View source for Help:IPA/Danish

{{IPA key|H:IPA-DA}}
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Danish language|Danish]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see [[Template:IPA]] and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

Transcriptions in articles are primarily based on the "distinct form" set out in {{harvp|Brink|Lund|Heger|Jørgensen|1991}}. Stress, [[stød]], and vowel length are frequently lost in actual running speech.

See [[Danish phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of the language.

{{Horizontal TOC}}

==Key==
{|
|- style="vertical-align: top;"
|
{| class="wikitable" style="margin-right: 1em;"
|+ [[Vowel]]s
! IPA
! Examples
! English approximation
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɑ̈|ɑ}}</big>
| ''t'''a'''k'' {{IPA|[ˈtsʰɑk]}}
| '''''a'''rt''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɑ̈|ɑː}}</big>
| ''r'''a'''ne'' {{IPA|[ˈʁɑːnə]}}
| ''f'''a'''ther''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɒ|ʌ}}</big><!--The link is correct, as Modern Standard Danish [ʌ] is closer to [ɒ] than to [ʌ], and it is weakly rounded. See the article 'Danish phonology', section 'Vowels'.-->
| '''''å'''nd'' {{IPA|[ˈʌnˀ]}}
| somewhat like '''''o'''ff''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɔ|ɒ}}</big><!--The link is correct, as Modern Standard Danish [ɒ] is open-mid, not open. See the article 'Danish phonology', section 'Vowels'.-->
| ''n'''or'''mal'' {{IPA|[nɒˈmɛˀl]}}
| '''''o'''ff''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɔ|ɒː}}</big><!--The link is correct, as Modern Standard Danish [ɒː] is open-mid, not open. See the article 'Danish phonology', section 'Vowels'.-->
| ''k'''or'''t'' {{IPA|[ˈkʰɒːt]}}
| ''d'''o'''g''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|æ}}</big>
| ''k'''a'''t'' {{IPA|[ˈkʰæt]}}
| ''b'''a'''t''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|æː}}</big>
| ''gr'''æ'''de'' {{IPA|[ˈkʁæːðə]}}
| ''b'''a'''d''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|e̝}}</big>
| ''b'''e'''d'' {{IPA|[ˈpe̝ð]}} ('garden plot')
| ''b'''i'''t''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|e̝ː}}</big>
| ''m'''e'''ne'' {{IPA|[ˈme̝ːnə]}}
| ''b'''i'''d''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|e}}</big>
| ''v'''e'''n'' {{IPA|[ˈven]}}, ''fr'''i'''sk'' {{IPA|[ˈfʁesk]}}
| ''b'''ai'''t''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|eː}}</big>
| ''m'''æ'''le'' {{IPA|[ˈmeːlə]}}
| ''b'''a'''de''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɛ}}</big>
| ''b'''æ'''r'' {{IPA|[ˈpɛɐ̯]}}
| ''b'''e'''t''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɛː}}</big>
| ''g'''a'''de'' {{IPA|[ˈkɛːðə]}}
| ''b'''e'''d''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|i}}</big>
| ''t'''i'''sse'' {{IPA|[ˈtsʰisə]}}
| ''b'''ea'''t''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|iː}}</big>
| ''m'''i'''le'' {{IPA|[ˈmiːlə]}}
| ''b'''ea'''d''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|o}}</big>
| ''f'''o'''t'''o''''' {{IPA|[ˈfoto]}}
| ''st'''o'''ry'', but short
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|oː}}</big>
| ''k'''o'''ne'' {{IPA|[ˈkʰoːnə]}}
| ''st'''o'''ry''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɔ̝|ɔ}}</big><!--The link is correct, as Modern Standard Danish [ɔ] is mid, not open-mid. See the article 'Danish phonology', section 'Vowels'.-->
| '''''o'''st'' {{IPA|[ˈɔst]}} ('cheese')
| [[Received pronunciation|RP]] ''th'''ough'''t''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɔ̝|ɔː}}</big><!--The link is correct, as Modern Standard Danish [ɔː] is mid, not open-mid. See the article 'Danish phonology', section 'Vowels'.-->
| ''m'''å'''le'' {{IPA|[ˈmɔːlə]}}
| RP ''l'''aw'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ø}}</big>
| ''n'''ø'''d'' {{IPA|[ˈnøðˀ]}}
| somewhat like ''h'''ur'''t''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|øː}}</big>
| ''l'''ø'''ber'' {{IPA|[ˈløːpɐ]}} ('runner')
| somewhat like ''h'''er'''d''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|œ̝|œ}}</big><!--The link is correct, as Modern Standard Danish [œ] is mid, not open-mid. See the article 'Danish phonology', section 'Vowels'.-->
| ''b'''ø'''nne'' {{IPA|[ˈpœnə]}}
| somewhat like ''h'''ur'''t''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|œ̝|œː}}</big><!--The link is correct, as Modern Standard Danish [œː] is mid, not open-mid. See the article 'Danish phonology', section 'Vowels'.-->
| ''h'''ø'''ne'' {{IPA|[ˈhœːnə]}}
| somewhat like ''h'''er'''d''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|œ|ɶ}}</big><!--The link is correct, as Modern Standard Danish [ɶ] is open-mid, not open. See the article 'Danish phonology', section 'Vowels'.-->
