View source for Hermès

{{Short description|French luxury goods manufacturer}}
{{for|the ancient Greek deity|Hermes}}
{{for|the German delivery company|Hermes Europe}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}
{{Infobox company
| name = Hermès International S.A.
| logo = Hermès.svg
| logo_upright = 0.95
| logo_alt = Hermès logo
| image = Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré, Paris May 2006.jpg
| image_upright = 1.1
| image_alt = Hermès flagship location, 24 Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré, Paris
| image_caption = Hermès flagship, 24 Rue du Faubourg-Saint-Honoré, Paris
| type = [[Public company|Public]] ([[S.A. (corporation)|''Société Anonyme'']])
| traded_as = {{EuronextParis|RMS|FR0000052292|XPAR}}<br>[[CAC 40]] component 
| founder = [[Thierry Hermès]]
| hq_location = 24 [[Rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré]] – 75008 Paris, France<br /><small>{{coord|48|52|08|N|02|19|18|E|display=title,inline}}</small>
| key_people = [[Axel Dumas]] <small>(Executive Chairman)</small>, Henri-Louis Bauer <small>(Executive Manager and Chairman, Emile Hermès SARL)</small>, Éric de Seynes <small>(Chairman, [[Supervisory Board]])</small>, [[Pierre-Alexis Dumas]] <small>(Artistic Executive Vice President)</small>
| industry = [[Luxury goods]]
| products = [[Clothing]] and [[Fashion accessory|accessories]]
| revenue = {{increase}} [[Euro|€]]13.43 billion (2023)<ref name="Hermès Annual Report 2018">{{Cite web |url=https://finance.hermes.com/en/regulated-information/ |title=Regulated information |website=finance.hermes.com}}</ref>
| operating_income = {{increase}} €5.65 billion (2023)
| net_income = {{increase}} €4.31 billion (2023)
| assets = {{increase}} €20.45 billion (2023)
| equity = {{increase}} €15.20 billion (2023)
| num_employees = 22,037 (2023)
| owners = Hermès family and others <br /> (see [[#Shareholder structure|shareholder structure]])
| homepage = {{url|https://www.hermes.com/|hermes.com}}
| foundation = {{start date and age|1837}} in [[Paris]]
}}

'''Hermès International S.A.''' ({{IPAc-en|audio=En-us-Hermès.ogg|ɛər|ˈ|m|ɛ|z}} er-MEZ, {{IPA|fr|ɛʁmɛs|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-GrandCelinien-Hermès.wav}}) is a French [[Luxury goods|luxury]] design house  and manufacturer established in 1837. It specializes in leather goods, silk goods, lifestyle accessories, home furnishings, [[perfumery]], jewelry, watches and [[ready-to-wear]].<ref>{{Cite book |title=Activity Report 2023 |date=April 16, 2024 |publisher=Hermès |year=2024 |location=Paris |pages=14}}</ref> Since the 1950s, its logo has been a depiction of a [[Duke|ducal]] horse-drawn carriage.<!-- The lack of citations is purposeful. Refer to Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section#Citations for more information. Wikipedia allows there to be few to no citations in the lead area if it is cited within the main body. If there is something in the lead not cited in the main part drop a {{not found in body}} tag to indicate a missing citation and it will be addressed. -->

==History==
===Beginnings in the 19th century===
[[File:ThierryHermès.jpg|thumb|left|Thierry Hermès, founder of Hermès]]

