View source for Help:IPA/Slovene

{{IPA key|H:IPA-SL|H:IPAS}}
The charts below show the way in which the [[International Phonetic Alphabet|International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)]] represents [[Slovene language]] pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. For a guide to adding IPA characters to Wikipedia articles, see [[Template:IPA]] and {{section link|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation#Entering IPA characters}}.

See [[Slovene phonology]] for a more thorough look at the sounds of Slovene.

{| style="background: none"
| style="vertical-align:top;" |
{| class="wikitable"
|+[[Consonant]]s
|-
! [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Examples !! nearest English equivalent
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|b}}</big>
| '''b'''ob
| '''b'''ob
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|d̪|d}}</big>
| '''d'''an
| '''d'''one
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|d̪z̪|dz}}</big>
| brive'''c''' brije<ref name="voiced">{{IPA|[dz, ɣ, v]}} are allophones of {{IPA|/ts, x, f/}} that occur before voiced consonants ({{Harvcoltxt|Herrity|2000|p=16}}).</ref>
| hea'''ds'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|dʒ}}</big>
| '''dž'''ez
| '''G'''eor'''ge'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|f}}</big>
| '''f'''ilm
| '''f'''ilm
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɡ}}</big>
| '''g'''ora
| '''g'''ore
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɣ}}</big>
| vr'''h''' drevesa<ref name="voiced"/>
| ''Spanish'' ras'''g'''o
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|j}}</big>
| '''j'''az<ref name="j">Orthographic sequences {{angbr|lj, nj, rj}} are pronounced {{IPA|/lj, nj, rj/}} only if a vowel follows; otherwise, the {{IPA|/j/}} is not pronounced. For {{angbr|rj}}, it is reflected in the orthography, but for {{angbr|lj, nj}} it is not.</ref>
| '''y'''aw
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|k}}</big>
| '''k'''olo, brlo'''g'''
| '''c'''ola
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|l}}</big>
| '''l'''uka<ref name="j"/>
| '''L'''uke
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|m}}</big>
| '''m'''orje, Ista'''n'''bul<ref name="nasal">[[Nasal consonant|Nasals]] always [[Assimilation (phonology)|assimilate]] their place of articulation to that of the following consonant. Before [[velar consonant]]s they are {{IPAblink|ŋ}}, and before [[labial consonant]]s they are {{IPAblink|m}}; the labiodental {{IPAblink|ɱ}} appears before {{IPA|/f/}} and {{IPA|/ʋ/}}. Orthographic {{angbr|n}} before {{angbr|p}} and {{angbr|b}} is rare and is confined mostly to loanwords.</ref>
| '''m'''ore
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɱ}}</big>
| si'''m'''fonija, i'''n'''formacija<ref name="nasal"/>
| co'''m'''fort
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|n}}</big>
| '''n'''e<ref name="nasal"/><ref name="j"/>
| '''n'''o
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ŋ}}</big>
| ba'''n'''ka<ref name="nasal"/>
| ba'''n'''k
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|p}}</big>
| '''p'''et, bo'''b'''
| '''p'''et
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɾ}}</big>
| '''r'''obot
| ''US'' a'''t'''om
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|s̪|s}}</big>
| '''s'''tol, dže'''z'''
| '''s'''tole
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʃ}}</big>
| '''š'''um
| '''sh'''ell
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|t̪|t}}</big>
| '''t'''i, pre'''d'''
| '''t'''attoo
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|t̪s̪|ts}}</big>
| '''c'''ar
| shor'''ts'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|tʃ}}</big>
| '''č'''aj
| '''ch'''ur'''ch'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|v}}</big>
| filozo'''f''' Dolar<ref name="voiced"/>
| rowspan="2" | '''v'''an
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʋ}}</big>
| '''v'''oda
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|w}}</big>
| cerke'''v'''<ref name="w">Standard Slovene features three allophones of {{IPA|/v/}} (the latter two sometimes also occurring for {{IPA|/l/}}): before vowels, it is {{IPA|[ʋ]}}, after a vowel it is {{IPA|[w]}}, and between a syllable boundary and a voiceless consonant, it is {{IPA|[ʍ]}} ({{Harvcoltxt|Šuštaršič|Komar|Petek|1999|p=136}}).</ref>
| '''w'''e
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʍ}}</big>
| '''v'''si<ref name="w"/>
| '''wh'''ite ''(without [[whine-wine merger]]) or'' t'''w'''ice
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|x}}</big>
| '''h'''arfa
| ''Scottish'' lo'''ch'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|z̪|z}}</big>
| '''z'''ima
| '''z'''oo
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ʒ}}</big>
| '''ž'''aba
| fu'''s'''ion
|}
| style="vertical-align:top;" | 
{| class="wikitable"
|+Combinations of [[vowel]]s and [[Tone (linguistics)|tone]]<ref>Some scholars have found that vowel length in Standard Slovene is no longer distinctive, ({{Harvcoltxt|Šuštaršič|Komar|Petek|1999|p=136}}, {{cite web|title=On the vowel system in present-day Slovene|author=Tatjana Srebot-Rejec|url=http://nl.ijs.si/isjt98/zbornik/sdjt98-Srebot.pdf}}, {{Harvcoltxt|Srebot-Rejec|1988}}) and the only differences in vowel length are that the stressed vowels are longer than the unstressed ones,({{cite web|title=On the vowel system in present-day Slovene|author=Tatjana Srebot-Rejec|url=http://nl.ijs.si/isjt98/zbornik/sdjt98-Srebot.pdf}}, {{Harvcoltxt|Šuštaršič|Komar|Petek|1999|p=137}}) with stressed open syllables longer than stressed closed syllables ({{cite web|title=On the vowel system in present-day Slovene|author=Tatjana Srebot-Rejec|url=http://nl.ijs.si/isjt98/zbornik/sdjt98-Srebot.pdf}}).</ref>
|-
! colspan="5" | Low tone (or "rising") vowels
|-