| ''t'''ø'''r'' {{IPA|[ˈtsʰɶɐ̯ˀ]}} ('dry')
| somewhat like ''b'''u'''t''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|œ|ɶː}}</big><!--The link is correct, as Modern Standard Danish [ɶː] is open-mid, not open. See the article 'Danish phonology', section 'Vowels'.-->
| ''r'''ø'''re'' {{IPA|[ˈʁɶːɐ]}}
| somewhat like ''b'''u'''d''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|u}}</big>
| '''''u'''d'' {{IPA|[ˈuðˀ]}}
| ''c'''oo'''l'' (short)
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|uː}}</big>
| ''h'''u'''le'' {{IPA|[ˈhuːlə]}}
| ''c'''oo'''l'' (long)
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|y}}</big>
| ''t'''y'''k'' {{IPA|[ˈtsʰyk]}}
| somewhat like ''ref'''u'''te''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|yː}}</big>
| ''s'''y'''nlig'' {{IPA|[ˈsyːnli]}}
| somewhat like ''f'''eu'''d''
|-
! colspan="3" | Unstressed-only
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɐ}}</big>
| ''løb'''er''''' {{IPA|[ˈløːpɐ]}} ('runner')
| ''cod'''a'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ð̩}}</big>
| ''mal'''et''''' {{IPA|[ˈmɛːlð̩]}}{{refn|name=syllabic|{{IPA|/əð, əl, ən/}} become [[syllabic consonant]]s {{IPA|[ð̩, l̩, m̩, n̩, ŋ̍]}} in a process known as [[Danish phonology#Schwa-assimilation|schwa-assimilation]] ({{IPA|[m̩, ŋ̍]}} are variants of {{IPA|/ən/}}, assimilated to the place of the preceding consonant). The process also often affects {{IPA|/ə/}} after a long vowel or {{IPA|/ð, j, l, n, v/}}, but these types of assimilation are not as ubiquitous as, and are more contextually constrained than, the aforementioned combinations {{harvcol|Basbøll|2005|pp=293ff}}, so they are not reflected in transcription.}}{{refn|name=softd|For most speakers, the sound represented by {{IPA|[ð]}} is more accurately a [[Velarization|velarized]] [[Laminal consonant|laminal]] [[Alveolar consonant|alveolar]] [[approximant]] {{IPA|[ð̠˕ˠ]}}. Rarely, it is realized as a [[fricative]].}}
| '''''the''' book'' (pronounced quickly)
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ə}}</big>
| ''hopp'''e''''' {{IPA|[ˈhʌpə]}}
| ''foc'''u'''s''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|l̩}}</big>
| ''gamm'''el''''' {{IPA|[ˈkɑml̩]}}{{refn|name=syllabic}}
| ''bott'''le'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|m̩}}</big>
| ''Køb'''en'''havn'' {{IPA|[kʰøpm̩ˈhɑwˀn]}}{{refn|name=syllabic}}
| ''rhyth'''m'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|n̩}}</big>
| ''vind'''en''''' {{IPA|[ˈve̝nˀn̩]}} ('the wind'){{refn|name=syllabic}}
| ''sudd'''en'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ŋ̍}}</big>
| ''rygg'''en''''' {{IPA|[ˈʁœkŋ̍]}}{{refn|name=syllabic}}
| ''Wash'''ing'''ton''
|-
! colspan="3" | Non-native
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɑ̃}}</big>
| ''ass'''em'''blé'' {{IPA|[æsɑ̃ˈple̝]}}
| [[American English|US]] ''croiss'''ant'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɑ̃ː}}</big>
| ''carte bl'''an'''che'' {{IPA|[ˌkʰɑːt ˈplɑ̃ːɕ]}}
| US ''croiss'''ant''''', but longer
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɒ̃}}</big>
| ''impr'''om'''ptu'' {{IPA|[æ̃pʰʁɒ̃ˈtsʰy]}}
| RP ''croiss'''ant'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|æ̃}}</big>
| '''''im'''promptu'' {{IPA|[æ̃pʰʁɒ̃ˈtsʰy]}}
| ''coq au v'''in'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɶ̃}}</big>
| ''eau de parf'''um''''' {{IPA|[otəpʰɑˈfɶ̃]}}
| somewhat like ''h'''ung'''''
|}
|
{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[Consonant]]s
! IPA
! Examples
! English approximations
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ɐ̯}}</big>
| ''e'''r''''' {{IPA|[ˈɛɐ̯]}}
| ''ne'''a'''r''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɕ}}</big>
| '''''sj'''at'' {{IPA|[ˈɕæt]}}
| '''''sh'''ip''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɹ|ð}}</big><!--The link is correct, as Modern Standard Danish [ð] is alveolar, not dental. See the article 'Danish phonology', section 'Consonants'.-->
| ''ø'''d'''e'' {{IPA|[ˈøːðə]}}{{refn|name=softd}}
| somewhat like ''ba'''th'''e'' or ''bai'''l'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|f}}</big>
| '''''f'''od'' {{IPA|[ˈfoðˀ]}}
| '''''f'''an''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|h}}</big>
| '''''h'''at'' {{IPA|[ˈhæt]}}
| '''''h'''eart''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|j}}</big>
| '''''j'''ord'' {{IPA|[ˈjoɐ̯ˀ]}}, ''mi'''g''''' {{IPA|[ˈmɑj]}}
| '''''y'''awn''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|k}}</big>
| '''''g'''od'' {{IPA|[ˈkoðˀ]}}
| ''s'''c'''ar''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|kʰ}}</big>
| '''''k'''one'' {{IPA|[ˈkʰoːnə]}}
