊ}}|| "Golden Peninsula", ancient name for the [[Malay Peninsula]] || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Aureum Cornu''' ||{{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɔːr|iː|ə|m|_|ˈ|k|ɔːr|nj|uː}}|| "Golden Horn", inlet dividing [[Constantinople]] || [[Aureum Chaos]]
|-
| '''Auroræ Sinus''' ||{{IPAc-en|ɔː|ˈ|r|ɔər|iː|_|ˈ|s|aɪ|n|ə|s}}|| "Bay of the Dawn" || [[Aurorae Planum]], [[Aurorae Chaos]]
|-
| '''Ausonia''' ||{{IPAc-en|ɔː|ˈ|z|oʊ|n|i|ə}}|| From a poetic name for [[Italy]] || [[Ausonia Cavus]], [[Ausonia Mensa]], [[Ausonia Montes]]
|-
| '''Mare Australe''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛər|iː|_|ɒ|s|ˈ|t|r|eɪ|l|iː}} ||    "Southern Sea" || [[Chasma Australe]], [[Australe Lingula]], [[Australe Mensa]], [[Australe Montes]], [[Planum Australe]], [[Australe Scopuli]], [[Australe Sulci]], [[Mare Australe quadrangle]]
|}

=== B-E ===

{|class="wikitable"
!Name
![[Help:IPA for English|Pronunciation]]
!Meaning
!Modern name(s)
|-
| '''Baltia''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|æ|l|ʃ|i|ə}} ||   From a name for the regions near the [[Baltic Sea]] || [[Baltia (albedo feature)|Baltia]], [[IAU]] recognized albedo feature
|-
| '''Bandusiæ Fons''' || {{IPAc-en|b|æ|n|ˈ|dj|uː|ʒ|ᵻ|iː|_|ˈ|f|ɒ|n|z}}|| "Fountain of Bandusia", title of a poem by [[Horace]] || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Bathys Portus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|eɪ|θ|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|p|ɔːr|t|ə|s}}|| "Deep Harbor", the port of [[Aulis (ancient Greece)|Aulis]] in [[Boeotia]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} || Bathys Planum, changed to [[Icaria Planum]]
|-
| '''Benacus Lacus''' || {{IPAc-en|b|ᵻ|ˈ|n|eɪ|k|ə|s|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}} || "Lake Benacus" ([[Lago di Garda]] in northern Italy) || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Biblis Fons''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɪ|b|l|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|f|ɒ|n|z}} || "Biblis Fountain", a [[Caria]]n well near [[Miletus]]{{Citation needed|date=March 2009}} || [[Biblis Patera]], [[Biblis Tholus]]
|-
| '''Bosporium Promontorium''' || {{IPAc-en|b|ɒ|s|ˈ|p|ɔər|i|ə|m|_|ˌ|p|r|ɒ|m|ə|n|ˈ|t|ɔər|i|ə|m}}||   "Cape of the [[Bosphorus]]" ||
|-
| '''Bosporus/Bosphorus Gemmatus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|b|ɒ|s|p|ər|ə|s|,_|ˈ|b|ɒ|s|f|ər|ə|s|_|dʒ|ᵻ|ˈ|m|eɪ|t|ə|s}}||   "Bejewelled [[Bosphorus]]" || [[Bosporos Planum]], [[Bosporus Regio]], [[Bosporos Rupes]]
|-
| '''Brangæna''' || {{IPAc-en|b|r|æ|n|ˈ|dʒ|iː|n|ə}}||  || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Capri''' || || "Isle of [[Capri]]" || [[Capri Chasma]], [[Capri Mensa]]
|-
| '''Casius''' ||  || [[Ras Kouroun|Mt Casius]] in Egypt, famous in antiquity for the nearby [[Lake Bardawil|coastal marshes]] in which whole armies were reputed to have drowned|| [[Casius quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Castalia Fons''' || {{IPAc-en|k|æ|s|ˈ|t|eɪ|l|i|ə|_|f|ɒ|n|z}} || "[[Castalian Springs]]" || 
|-
| '''Cebrenia''' || {{IPAc-en|s|ᵻ|ˈ|b|r|iː|n|i|ə}} || Land of [[Cebrenia]] near Troy || [[Cebrenia quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Cecropia''' || {{IPAc-en|s|ᵻ|ˈ|k|r|oʊ|p|i|ə}} || "Land of [[Cecrops I|Cecrops]]" ||
|-
| '''Ceraunius''' || {{IPAc-en|s|ᵻ|ˈ|r|ɔː|n|i|ə|s}} || || Ceraunius Catena, [[Ceraunius Fossae]]
|-
| '''Chalce''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|l|s|iː}}|| || [[Chalce Montes]]
|-
| '''Charitum Promontorium''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ær|ᵻ|t|ə|m|_|ˌ|p|r|ɒ|m|ə|n|ˈ|t|ɔər|i|ə|m}}||   "Cape of the [[Charites|Graces]]" || [[Charitum Montes]]
|-
| '''Chironis Fretum''' || {{IPAc-en|k|aɪ|ˈ|r|oʊ|n|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|f|r|iː|t|ə|m}}||   "Strait of [[Chiron]]" ||
|-
| '''Mare Chronium''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛər|iː|_|ˈ|k|r|oʊ|n|i|ə|m}} || || Planum Chronium, [[Chronius Mons]]
