View source for Conocybe macrospora

{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2023}}
{{Short description|Species of fungus}}
{{Speciesbox
| image = Conocybe macrospora 166988629.jpg
| taxon = Conocybe macrospora
| authority = ([[George Francis Atkinson|G.F. Atk.]]) [[Anton Hausknecht|Hauskn.]] (2003)
| synonyms = ''Galerula macrospora'' <small>[[George Francis Atkinson|G.F. Atk.]] (1918)</small><br/>
''Conocybe ochracea f. macrospora'' <small>[[Robert Kühner|Kühner]] ex [[Roy Watling|Watling]] (1971)</small><br/>
''Conocybe pubescens var. macrospora'' <small>[[Erhard Ludwig|E. Ludw]] (2007)</small><br/>
''Galera tenera f. bispora'' <small> J.E. Sass  (1929)</small><br/>
''Conocybe rubiginosa'' <small>[[Roy Watling|Watling]] (1980)</small><br/>
}}
{{Mycomorphbox
| name = ''Conocybe macrospora''
| hymeniumType = gills
| capShape = campanulate
| whichGills = adnexed
| stipeCharacter = bare
| sporePrintColor = brown
| ecologicalType = saprotrophic
| howEdible = unknown
| capShape2 = convex
}}

'''''Conocybe macrospora''''' is a species of [[mushroom]]-producing [[fungus]] in the family [[Bolbitiaceae]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web |title=Species fungorum – Conocybe macrospora (G.F. Atk.) Hauskn. |url=https://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/GSDSpecies.asp?RecordID=224093 |access-date= |website=www.speciesfungorum.org}}</ref><ref name=":2">{{Cite web |title=Mycobank Database – Conocybe macrospora |url=https://www.mycobank.org/page/Name%20details%20page/name/Conocybe%20macrospora}}</ref>

== Taxonomy ==
It was [[Species description|described]] in 1918 by the American mycologist George Francis Atkinson who classified it as ''Galerula macrospora''.<ref name=":3">{{Cite book |last1=American Philosophical Society. |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/86873#page/381/mode/1up |title=Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society held at Philadelphia for promoting useful knowledge |last2=Society |first2=American Philosophical |date=1918 |publisher=American Philosophical Society |volume=v. 57 (1918) |location=Philadelphia |pages=371}}</ref>

In 1929 [[John Eugene Sass]] described ''Galera tenera f. bispora'' as a [[Form (zoology)|form variant]] of ''Galera tenera'' (now known as ''[[Conocybe tenera]]'') which differed from this species by virtue of having two spored basidia with examination of the basidia being the only means noted of distinguishing them.<ref>{{Cite journal |last=Sass |first=John E. |date=1929 |title=The Cytological Basis For Homothallism And Heterothallism In The Agaricaceae |url=http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/handle/2027.42/141249 |journal=American Journal of Botany |language=en |volume=16 |issue=9 |pages=682–683 |doi=10.1002/j.1537-2197.1929.tb09513.x |hdl=2027.42/141249 |issn=0002-9122|hdl-access=free }}</ref> This form is listed as a synonym of ''Conocybe macrospora'' by species fungorum.

In 1971 ''Conocybe ochracea f. macrospora'' was described by [[Robert Kühner]] and [[Roy Watling]] and ''Conocybe rubiginosa'' as described by Watling is now also considered a synonym.<ref name=":1" />

In 2003 the species was reclassified as ''Conocybe macrospora'' by [[Anton Hausknecht]]<ref name=":0">{{Cite journal |last=Hausknecht |first=Anton |date=2003 |title=Beiträge zur Kenntnis der Bolbitiaceae 9. Conocybe Sekt Mixtae |url=https://www.zobodat.at/pdf/OestZPilz_12_0041-0083.pdf |journal=Österreichische Zeitschrift für Pilzkunde |volume=12}}</ref> and in ''Conocybe pubescens var. macrospora'' as described in 2007 by [[Erhard Ludwig]] is now also considered a synonym.<ref name=":1" />

== Description ==
'''Cap:''' 0.6–2.5&nbsp;cm wide and 0.5–2.2&nbsp;cm tall or up to 4&nbsp;cm wide and 3&nbsp;cm tall in the largest specimens, campanulate to convex and often as high as it is wide. The surface is pale orange to brown, hygrophanous and moist with striations running almost to the centre. It is smooth but when viewed under a magnifying glass has fine hairs. '''Gills:''' Adnexed, crowded and light yellow brown to light rusty brown with a slight ventricose bulge and lighter edge. '''Stem:''' 3.1–10&nbsp;cm long and 1-3mm thick or up to 15&nbsp;cm long and 4mm thick in the largest specimens. It is cylindrical with a slightly bulbous base that is 2-6mm thick. The surface is orange yellow with a yellow tip when immature and uniformly brassy yellow to orangy yellow when mature often with a slightly darker orange brown base when old. Longitudinal striations run up the length of the stem and the surface has some hairs. '''Flesh:''' Whitish to light yellow in the cap and orangish yellow in the stem. '''Smell:''' Odourless or slightly radish like when crushed. '''Taste:''' Indistinct.<ref name=":0" />

=== Microscopic details ===
'''Spores:''' (11.5) 13.5–21 (23.5) x 7.5–11 (12.5) μm or (15.1) 15.6–19 x 7.8–10.6 μm on average. Ellipsoidal or rarely slightly limoniform (lemon shaped) with a thick wall and large 2–4 μm wide germ pore. Orange-brown to reddish-brown in KOH. '''Basidia:''' 18–30 x 9–13.5 μm. 2 spored. Round-petiolate to barrel shaped. '''Cheilocystidia:''' 15–22.5 x 6–11 μm. Lecythiform (skittle shaped) with a large 3–4 (5) μm head and thick short neck. '''Caulocystidia:''' Mix of lecythiform similar to cheilocystidia but larger and non-lecythiform hairs almost evenly distributed over the length of the stem.<ref name=":0" />

== Habitat and distribution ==
The specimens studied by Atkinson were found growing on the ground amongst mixed grassed and moss on the edge of a coniferous wood near Stockholm, Sweden.<ref name=":3" /> Hausknecht described them as growing in grassy, nitrate-rich meadows or in dung, disturbed ground, compost and rarely in leaf litter or on the edge of burnt areas. It is common in Europe and Hausknecht's description was based on collection in Austria in Italy.<ref name=":0" />

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

{{Taxonbar|from=Q10657200}}

[[Category:Bolbitiaceae]]
[[Category:Fungi described in 1918]]
[[Category:Fungi of Europe]]
[[Category:Fungus species]]