| '''''c'''ar''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|l}}</big>
| '''''l'''ykke'' {{IPA|[ˈløkə]}}
| '''''l'''ake''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|m}}</big>
| '''''m'''od'' {{IPA|[ˈmoðˀ]}}
| '''''m'''an''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|n}}</big>
| '''''n'''ode'' {{IPA|[ˈnoːðə]}}
| '''''n'''ap''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ŋ}}</big>
| ''la'''ng''''' {{IPA|[ˈlɑŋˀ]}}
| ''ri'''ng'''''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|p}}</big>
| '''''b'''og'' {{IPA|[ˈpɔwˀ]}}
| ''s'''p'''ot''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|pʰ}}</big>
| '''''p'''ol'' {{IPA|[ˈpʰoˀl]}}
| '''''p'''ot''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʁ}}</big>
| '''''r'''ød'' {{IPA|[ˈʁœðˀ]}}
| French ''pa'''r'''ler''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|s}}</big>
| '''''s'''od'' {{IPA|[ˈsoðˀ]}}
| between '''''s'''ip'' and '''''sh'''ip'' ([[Voiceless alveolar fricative#Retracted alveolar|retracted]])
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|t}}</big>
| '''''d'''åb'' {{IPA|[ˈtɔˀp]}}
| ''s'''t'''art''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|tɕ}}</big>
| '''''tj'''ener'' {{IPA|[ˈtɕeːnɐ]}}
| '''''ch'''in''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ts|tsʰ}}</big>
| '''''t'''ak'' {{IPA|[ˈtsʰɑk]}}
| '''''t'''art''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʋ|v}}</big>
| '''''v'''åd'' {{IPA|[ˈvɔðˀ]}}
| '''''v'''ery''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|w}}</big>
| ''ha'''v''''' {{IPA|[ˈhɑw]}} ('ocean')
| ''co'''w'''''
|-
! colspan="3" | Non-native
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ç}}</big>
| ''lie'''ch'''tensteiner'' {{IPA|[ˈliçtn̩ˌstɑjnɐ]}}
| '''''h'''ue''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɹ}}</big>
| '''''r'''agtime'' {{IPA|[ˈɹækˌtsʰɑjm]}}
| '''''r'''ight''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʃ}}</big>
| ''nach'''s'''piel'' {{IPA|[ˈnɑχˌʃpiːl]}}
| '''''sh'''ine''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|θ}}</big>
| '''''th'''riller'' {{IPA|[ˈθɹilɐ]}}
| '''''th'''ick''
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|χ}}</big>
| ''na'''ch'''spiel'' {{IPA|[ˈnɑχˌʃpiːl]}}
| [[Scottish English|Scottish]] ''lo'''ch'''''
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+ [[Suprasegmentals]]
! IPA
! Example
! Description
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA|ˈ&nbsp;&nbsp;ˌ}}</big>
| ''husmor'' {{IPA|[ˈhusˌmoɐ̯]}}
| [[Stress (linguistics)|stress]] (places before the stressed syllable){{refn|In Standard Copenhagen Danish, a stressed syllable has a lower [[Fundamental frequency|pitch]] than the following unstressed syllable, which then has a high-falling pitch.}}
|-
| style="text-align: center;" | <big>{{IPA link|◌̰|ˀ}}</big>
| ''hun '''hund''''' {{Audio-IPA|DA-stød ex Hun Hund.ogg|[ˈhun ˈhunˀ]|help=no}}
| [[stød]]{{refn|[[Stød]], which is realized most often as [[creaky voice]] (found in English as the [[vocal fry register]]; {{angbr IPA|◌̰}} in standard IPA), can only occur after a long vowel or a sequence of a short vowel and {{IPA|[ð, j, l, m, n, ŋ, w, ɐ̯]}} in a stressed syllable. Phonologically long vowels with stød are shorter in realization, so they are transcribed as short in this guide (cf. ''pæn'' {{IPA|/ˈpɛːˀn/ [ˈpʰeˀn]}} 'nice', ''pen'' {{IPA|/ˈpɛnˀ/ [ˈpʰenˀ]}} 'pen').}}
|}
|}

==Comparison of transcription schemes==
Transcriptions of Danish in linguistic and lexicographic literature deviate from the standard IPA in many aspects  to dispense with diacritics and to maintain resemblance to the [[Dania transcription]], which was influential in the development of Danish linguistics and maintains resemblance to [[Danish orthography]]. The conventions of this guide, on the other hand, seek adherence to standard IPA usage as much as possible so that readers who are already familiar with the standard IPA do not have to look up or remember the value of each symbol in the Danish tradition.

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center; font-size: 125%;"
|- class="nowrap" style="font-size: 80%;"
! Wiki-<br />pedia
! Example
! [[#{{harvid|Basbøll|2005}}|Basbøll <br />(2005)]]
! [https://ordnet.dk/ddo/artiklernes-opbygning/udtale ''Den <br />Danske <br />Ordbog'']
! [[#{{harvid|Grønnum|2005}}|Grønnum <br />(2005)]]
! [[#{{harvid|Molbæk Hansen|1990}}|Molbæk <br />Hansen <br />(1990)]]
! [https://udtaleordbog.dk/ipa.php udtale-<br />ordbog<br />.dk]
! [[#{{harvid|Brink|Lund|Heger|Jørgensen|1991}}|Brink <br />et al. <br />(1991)]]
! [https://www.ordbogen.com/ ''Politikens <br />Nudansk <br />Ordbog'']
! Narrow <br />tran-<br />scription{{sfnp|Basbøll|2005}}