|-
| '''Chryse''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|r|aɪ|s|iː}}|| One of a pair of legendary islands, [[Chryse and Argyre]], located in the Indian Ocean and said to be made of gold and silver || Chryse Chaos, Chryse Colles, [[Chryse Planitia]]
|-
| '''Chrysokeras''' || {{IPAc-en|k|r|ᵻ|ˈ|s|ɒ|k|ər|ə|s}}|| The [[Golden Horn]] ||
|-
| '''Cimmeria Insula''' || {{IPAc-en|s|ɪ|ˈ|m|ɪər|i|ə|_|ˈ|ɪ|n|sj|ʊ|l|ə}}||  "Cimmerian Island" || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Mare Cimmerium''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛər|iː|_|s|ᵻ|ˈ|m|ɪər|i|ə|m}} ||    "Cimmerian Sea", named after an ancient Thracian seafaring people || [[Terra Cimmeria]]
|-
| '''Circaeum Promontorium''' || {{IPAc-en|s|ər|ˈ|s|iː|ə|m|_|ˌ|p|r|ɒ|m|ə|n|ˈ|t|ɔər|i|ə|m}}||   "Cape of [[Circe]]" ||
|-
| '''Claritas''' || || Latin for "bright" || [[Claritas Fossae]], [[Claritas Rupes]]
|-
| '''Clepsydra Fons''' || {{IPAc-en|k|l|ɛ|p|ˈ|s|aɪ|d|r|ə|_|ˈ|f|ɒ|n|z}} || "Water-clock fountain", a well in the [[Athens|Athenian]] acropolis. ||
|-
| '''Coprates''' || {{IPAc-en|'|k|ɒ|p|r|ə|t|i:|z}} || River Coprates, now called the [[Dez River|Dez]], in modern Iran || [[Coprates Chasma]]
|-
| '''Coracis Portus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|ɒr|ə|s|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|p|ɔːr|t|ə|s}}||   "Haven of Corax" ||
|-
| '''Cyane Fons''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|aɪ|ə|n|iː|_|ˈ|f|ɒ|n|z}} || "Cyane fountain", a spring in [[Sicily]] from which the Cyane river sprang, named for a nymph. || Cyane Catena, [[Cyane Fossae]]
|-
| '''[[Cydonia (region of Mars)|Cydonia]]''' || {{IPAc-en|s|aɪ|ˈ|d|oʊ|n|i|ə}}||   poetic name for Crete || [[Cydonia (region of Mars)|Cydonia]], Cydonia Mensae, Cydonia Labyrinthus, Cydonia Colles
|-
| '''Cynia Lacus''' || || ||
|-
| '''Danaïdum Depressio''' || {{IPAc-en|d|ə|ˈ|n|eɪ|ə|d|ə|m|_|d|ᵻ|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|ʃ|i|oʊ}} || "Lowland of the daughters of [[Danaus|Danaüs]]" ||
|-
| '''Daphne''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|æ|f|n|iː}} || From ''[[Daphne]]'' ("[[bay laurel]]"), a nymph pursued by [[Apollo]]. ||
|-
| '''Deucalionis Regio''' || {{IPAc-en|dj|uː|ˌ|k|eɪ|l|i|ˈ|oʊ|n|ɪ|s|_|ˈ|r|iː|dʒ|i|oʊ}}||   "Region of [[Deucalion]]" ||
|-
| '''Dia''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|d|aɪ|ə}}|| An island north of [[Crete]] ||
|-
| '''Diacria''' || {{IPAc-en|d|aɪ|ˈ|eɪ|k|r|i|ə}} || [[Diacria]] highlands around [[Marathon, Greece|Marathon]] || [[Diacria quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Dioscuria''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|d|aɪ|ə|s|ˈ|k|jʊər|i|ə}}||   "Land of the [[Dioscuri]]" ||
|-
| '''Eden''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|iː|d|ən}}||   From [[Garden of Eden|Eden]], the biblical paradise || [[Eden Patera]]
|-
| '''Edom''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|iː|d|ə|m}}||   From [[Edom]], an ancient kingdom in modern [[Jordan]] ||
|-
| '''Edom Promontorium''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|iː|d|ə|m|_|ˌ|p|r|ɒ|m|ə|n|ˈ|t|ɔər|i|ə|m}}||   "Cape of [[Edom]]" ||
|-
| '''Electris''' || {{IPAc-en|ᵻ|ˈ|l|ɛ|k|t|r|ᵻ|s}}||  The principal island of the "Electrides", islands said to produce amber. || Electris Mons
|-
| '''Elysium''' || {{IPAc-en|ᵻ|ˈ|l|ɪ|ʒ|i|ə|m}}||   From [[Elysium]], the Greek land of dead heroes || [[Elysium Planitia]], [[Elysium Mons]], [[Elysium Fossae]], [[Elysium quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Eridania''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɛr|ᵻ|ˈ|d|eɪ|n|i|ə}}||  Land of the River [[Eridanos (mythology)|Eridanus]] || Eridania Mons, [[Eridania Planitia]], [[Eridania quadrangle]], Eridania Scopulus
|-
| '''Mare Erythræum''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛər|iː|_|ˌ|ɛr|ᵻ|ˈ|θ|r|iː|ə|m}} || "[[Red Sea]]" || Erythraea Fossae
|}