! [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Stress<br/>orth. !! Tonal<br/>orth.<ref>Tonic marks are not part of the orthography but are found in dictionaries such as {{cite web|title=Slovenski pravopis 2001|url=http://bos.zrc-sazu.si/sp2001.html}} Tone marks can also be found on {{angbr|r}}, which signifies the sequence {{IPA|/ər/}}.</ref><ref name="tonestress">Wherever possible, one should transcribe Slovene with both tonic and stress marks. If the correct tones are unknown, it is acceptable to put only a stress-based transcription.{{fix|text=problem|title=this is clearly not the current practice as there are only a few transcriptions that indicate tone|link=Help talk:IPA/Slovene#Remove tonal diacritics and change the symbol for /a/?}}</ref> !! Examples !! nearest English equivalent
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ä|àː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | á
| d'''a'''nes
| f'''a'''ther
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɛ|ɛ̀ː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | ê
| style="text-align:center;" | é
| z'''e'''mlja
| ''British'' squ'''are'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|e|èː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | é
| style="text-align:center;" | ẹ́
| c'''e'''rkev
| l'''a'''t'''e'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ə|ə̀}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | è
| style="text-align:center;" | ə̀
| s'''e'''m (stressed)
| '''a'''bout
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA|ə̀ɾ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | ŕ
| v'''r'''ba
| ''US'' v'''er'''b (''but trilled'')
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|i|ìː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | í
| h'''i'''ša
| l'''ea'''st
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɔ|ɔ̀ː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | ô
| style="text-align:center;" | ó
| p'''o'''ten
| d'''o'''g
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|o|òː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | ó
| style="text-align:center;" | ọ́
| er'''o'''tičen
| st'''o'''ry
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|u|ùː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | ú
| tr'''u'''plo
| sc'''oo'''p
|-
! colspan="5" | High tone (or "falling") vowels
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɐ|á}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | à
| style="text-align:center;" | ȁ
| br'''a'''t
| str'''u'''t
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ä|áː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | á
| style="text-align:center;" | ȃ
| gr'''a'''d
| f'''a'''ther
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɛ|ɛ́}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | è
| style="text-align:center;" | ȅ
| m'''e'''t
| l'''e'''t
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɛ|ɛ́ː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | ê
| style="text-align:center;" | ȇ
| adv'''e'''rb
| ''British'' squ'''are'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|e|éː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | é
| style="text-align:center;" | ẹ̑
| kr'''e'''da
| l'''a'''t'''e'''
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ə|ə́}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | è
| style="text-align:center;" | ə̏
| p'''e'''s
| '''a'''bout
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA|ə́ɾ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | ŕ
| style="text-align:center;" | ȓ
| t'''r'''žnica
| ''US'' v'''er'''b (''but trilled'')
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|i|í}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | ì
| style="text-align:center;" | ȉ
| b'''i'''k
| l'''i'''st
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|i|íː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | í
| style="text-align:center;" | ȋ
| l'''i'''st
| l'''ea'''st
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɔ|ɔ́}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | ò
| style="text-align:center;" | ȍ
| '''o'''n
| '''o'''ff
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɔ|ɔ́ː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | ô
| style="text-align:center;" | ȏ
| alk'''o'''va
| d'''o'''g
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|o|óː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | ó
| style="text-align:center;" | ọ̑
| p'''o'''t
| st'''o'''ry
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|u|ú}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | ù
| style="text-align:center;" | ȕ
| kr'''u'''h
| f'''oo'''t
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|u|úː}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | ú
| style="text-align:center;" | ȗ
| rom'''u'''nščina
| sc'''oo'''p
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|y|ý}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | ǜ
| style="text-align:center;" | ü̏
| [[Danilo Türk|T'''ü'''rk]]<ref>{{IPA|/ý/}} appears only in loanwords and is often replaced by {{IPA|/í/}}.</ref>
| ''somewhat like'' c'''u'''te
|-
! colspan="5" | Unstressed vowels
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ä|a}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | a
| žen'''a'''
| f'''a'''ther (''but shorter'')
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɛ̝|ɛ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" rowspan="2" | e
| style="text-align:center;" | e
| medv'''e'''d
| l'''e'''t
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ə}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | ə
| dan'''e'''s
| '''a'''bout
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA|əɾ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" | er, r
| style="text-align:center;" | ər, r
| kod'''er''', pot'''r'''diti
| ''US'' v'''er'''b (''but trilled'')
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|i}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | i
| bit'''i'''
| l'''i'''st
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|ɔ̝|ɔ}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | o
| pot'''o'''k
| l'''o'''t
|-
| style="text-align:center;" | <big>{{IPA link|u}}</big>
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | u
| mam'''u'''t
| f'''oo'''t
|-
! colspan="5" | [[Stress (linguistics)|Stress]]<ref name="tonestress"/>
|-
! [[Help:IPA|IPA]] !! Stress<br/>orth. !! Tonal<br/>orth. !! Example !! Explanation
|-
| align="center' | <big>{{IPA|ˈ}}</big> || style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" | N/A
| {{IPA|[ˈsə̀m]}}
| primary stress
|}
|}