|-
! colspan="10" style="font-size: 80%;" | Vowels
|-
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɑ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''t'''a'''kke, s'''e'''jle''
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɑ
| class="IPA" | ɑ
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɑ
| class="IPA" | α
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | a
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''α, α̇''{{refn|name=alpha|Though indistinguishable in some fonts, {{angbr|1=<i style="font-family: serif;">α</i>}} for {{IPA|[ɑ]}} is the italic Greek alpha, not the Latin alpha, {{angbr|1=<i style="font-family: serif;">ɑ</i>}}, which represents {{IPA|[æ]}} in Dania.}}
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''α''{{refn|name=alpha}}
| rowspan="2" | {{IPAblink|ɑ̈}}
|-
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''kr'''æ'''ft''
| class="IPA" | a
| class="IPA" | æ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɑ̈''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ä''
|-
| class="IPA" | ɑː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''tr'''a'''ne, '''ar'''ne''
| class="IPA" | ɑː
| class="IPA" | ɑː
| class="IPA" | ɑː
| class="IPA" | αː
| class="IPA" | aː
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''α·''{{refn|name=alpha}}
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''α·''{{refn|name=alpha}}
| {{IPAblink|ɑ̈ː}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ʌ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''m'''å'''tte''
| class="IPA" | ʌ
| class="IPA" | ʌ
| class="IPA" | ʌ
| class="IPA" | ʌ
| class="IPA" | ɒ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɔ''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɔ''
| {{IPAblink|ɒ|ɒ̽}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ɒ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''v'''or'''''
| class="IPA" | ɒ
| class="IPA" | ɒ
| class="IPA" | ɒ
| class="IPA" | ɔ
| class="IPA" | ɒ
| style="font-family: serif;" | å{{refn|name=oblique|{{angbr|1=<span style="font-family: serif;">å</span>}} for {{IPA|[ɒ]}} is [[oblique type|oblique]] in print, but here shown in normal type because its italic form is indistinguishable from {{angbr|1=<i style="font-family: serif;">ɑ̊</i>}}, which represents {{IPA|[ɔ]}}, in most serif fonts.}}
| rowspan="2" style="font-family: serif;" | ''å<sup>r</sup>''{{refn|On Ordbogen.com, {{angbr|1=<i style="font-family: serif;">å<sup>r</sup></i>}} represents {{IPA|[ɒː]}} when stressed and {{IPA|[ɒ]}} when unstressed.}}
| {{IPAblink|ɔ|ɒ̝}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ɒː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''t'''år'''ne''
| class="IPA" | ɒː
| class="IPA" | ɒː
| class="IPA" | ɒː
| class="IPA" | ɔː
| class="IPA" | ɒː
| style="font-family: serif;" | å·{{refn|name=oblique}}
| {{IPAblink|ɔ|ɒ̝ː}}
|-
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | æ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''m'''a'''lle''
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | a
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | a
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | a
| class="IPA" | a
| class="IPA" | æ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɑ''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''a''
| {{IPAblink|æ}}
|-
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''r'''æ'''kke''
| class="IPA" | æ
| class="IPA" | aɪ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɑ̈''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ä''
| {{IPAblink|a}}
|-
| class="IPA" | æː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''gr'''æ'''de''
| class="IPA" | aː
| class="IPA" | aː
| class="IPA" | ɑː{{refn|name=groennum|Grønnum describes the speech of younger speakers than do other sources. This key follows the latter, which describe varieties where {{IPA|[æː, œ, œː, u, uː]}} can follow {{IPA|[ʁ]}} and {{IPA|[eː]}} can precede {{IPA|[ɐ]}}.}}
| class="IPA" | aː
| class="IPA" | æː
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɑ̈ð''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ä·''
| {{IPAblink|æː}}
|-
| class="IPA" | e̝
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''l'''i'''st''
| class="IPA" | e
| class="IPA" | e
| class="IPA" | e
| class="IPA" | e
| class="IPA" | e
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''e''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''e''
| {{IPAblink|e̝}}
|-
| class="IPA" | e̝ː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''m'''e'''le''
| class="IPA" | eː
| class="IPA" | eː
| class="IPA" | eː
| class="IPA" | eː
| class="IPA" | eː