=== F-L ===

{|class="wikitable"
!Name
![[Help:IPA for English|Pronunciation]]
!Meaning
!Modern name(s)
|-
| '''Famæ Depressio''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|eɪ|m|iː|_|d|ᵻ|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|ʃ|i|oʊ}} || "Lowland of Fame" ||
|-
| '''Ferentinæ Lucus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|f|ɛr|ᵻ|n|ˈ|t|aɪ|n|iː|_|ˈ|lj|uː|k|ə|s}} || "Grove of [[Ferentina]]"
|-
| '''Lucus Feronia''' || || "Grove of Wild Beasts"
|-
| '''Flevo Lacus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|l|iː|v|oʊ|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}} ||
|-
| '''Gallinaria Silva''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|ɡ|æ|l|ᵻ|ˈ|n|ɛər|i|ə|_|ˈ|s|ɪ|l|v|ə}} ||
|-
| '''Mare Hadriaticum''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛər|iː|_|ˌ|h|eɪ|d|r|i|ˈ|æ|t|ᵻ|k|ə|m}} ||    "[[Adriatic Sea]]" Aka ''Hadriaticum Mare'' || [[Hadriacus Mons]], Hadriaca Patera
|-
| '''Hammonis Cornu''' || {{IPAc-en|h|ə|ˈ|m|oʊ|n|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|k|ɔːr|nj|uː}} ||   "Horn of [[Ammon]]"
|-
| '''Hellas''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɛ|l|ə|s}} ||   "[[Greece]]" || [[Hellas Planitia]], [[Hellas Montes]], [[Hellas quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Heræum Promontorium''' || {{IPAc-en|h|ᵻ|ˈ|r|iː|ə|m|_|ˌ|p|r|ɒ|m|ə|n|ˈ|t|ɔər|i|ə|m}} ||   "Cape of [[Hera]]"
|-
| '''Hercynia Silva''' || {{IPAc-en|h|ɜːr|ˈ|s|ɪ|n|i|ə|_|ˈ|s|ɪ|l|v|ə}} || [[Hercynian Forest]] ||
|-
| '''Herculis Columnæ''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɜːr|k|j|ʊ|l|ɪ|s|_|k|ɒ|ˈ|l|ʌ|m|n|iː}} ||   "Pillars of [[Heracles|Hercules]]"
|-
| '''Herculis Pons''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|ɜːr|k|j|ʊ|l|ɪ|s|_|ˈ|p|ɒ|n|z}} ||   "Bridge of [[Heracles|Hercules]]"
|-
| '''Hesperia'''|| {{IPAc-en|h|ɛ|s|ˈ|p|ɪər|i|ə}} || "Land of the Setting Sun" || Hesperia Dorsa, [[Hesperia Planum]]
|-
| '''Hesperidum Lacus''' || {{IPAc-en|h|ɛ|s|ˈ|p|ɛr|ᵻ|d|ə|m|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}}  || "Lake of the [[Hesperides]]''
|-
| '''Hibe''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|h|aɪ|b|iː}} ||
|-
| '''Hippocrene Fons''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|h|ɪ|p|ə|ˈ|k|r|iː|n|iː|_|ˈ|f|ɒ|n|z}} || "Fountain of Hippocrene", near [[Mount Helicon]]
|-
| '''Hipponitis Palus''' || ||
|-
| '''Horarum Promontorium''' || {{IPAc-en|h|ɒ|ˈ|r|ɛər|ə|m|_|ˌ|p|r|ɒ|m|ə|n|ˈ|t|ɔər|i|ə|m}} ||   "Cape of the Hours" || Horarum Mons