==Notes==
{{reflist|2}}

==Sources==
{{refbegin}}
* {{citation
|last=Herrity
|first=Peter
|title=Slovene: A Comprehensive Grammar
|location=London
|publisher=Routledge
|year=2000
|isbn=0-415-23148-5
}}
*{{citation
|last1=Pretnar
|first1=Tone
|last2=Tokarz
|first2=Emil
|title=Slovenščina za Poljake: Kurs podstawowy języka słoweńskiego
|location=Katowice
|publisher=Uniwersytet Śląski
|language=Polish
|year=1980
}}
* {{citation
|last=Srebot-Rejec
|first=Tatjana
|year=1988
|title=Word Accent and Vowel Duration in Standard Slovene: An Acoustic and Linguistic Investigation
|journal=Slavistische Beiträge
|volume=226
|place=Munich
|publisher=Verlag Otto Sagner
|isbn=3-87690-395-5
|url=http://digi20.digitale-sammlungen.de/en/fs1/object/display/bsb00050414_00001.html?prox=true&subjectSWD={Slowenisch}&context=&ngram=true&hl=scan&mode=simple
}}
* {{citation
|last=Šuštaršič
|first=Rastislav
|last2=Komar
|first2=Smiljana
|last3=Petek
|first3=Bojan
|year=1999
|chapter=Slovene
|title=Handbook of the International Phonetic Association: A guide to the use of the International Phonetic Alphabet
|place=Cambridge
|publisher=Cambridge University Press
|pages=135–139
|isbn=0-521-65236-7
|doi=10.1017/S0025100300004874
}}
{{refend}}

==See also==
*{{clc|Pages with Slovene IPA|pages}}

{{IPA keys}}