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''e·''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''e·''
| {{IPAblink|e̝ː}}
|-
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | e
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''l'''æ'''st''
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɛ
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɛ
| class="IPA" | ɛ
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɛ
| class="IPA" | ɛ
| rowspan="2" style="font-family: serif;" | ''æ''
| rowspan="2" style="font-family: serif;" | ''æ''
| {{IPAblink|e}}
|-
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''br'''i'''st''
| class="IPA" | æ
| class="IPA" | æ
| {{IPAblink|e̞}}
|-
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | eː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''m'''æ'''le'', ''b'''æ'''re''
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɛː
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɛː
| class="IPA" | ɛː, æː{{refn|name=groennum}}
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɛː
| class="IPA" | ɛː, æː
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''æ·''
| rowspan="2" style="font-family: serif;" | ''æ·''
| {{IPAblink|eː}}
|-
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''gr'''e'''ne, kr'''æ'''se''
| class="IPA" | æː
| class="IPA" | æː
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''æ·, æᶖ''{{refn|name=i-hook}}
| {{IPA|[e̞ː~e̞j]}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ɛ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''b'''æ'''r''
| class="IPA" | æ
| class="IPA" | æ
| class="IPA" | æ
| class="IPA" | æ
| class="IPA" | æ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɑ̇''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ä''
| {{IPAblink|ɛ}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ɛː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''m'''a'''le''
| class="IPA" | æː
| class="IPA" | æː
| class="IPA" | æː
| class="IPA" | aː
| class="IPA" | æː
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɑ̇·''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''a·''
| {{IPAblink|ɛː}}
|-
| class="IPA" | i
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''m'''i'''s''
| class="IPA" | i
| class="IPA" | i
| class="IPA" | i
| class="IPA" | i
| class="IPA" | i
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''i''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''i''
| {{IPAblink|i}}
|-
| class="IPA" | iː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''m'''i'''le''
| class="IPA" | iː
| class="IPA" | iː
| class="IPA" | iː
| class="IPA" | iː
| class="IPA" | iː
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''i·''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''i·''
| {{IPAblink|iː}}
|-
| class="IPA" | o
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''f'''o'''t'''o'''''
| class="IPA" | o
| class="IPA" | o
| class="IPA" | o
| class="IPA" | o
| class="IPA" | o
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''o''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''o''
| {{IPAblink|o̝}}
|-
| class="IPA" | oː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''m'''o'''le''
| class="IPA" | oː
| class="IPA" | oː
| class="IPA" | oː
| class="IPA" | oː
| class="IPA" | oː
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''o·''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''o·''
| {{IPAblink|o̝ː}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ɔ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''o'''st''
| class="IPA" | ɔ
| class="IPA" | ɔ
| class="IPA" | ɔ
| class="IPA" | å
| class="IPA" | ɔ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɑ̊''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''å''
| {{IPAblink|ɔ̽}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ɔː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''m'''å'''le''
| class="IPA" | ɔː
| class="IPA" | ɔː
| class="IPA" | ɔː
| class="IPA" | åː
| class="IPA" | ɔː
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɑ̊·''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''å·''
| {{IPAblink|ɔ̽ː}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ø
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''k'''y'''s''
| class="IPA" | ø
| class="IPA" | ø
| class="IPA" | ø
| class="IPA" | ø
| class="IPA" | ø
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ø''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ø''
| {{IPAblink|ø}}
|-
| class="IPA" | øː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''k'''ø'''le''
| class="IPA" | øː
| class="IPA" | øː
| class="IPA" | øː
| class="IPA" | øː
| class="IPA" | øː
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ø·''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ø·''