|-
| '''Hypelaus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|h|ɪ|p|ᵻ|ˈ|l|iː|ə|s}} || A fountain in [[Ephesus]].
|-
| '''Hyperboreus Lacus''' || || Greek/Latin: Far Northern Lake|| [[Hyperboreae Undae]]
|-
| '''Iapygia''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|aɪ|ə|ˈ|p|ɪ|dʒ|i|ə}} ||  [[Salento]] in Italy, ancient home of the [[Iapyges]] || [[Iapygia quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Icaria''' || {{IPAc-en|aɪ|ˈ|k|ɛər|i|ə}} || || [[Icaria Fossae]], [[Icaria Planum]]
|-
| '''Mare Icarium''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛər|iː|_|aɪ|ˈ|k|ɛər|i|ə|m}} ||
|-
| '''Ierne''' || {{IPAc-en|aɪ|ˈ|ɜːr|n|iː}} ||   A name for [[Ireland]]
|-
| '''Isidis Regio''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɪ|s|ᵻ|d|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|r|iː|dʒ|i|oʊ}} ||   "Region of [[Isis]]" || [[Isidis Planitia]]
|-
| '''Ismenius Lacus''' || {{IPAc-en|ᵻ|z|ˈ|m|iː|n|i|ə|s|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}} || The Ismenian Spring near [[Thebes, Greece|Thebes]] where [[Cadmus]] slew the guardian dragon || Ismenia Patera, Ismeniae Fossae Ismenius Cavus, [[Ismenius Lacus quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Jani Fretum''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|dʒ|eɪ|n|aɪ|_|ˈ|f|r|iː|t|ə|m}} ||   "Strait of [[Janus]]" || [[Iani Chaos]]
|-
| '''Juventæ Fons''' || {{IPAc-en|dʒ|uː|ˈ|v|ɛ|n|t|iː|_|ˈ|f|ɒ|n|z}} ||    "[[Fountain of Youth]]" a.k.a. ''Fons Juventæ'' || [[Juventae Chasma]], Juventae Dorsa
|-
| '''Labeatis Lacus''' || {{IPAc-en|l|æ|b|iː|ˈ|eɪ|t|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}} || Lake of the Labeates, a people of [[Illyria]]
|-
| '''Lausonius Lacus''' || {{IPAc-en|l|ɔː|'|s|oʊ|n|i|ə|s|_|'|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}} ||
|-
| '''Lemuria''' || {{IPAc-en|l|ᵻ|ˈ|m|jʊər|i|ə}} ||   From [[Lemuria (continent)|Lemuria]], a fictional sunken land in the Pacific or Indian Ocean
|-
| '''Lerne''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɜːr|n|iː}} ||
|-
| '''Libya''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|ɪ|b|i|ə}} ||    "[[Libya]]" || [[Libya Montes]]
|-
| '''Lucrinus Lacus''' || ||The [[Lucrine Lake]] in Roman Italy
|-
| '''Lunæ Lacus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|lj|uː|n|iː|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}} ||   "Lake of the Moon" a.k.a. ''Lacus Lunæ'' || [[Lunae Palus quadrangle]], [[Lunae Planum]]
|-
|}