| {{IPAblink|øː}}
|-
| class="IPA" | œ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''h'''ø'''ns, gr'''y'''nt''
| class="IPA" | œ
| class="IPA" | œ
| class="IPA" | œ, œ̞{{refn|name=groennum}}
| class="IPA" | ö
| class="IPA" | œ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ö''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ö''
| {{IPAblink|œ̝}}
|-
| class="IPA" | œː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''h'''ø'''ne, r'''ø'''be''
| class="IPA" | œː
| class="IPA" | œː
| class="IPA" | œː, œ̞ː{{refn|name=groennum}}
| class="IPA" | öː
| class="IPA" | œː
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ö·''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ö·''
| {{IPAblink|œ̝ː}}
|-
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɶ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''g'''ø'''r''
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɶ
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɶ
| class="IPA" | œ̞
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɔ̈
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | ɶ
| rowspan="2" style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɔ̈''
| rowspan="2" style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɔ̈''
| {{IPAblink|œ}}
|-
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''gr'''ø'''n''
| class="IPA" | ɶ
| {{IPAblink|ɶ|ɶ̝}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ɶː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''g'''ø'''re''
| class="IPA" | ɶː
| class="IPA" | ɶː
| class="IPA" | œ̞ː
| class="IPA" | ɔ̈ː
| class="IPA" | ɶː
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɔ̈·''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɔ̈·''
| {{IPAblink|œː}}
|-
| class="IPA" | u
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''g'''u'''ld, br'''u'''sk''
| class="IPA" | u
| class="IPA" | u
| class="IPA" | u, o{{refn|name=groennum}}
| class="IPA" | u
| class="IPA" | u
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''u''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''u''
| {{IPAblink|u}}
|-
| class="IPA" | uː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''m'''u'''le, r'''u'''se''
| class="IPA" | uː
| class="IPA" | uː
| class="IPA" | uː, oː{{refn|name=groennum}}
| class="IPA" | uː
| class="IPA" | uː
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''u·''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''u·''
| {{IPAblink|uː}}
|-
| class="IPA" | y
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''l'''y'''t''
| class="IPA" | y
| class="IPA" | y
| class="IPA" | y
| class="IPA" | y
| class="IPA" | y
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''y''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''y''
| {{IPAblink|y}}
|-
| class="IPA" | yː
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''k'''y'''le''
| class="IPA" | yː
| class="IPA" | yː
| class="IPA" | yː
| class="IPA" | yː
| class="IPA" | yː
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''y·''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''y·''
| {{IPAblink|yː}}
|-
! colspan="10" style="font-size: 80%;" | Unstressed-only
|-
| class="IPA" | ɐ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''fatt'''er'''''
| class="IPA" | ɐ
| class="IPA" | ʌ
| class="IPA" | ɐ
| class="IPA" | ʌ
| class="IPA" | ɐ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɔ''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɔ''
| {{IPAblink|ɒ|ɒ̽}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ð̩
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''mån'''ed'''''
| class="IPA" | ð̩
| class="IPA" | əð
| class="IPA" | ð̩
| class="IPA" | əð
| class="IPA" | ɤ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ð̩''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''əð''
| {{IPA|[ð̩˕˗ˠ]}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ə
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''hopp'''e'''''
| class="IPA" | ə
| class="IPA" | ə
| class="IPA" | ə
| class="IPA" | ə
| class="IPA" | ə
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ə''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ə''
| {{IPAblink|ə}}
|-
| class="IPA" | l̩
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''gamm'''el'''''
| class="IPA" | l̩
| class="IPA" | əl
| class="IPA" | l̩
| class="IPA" | əl
| class="IPA" | l
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''l̩''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''əl''
| {{IPA|[l̩]}}
|-
| class="IPA" | m̩
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''hopp'''en'''''
| class="IPA" | m̩
| rowspan="3" class="IPA" | ən
| class="IPA" | m̩
| rowspan="3" class="IPA" | ən
| class="IPA" | m
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''m̩''
| rowspan="3" style="font-family: serif;" | ''ən''
| {{IPA|[m̩]}}
|-
| class="IPA" | n̩
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''hest'''en'''''
| class="IPA" | n̩
| class="IPA" | n̩
| class="IPA" | n
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''n̩''
| {{IPA|[n̩]}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ŋ̍
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''pakk'''en'''''
| class="IPA" | ŋ̩
| class="IPA" | ŋ̩
| class="IPA" | ŋ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ŋ̩''
| {{IPA|[ŋ̍]}}
|-
! colspan="10" style="font-size: 80%;" | Consonants
|-
| class="IPA" | ɐ̯
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''smø'''r'''''
| class="IPA" | ɐ̯
| class="IPA" | ɐ̯
| class="IPA" | ɐ̯
| class="IPA" | ʀ
| class="IPA" | ɐ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɹ''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''r''
| {{IPA|[ɒ̯̽]}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ɕ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''sj'''at''
| class="IPA" | ɕ
| class="IPA" | ɕ
| class="IPA" | ɕ
| class="IPA" | ʃ
| class="IPA" | ɕ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ᶊ''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''sj''
| {{IPAblink|ɕ}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ð
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''ma'''d'''''
| class="IPA" | ð
| class="IPA" | ð
| class="IPA" | ð
| class="IPA" | ð
| class="IPA" | ɤ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ð''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ð''
| {{IPAblink|ɹ|ð̠˕ˠ}}
|-
| class="IPA" | f
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''f'''isk''
| class="IPA" | f
| class="IPA" | f
| class="IPA" | f
| class="IPA" | f
| class="IPA" | f
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''f''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''f''
| {{IPAblink|f}}
|-
| class="IPA" | h
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''h'''us''
| class="IPA" | h
| class="IPA" | h
| class="IPA" | h
| class="IPA" | h
| class="IPA" | h
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''h''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''h''
| {{IPAblink|h}}
|-
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | j
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''j'''ul''
| class="IPA" | j
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | j
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | j
| rowspan="2" class="IPA" | j
| class="IPA" | j
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''j''
| rowspan="2" style="font-family: serif;" | ''j''
| rowspan="2" | {{IPAblink|j}}
|-
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''mi'''g'''''
| class="IPA" | ɪ̯
| class="IPA" | ɪ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ᶖ''{{refn|name=i-hook|In print, the rightward hook in {{angbr|1=<i style="font-family: serif; padding-right: 0.15em;">ᶖ</i>}} extends directly from the stem of {{angbr|1=<i style="font-family: serif;">i</i>}} (somewhat like {{angbr|1=<i style="font-family: serif; padding-right: 0.15em;">ɭ̇</i>}} but shorter).}}
|-
| class="IPA" | k
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''g'''ås''
| class="IPA" | ɡ̊
| class="IPA" | ɡ
| class="IPA" | ɡ̊
| class="IPA" | g
| class="IPA" | k
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ɡ''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''g''
| {{IPAblink|k}}
|-
| class="IPA" | kʰ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''k'''ål''
| class="IPA" | kʰ
| class="IPA" | k
| class="IPA" | kʰ
| class="IPA" | k
| class="IPA" | kʰ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''k''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''k''
| {{IPA|[kʰ]}}
|-
| class="IPA" | l
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''l'''ås''
| class="IPA" | l
| class="IPA" | l
| class="IPA" | l
| class="IPA" | l
| class="IPA" | l
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''l''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''l''
| {{IPAblink|l}}
|-
| class="IPA" | m
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''m'''us''
| class="IPA" | m
| class="IPA" | m
| class="IPA" | m
| class="IPA" | m
| class="IPA" | m
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''m''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''m''
| {{IPAblink|m}}
|-
| class="IPA" | n
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''n'''i''
| class="IPA" | n
| class="IPA" | n
| class="IPA" | n
| class="IPA" | n
| class="IPA" | n