=== M-N ===

{|class="wikitable"
!Name
![[Help:IPA for English|Pronunciation]]
!Meaning
!Modern name(s)
|-
| '''Mæisia Silva''' || ||
|-
| '''Mapharitis''' || ||
|-
| '''Mareotis''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|ær|iː|ˈ|oʊ|t|ᵻ|s}} || "Land about Mareota", in Lower Egypt. || [[Mareotis Fossae]]
|-
| '''Margaritifer Sinus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|ɑːr|ɡ|ə|ˈ|r|ɪ|t|ᵻ|f|ər|_|ˈ|s|aɪ|n|ə|s}} ||   "Pearlbearing Bay" || [[Margaritifer Terra]], [[Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Lucus Maricæ''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|lj|uː|k|ə|s|_|m|ə|ˈ|r|aɪ|s|iː}} || "Grove of Maríca", a nymph of [[Latium]]. || [[Lucus Planum]]
|-
| '''Memnonia''' || {{IPAc-en|m|ɛ|m|ˈ|n|oʊ|n|i|ə}} ||  "Land of [[Memnon (mythology)|Memnon]]" || Memnonia Fossae, [[Memnonia quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Meroë Insula''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛr|oʊ|iː|_|ˈ|ɪ|n|sj|ʊ|l|ə}} ||   "Island of [[Meroe]]" || [[Meroe Patera]]
|-
| '''Messeis Fons''' || ||
|-
| '''Lacus Mœris''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s|_|ˈ|m|ɪər|ᵻ|s}} ||   [[Lake Moeris]], a lake in the Egyptian Fayum ||
|-
| '''Mons Argenteus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɒ|n|z|_|ɑːr|ˈ|dʒ|ɛ|n|t|iː|ə|s}} ||   "Silver mountain" || [[Dorsa Argentea Formation|Dorsa Argentea]], [[Argentea Planum]]
|-
| '''Neith Regio''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|iː|θ|_|ˈ|r|iː|dʒ|i|oʊ}} ||   "Region of [[Neith]]" || 
|-
| '''Nepheles Depressio''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɛ|f|ᵻ|l|iː|z|_|d|ᵻ|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|ʃ|i|oʊ}} || "Lowland of cloud"
|-
| '''Nereïdum Promontorium''' || {{IPAc-en|n|ᵻ|ˈ|r|iː|ᵻ|d|ə|m|_|ˌ|p|r|ɒ|m|ə|n|ˈ|t|ɔər|i|ə|m}} ||   "Cape of the [[Nereid]]s || [[Nereidum Montes]]
|-
| '''Nerigos''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɛr|ᵻ|ɡ|ɒ|s}} ||  Name of a fictional country, supposedly in or near Scandinavia
|-
| '''Nessonis Lacus''' || ||
|-
| '''Niliacus Lacus'''  || {{IPAc-en|n|ᵻ|ˈ|l|aɪ|ə|k|ə|s|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}} || "Lake of the Nile" || Colles Nili
|-
| '''Nilokeras''' || || "Horn of the Nile" || Nilokeras Fossae, Nilokeras Mensae
|-
| '''Nitriæ''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|aɪ|t|r|ᵻ|iː}} ||
|-
| '''Nix Atlantica'''  || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɪ|k|s|_|æ|t|ˈ|l|æ|n|t|ᵻ|k|ə}} ||  "Atlantic Snow" || {{n/a}}
|-
| '''Nix Olympica'''  || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|ɪ|k|s|_|ɒ|ˈ|l|ɪ|m|p|ᵻ|k|ə}} ||  "Olympian Snow" || Olympus Maculae, [[Olympus Mons]], Olympus Patera, [[Olympus Rupes]]
|-
| '''Noachis'''  || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|oʊ|ə|k|ᵻ|s}} ||  "Land of [[Noah]]" || [[Noachis quadrangle]], [[Noachis Terra]]
|-
| '''Nodus Gordii'''  || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|oʊ|d|ə|s|_|ˈ|ɡ|ɔːr|d|i|aɪ}} ||  "[[Gordian Knot]]" || Gordii Dorsum
|-
| '''Noti Sinus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|n|oʊ|t|aɪ|_|ˈ|s|aɪ|n|ə|s}} || "Bay of Notus"
|-
| '''Novissima Thyle''' || {{IPAc-en|n|oʊ-|ˈ|v|ɪ|s|əm|ə|_|ˈ|θ|aɪ|l|iː}} || "Newest [[Thule]]"
|-
| '''Nuba Lacus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|nj|uː|b|ə|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}} ||
|}