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''n''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''n''
| {{IPAblink|n}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ŋ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''perro'''n'''''
| class="IPA" | ŋ
| class="IPA" | ŋ
| class="IPA" | ŋ
| class="IPA" | ŋ
| class="IPA" | ŋ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ŋ''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ŋ''
| {{IPAblink|ŋ}}
|-
| class="IPA" | p
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''b'''ål''
| class="IPA" | b̥
| class="IPA" | b
| class="IPA" | b̥
| class="IPA" | b
| class="IPA" | p
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''b''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''b''
| {{IPAblink|p}}
|-
| class="IPA" | pʰ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''p'''ille''
| class="IPA" | pʰ
| class="IPA" | p
| class="IPA" | pʰ
| class="IPA" | p
| class="IPA" | pʰ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''p''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''p''
| {{IPA|[pʰ]}}
|-
| class="IPA" | ʁ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''r'''ose''
| class="IPA" | ʁ
| class="IPA" | ʁ
| class="IPA" | ʁ
| class="IPA" | r
| class="IPA" | ʁ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''r''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''r''
| {{IPAblink|ʁ̞}}
|-
| class="IPA" | s
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''s'''æl''
| class="IPA" | s
| class="IPA" | s
| class="IPA" | s
| class="IPA" | s
| class="IPA" | s
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''s''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''s''
| {{IPAblink|s}}
|-
| class="IPA" | t
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''d'''åse''
| class="IPA" | d̥
| class="IPA" | d
| class="IPA" | d̥
| class="IPA" | d
| class="IPA" | t
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''d''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''d''
| {{IPAblink|t}}
|-
| class="IPA" | tɕ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''tj'''ene''
| class="IPA" | tˢj
| class="IPA" | tj
| class="IPA" | t͡ɕ
| class="IPA" | tj
| class="IPA" | tɕ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''tj''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''tj''
| {{IPAblink|tɕ}}
|-
| class="IPA" | tsʰ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''t'''aske''
| class="IPA" | tˢ
| class="IPA" | t
| class="IPA" | tˢ
| class="IPA" | t
| class="IPA" | ts
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''t''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''t''
| {{IPAblink|ts|tsʰ}}
|-
| class="IPA" | v
| style="font-size: 80%;" | '''''v'''ams''
| class="IPA" | v
| class="IPA" | v
| class="IPA" | v
| class="IPA" | v
| class="IPA" | v
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''v''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''v''
| {{IPAblink|ʋ}}
|-
| class="IPA" | w
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''ha'''v'''''
| class="IPA" | ʊ̯
| class="IPA" | w
| class="IPA" | w
| class="IPA" | w
| class="IPA" | ʊ
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''w''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''w''
| {{IPAblink|w}}
|-
! colspan="10" style="font-size: 80%;" | [[Stød]] and stress
|-
| class="IPA" | ˈtsʰiˀ
| style="font-size: 80%;" | ''ti''
| class="IPA" | ˈtˢiːˀ
| class="IPA" | ˈtiˀ
| class="IPA" | ˈtˢiːˀ
| class="IPA" | ˈtiːʼ
| class="IPA" | ˈtsḭː
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ˈtiʼ''
| style="font-family: serif;" | ''ˈtiʼ''
| {{IPA|[ˈtsʰḭˑ]}}
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist|30em}}

==References==
{{refbegin}}
* {{cite book
|last=Basbøll
|first=Hans
|author-link=Hans Basbøll
|year=2005
|title=The Phonology of Danish
|publisher=Oxford University Press
|isbn=0-203-97876-5
}}
* {{cite book
|last1=Brink
|first1=Lars
|last2=Lund
|first2=Jørn
|last3=Heger
|first3=Steffen
|last4=Jørgensen
|first4=J. Normann
|year=1991
|title=Den Store Danske Udtaleordbog
|publisher=Munksgaard
|location=Copenhagen
|isbn=87-16-06649-9
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Grønnum
|first=Nina
|author-link=Nina Grønnum
|year=2005
|title=Fonetik og fonologi: almen og dansk
|edition=3rd
|location=Copenhagen
|publisher=Akademisk Forlag
|isbn=87-500-3865-6
}}
* {{cite book
|last=Molbæk Hansen
|first=Peter
|year=1990
|title=Udtaleordbog
|location=Copenhagen
|publisher=Gyldendal
|isbn=978-87-02-05895-6
}}
{{refend}}

==See also==
*{{clc|Pages with Danish IPA|pages}}

==External links==
* [https://sproghistorie.dk/lydsystem/ Overview of the Danish sound system] {{spoken}}

{{IPA keys}}