=== O-S ===

{|class="wikitable"
!Name
![[Help:IPA for English|Pronunciation]]
!Meaning
!Modern name(s)
|-
| '''Mare Oceanidum''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛər|iː|_|oʊ|ʃ|iː|ˈ|æ|n|ᵻ|d|ə|m}} || "Sea of the [[Oceanid]]s"||Oceanidum Fossa, Oceanidum Mons
|-
| '''Octantis Depressio''' || {{IPAc-en|ɒ|k|ˈ|t|æ|n|t|ᵻ|s|_|d|ᵻ|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|ʃ|i|oʊ}}|| "Lowland of [[Octans]]"||Octantis Cavi, [[Octantis Mons]]
|-
| '''Œnotria''' || {{IPAc-en|ᵻ|ˈ|n|oʊ|t|r|i|ə}} || || Oenotria Plana, Oenotria Scopuli
|-
| '''Ogygis Regio''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɒ|dʒ|ᵻ|dʒ|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|r|iː|dʒ|i|oʊ}}||   "Region of [[Ogyges]]"||Ogygis Rupes, [[Ogygis Undae]]
|-
| '''Ophir''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|oʊ|f|ər}} ||   From [[Ophir]], a biblical land of gold||Ophir Catenae, Ophir Cavi, [[Ophir Chasma]], Ophir Planum
|-
| '''Ortygia''' || {{IPAc-en|ɔːr|ˈ|t|ɪ|dʒ|i|ə}}||||Ortygia Colles
|-
| '''Oxia Palus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|ɒ|k|ʃ|i|ə|_|ˈ|p|eɪ|l|ə|s}} || [[Oxeia]], a Greek Island in [[Ionian Sea]] || Oxia Chaos, Oxia Colles, [[Oxia Palus quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Palicorum Lacus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|æ|l|ᵻ|ˈ|k|ɔər|ə|m|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}} ||
|-
| '''Palinuri Fretum''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|æ|l|ᵻ|ˈ|nj|ʊər|aɪ|_|ˈ|f|r|iː|t|ə|m}} || "Strait of [[Palinurus]]" ||
|-
| '''Palinuri Sinus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|æ|l|ᵻ|ˈ|nj|ʊər|aɪ|_|ˈ|s|aɪ|n|ə|s}} || "Bay of [[Palinurus]]" ||
|-
| '''Pallas Lacus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|p|æ|l|ə|s|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}} || "Lake of Pallas"
|-
| '''Panchaia''' || {{IPAc-en|p|æ|ŋ|ˈ|k|eɪ|ə}} ||  From the name of an island supposed to be in South Arabia||Panchaia Rupes
|-
| '''Phaëthontis''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|f|eɪ|.|ᵻ|ˈ|θ|ɒ|n|t|ᵻ|s}}||    "Land of [[Phaethon]] or [[Phaethon (son of Eos)]]" || [[Phaethontis quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Phlegra''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|l|iː|ɡ|r|ə}} || From a district in [[Macedonia (ancient kingdom)|Macedonia]]. ||[[Phlegra Montes]]
|-
| '''Campi Phlegræi''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|k|æ|m|p|aɪ|_|f|l|ᵻ|ˈ|ɡ|r|iː|aɪ}}|| "Fields of [[Phlegra (mythology)|Phlegra]]"||[[Phlegra Montes]]
|-
| '''Phœnicis Lacus''' || {{IPAc-en|f|ᵻ|ˈ|n|aɪ|s|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}}||   "Lake of the [[Phoenix (mythology)|Phoenix]]" a.k.a. ''Lacus Phœnicis'' || [[Phoenicis Lacus quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Phrixi Regio''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|f|r|ɪ|k|s|aɪ|_|ˈ|r|iː|dʒ|i|oʊ}} ||   "Region of [[Phrixus]]"||Phrixi Rupes
|-
| '''Piscis Depressio''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|aɪ|s|ᵻ|s|_|d|ᵻ|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|ʃ|i|oʊ}} || "Depression of the Fish"
|-
| '''Depressio Pontica''' || {{IPAc-en|d|ᵻ|ˈ|p|r|ɛ|ʃ|i|oʊ|_|ˈ|p|ɒ|n|t|ᵻ|k|ə}}||   "Lowland of [[Pontus (region)|Pontus]]"
|-
| '''Promethei Sinus''' || {{IPAc-en|p|r|oʊ-|ˈ|m|iː|θ|iː|aɪ|_|ˈ|s|aɪ|n|ə|s}}||   "Bay of [[Prometheus]]" || [[Promethei Terra]]
|-
| '''Propontis''' || {{IPAc-en|p|r|oʊ-|ˈ|p|ɒ|n|t|ᵻ|s}}||   From an old name for the [[Sea of Marmara]]
|-
| '''Protei Regio''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|r|oʊ|t|iː|aɪ|_|ˈ|r|iː|dʒ|i|oʊ}}||   "Region of [[Proteus]]"
|-
| '''Pyrrhæ Regio''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|p|ɪr|iː|_|ˈ|r|iː|dʒ|i|oʊ}}||   "Region of [[Pyrrha]]"||Pyrrhae Chaos, Pyrrhae Fossae
|-
| '''[[Rupes Tenuis]]''' || ||   Latin: "Thin Cliff"||Tenuis Mensae, Rupes Tenuis
|-
| '''Sinus Sabæus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|aɪ|n|ə|s|_|s|ə|ˈ|b|iː|ə|s}}||   "Bay of [[Sheba]]" Aka ''Sabaeus Sinus'' || [[Terra Sabaea]], [[Sinus Sabaeus quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Scandia''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|k|æ|n|d|i|ə}} ||   From a name for [[Skåne]] or [[Scandinavia]]||Scandia Cavi, Scandia Colles, Scandia Tholi
|-
| '''Scheria Insula''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|k|ɪər|i|ə|_|ˈ|ɪ|n|sj|ʊ|l|ə}}||   "[[Scheria]] Island"
|-
| '''Semiramidis Lacus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|s|ɛ|m|ᵻ|ˈ|r|æ|m|ᵻ|d|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}} || "Lake of [[Semiramis]]"
|-
| '''Serapium''' || ||
|-
| '''Simoëntis Sinus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|s|ɪ|m|oʊ|ˈ|ɛ|n|t|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|s|aɪ|n|ə|s}} || "Bay of [[Simois]]"||Simois Colles
|-
| '''Sirbonis Palus''' || || The army-swallowing [[Serbonian Bog]] near [[Ras Kouroun|Mt Casius]] in Egypt || {{n/a}} 
|-
| '''Mare Sirenum''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛər|iː|_|s|aɪ|ˈ|r|iː|n|ə|m}} ||   "Sea of [[Siren (mythology)|Sirens]]" || [[Terra Sirenum]]
|-
| '''Socratis Promontorium''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɒ|k|r|ə|t|ᵻ|s|_|ˌ|p|r|ɒ|m|ə|n|ˈ|t|ɔər|i|ə|m}} || "Cape of [[Socrates]]" ||
|-
| '''Solis Fons''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|oʊ|l|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|f|ɒ|n|z}} ||   "Fountain of the Sun"||Obsolete
|-
| '''Solis Lacus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|oʊ|l|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}}||   "Lake of the Sun" || [[Solis Planum]]
|-
| '''Stygis''' || || "[[Styx]] River", Greece || Stygis Catena, Stygis Fossae
|-
| '''Syrtis Major''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɜːr|t|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|m|eɪ|dʒ|ər}} ||   a Libyan gulf, now [[Gulf of Sidra]] || [[Syrtis Major Planum]], [[Syrtis Major quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Syrtis Minor''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɜːr|t|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|m|aɪ|n|ər}}||now [[Gulf of Gabès]] in Tunisia. a.k.a. ''Syrtis Parva''
|-
|}

=== T-Z ===

{|class="wikitable"
!Name
![[Help:IPA for English|Pronunciation]]
!Meaning
!Modern name(s)
|-
| '''Tempe''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|ɛ|m|p|iː}} || [[Vale of Tempe]], Greece || [[Tempe Fossae]], [[Tempe Terra]]
|-
| '''Tharsis''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|θ|ɑːr|s|ᵻ|s}} ||   "[[Tarshish]]" ancient source of ship-loads of silver. Possibly [[Tartessos]] or [[Sardinia]] || [[Tharsis Montes]], [[Tharsis quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Thaumasia''' || {{IPAc-en|θ|ɔː|ˈ|m|eɪ|ʒ|ə}} ||   "Land of Wonders" || [[Thaumasia Planum]], [[Thaumasia quadrangle]]
|-
| '''Thyle I''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|θ|aɪ|l|iː|_|ˈ|p|r|aɪ|m|ə}}||   "First [[Thule]]" || Thyles Montes, Thyles Rupes
|-
| '''Thyle II''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|θ|aɪ|l|iː|_|s|ᵻ|ˈ|k|ʌ|n|d|ə}}||   "Second [[Thule]]" || 
|-
| '''Thyles Collis''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|θ|aɪ|l|iː|z|_|ˈ|k|ɒ|l|ᵻ|s}} || "Hill of [[Thule]]"
|-
| '''Thyles Mons''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|θ|aɪ|l|iː|z|_|ˈ|m|ɒ|n|z}} || "Mountain of [[Thule]]"
|-
| '''Thymiamata''' || {{IPAc-en|ˌ|θ|ɪ|m|i|ˈ|æ|m|ə|t|ə}}||   "Incenses"
|-
| '''Tiphys Fretum''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|aɪ|f|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|f|r|iː|t|ə|m}} ||
|-
| '''Titanum Sinus''' || {{IPAc-en|t|aɪ|ˈ|t|eɪ|n|ə|m|_|ˈ|s|aɪ|n|ə|s}}||   "Bay of the [[Titan (mythology)|Titans]]"
|-
| '''Tithonius Lacus'''  || {{IPAc-en|t|ᵻ|ˈ|θ|oʊ|n|i|ə|s|_|ˈ|l|eɪ|k|ə|s}}|| || Tithoniae Catenae, Tithoniae Fossae, [[Tithonium Chasma]]
|-
| '''Trinythios''' || ||
|-
| '''Trivii Fons''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|r|ɪ|v|i|aɪ|_|ˈ|f|ɒ|n|z}} || "Fountain of the Crossroads" (east of Trivium Charontis)
|-
| '''Trivium Charontis''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|t|r|ɪ|v|i|ə|m|_|k|ə|ˈ|r|ɒ|n|t|ᵻ|s}}||   "Crossroads of [[Charon (mythology)|Charon]]"
|-
| '''Mare Tyrrhenum''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɛər|iː|_|t|ᵻ|ˈ|r|iː|n|ə|m}} ||   "[[Tyrrhenian Sea]]" || [[Mare Tyrrhenum quadrangle]], [[Tyrrhenus Mons]], [[Tyrrhena Terra]]
|-
| '''Uchronia''' || {{IPAc-en|j|uː|ˈ|k|r|oʊ|n|i|ə}}||   "Nowhen"
|-
| '''Ulyxis Fretum''' || {{IPAc-en|j|uː|ˈ|l|ɪ|k|s|ɪ|s|_|ˈ|f|r|iː|t|ə|m}} || "Strait of [[Odysseus|Ulysses]]" || Ulyxis Rupes
|-
| '''Utopia''' || {{IPAc-en|j|uː|ˈ|t|oʊ|p|i|ə}}||   "Nowhere, [[Utopia]]" || [[Utopia Planitia]]
|-
| '''Vulcani Pelagus''' || {{IPAc-en|v|ʌ|l|ˈ|k|eɪ|n|aɪ|_|ˈ|p|ɛ|l|ə|ɡ|ə|s}}||   "Sea of [[Vulcan (mythology)|Vulcan]]"
|-
| '''Xanthi Sinus''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|z|æ|n|θ|aɪ|_|ˈ|s|aɪ|n|ə|s}}|| "Bay of Xanthus" || Xanthe Dorsa, [[Xanthe Terra]]
|-
| '''Xisuthri Regio''' || {{IPAc-en|z|ᵻ|ˈ|s|uː|θ|r|aɪ|_|ˈ|r|iː|dʒ|i|oʊ}}||   "Region of [[Xisuthrus]]"
|-
| '''Yaonis Regio''' || {{IPAc-en|ˈ|j|eɪ|ə|n|ᵻ|s|_|ˈ|r|iː|dʒ|i|oʊ}}||   "Region of [[Emperor Yao]]"
|-
| '''Zephyria''' || {{IPAc-en|z|ᵻ|ˈ|f|ɪr|i|ə}}||    "Land of the West Wind ([[Zephyrus|Zephyr]])" || Zephyria Planum, Zephyria Mensae
|}

==See also==
{{Div col|colwidth=24em}}
* [[Aspledon Undae]]
* [[Dark dune spots]]
* [[List of craters on Mars]]
* [[List of Martian canals]]
* [[Mars]]
* [[Martian canals]]
* [[Siton Undae]]
{{Div col end}}

==References==
{{reflist|colwidth=30em}}

==Further reading==
* {{cite journal |title= The Origins of Martian Nomenclature |first= T. L. |last= MacDonald |date= 1971 |journal= Icarus |volume= 15 |issue= 2 |pages= 233–240 |doi= 10.1016/0019-1035(71)90077-7 |bibcode= 1971Icar...15..233M }}
* {{cite book |title= The Planet Mars: A History of Observation and Discovery |first= William |last= Sheehan |url= https://archive.org/details/planetmarshistor00shee |format= Online book |publisher= University Arizona Press |series= Anthropological Papers of the |isbn= 978-0816516414 |date= 1996 |access-date= 2017-09-23 |url-access= registration }}

==External links==
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20050421032042/http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/jsp/SystemSearch2.jsp?System=Mars USGS Astrologeology Program, Martian Nomenclature]

{{Mars}}
{{Portal bar|Astronomy|Solar System|Science}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Classical Albedo Features On Mars}}
[[Category:Albedo features on Mars| ]]