[[Thierry Hermès]] was born in [[Krefeld]], [[Germany]], to a French father and a German mother. The family moved to France in 1828.<ref name="fashion">
 {{cite web |url=http://www.fashionmodeldirectory.com/designers/thierry-hermes/ |title=View the Profilepage of Designer: Hermes |publisher=Fashion Model Directory |access-date=21 April 2008}}</ref> In 1837, Hermès first established a [[Harness saddle|harness]] workshop in the [[Boulevards of Paris|Grands Boulevards]] [[Quarters of Paris|quarter of Paris]], dedicated to serving European noblemen.<ref name="world tempus">{{cite web |title=Hermès Watches |url=http://en.worldtempus.com/watch-brand/hermes-54 |website=Worldtempus.com |publisher=WorldTempus |access-date=30 April 2018}}</ref><ref name="finding">{{cite web |url=http://www.fundinguniverse.com/company-histories/Hermegrave;s-International-SA-Company-History.html |title=Hermès |access-date=21 April 2008}}</ref> He created high-quality wrought harnesses and bridles for the carriage trade,<ref name="ContemporaryFashion"/> winning several awards including the first prize in its class in [[Exposition Universelle (1855)|1855]], and again in [[Exposition Universelle (1867)|1867]], at the [[World's fair|Expositions Universelles]] in Paris.<ref name="ContemporaryFashion"/><ref name="fashionhist">{{cite web |url=http://www.fashionintime.org/hermes/ |title=History of Hermès |publisher=History of Fashion |access-date=8 December 2014}}</ref>

Hermès's son, Charles-Émile,<ref name="fashion"/> took over management from his father in 1880, and moved the shop to ''24 rue du Faubourg Saint-Honoré'', where it remains. With the help of his sons Adolphe and Émile-Maurice, Charles-Émile introduced [[saddle]]ry and started selling his products retail.<ref name="ContemporaryFashion"/> The company catered to the élite of Europe, North Africa, Russia, Asia, and the Americas. In 1900, the firm offered the ''[[Kelly bag|Haut à Courroies]]'' [[Kelly bag|bag]], specially designed for riders to carry their saddles with them.

===Hermès Frères era===
After Charles-Émile Hermès's retirement, sons Adolphe and Émile-Maurice took leadership and renamed the company Hermès Frères. Shortly after, Émile-Maurice began furnishing the [[Tsar of all Russia|tsar of Russia]] with saddles.<ref name="fashion"/> By 1914, up to 80 saddle craftsmen were employed. Subsequently, Émile-Maurice was granted the exclusive rights to use the zipper for leather goods and clothing, becoming the first to introduce the device in France.<ref name="world tempus"/> In 1918, Hermès introduced the first leather golf jacket with a zipper, made for [[Edward VIII|Edward, Prince of Wales]].<ref name="fashionhist"/> Because of its exclusive rights arrangement the zipper became known in France as the ''fermeture Hermès'' (Hermès fastener).<ref name="ContemporaryFashion"/>

Throughout the 1920s, when he was the sole head of the firm, Émile-Maurice added accessories and clothing collections.<ref name="world tempus"/><ref name="finding"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.styl.sh/articles/186-the-story-behind-hermes |title=The Story Behind Hermès |publisher=Styl.sh | access-date = 7 September 2013 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140111010629/https://www.styl.sh/articles/186-the-story-behind-hermes | archive-date = 11 January 2014 | url-status = dead}}</ref> He also groomed his three sons-in-law (Robert Dumas, Jean-René Guerrand, and Francis Puech) as business partners. In 1922, the first leather handbags were introduced after Émile-Maurice's wife complained of not being able to find one to her liking. Émile-Maurice created the handbag collection himself.<ref name="fashion"/>

[[File:Hermès-1923.jpg|thumb|Hermès Frères advertisement, 1923]]
In 1924, Hermès established a presence in the United States and opened two shops outside of Paris. In 1929, the first women's [[haute couture|couture]] apparel collection was previewed in Paris.<ref name="fashion"/> During the 1930s, Hermès introduced some of its most recognized original goods<ref name="world tempus"/> such as the leather "Sac à dépêches" in 1935 (later renamed the "Kelly bag" after [[Grace Kelly]]), and the Hermès ''carrés'' (square scarves) in 1937.<ref name="world tempus"/>

The scarves became integrated into [[Culture of France|French culture]].<ref name="finding"/> In 1938, the "Chaîne d'ancre" bracelet and the riding jacket and outfit joined the classic collection. By this point, the company's designers began to draw inspirations from paintings, books, and ''objets d'art''.<ref name="world tempus"/> The 1930s also witnessed Hermès's entry into the United States market by offering products in a Neiman Marcus department store in [[New York City|New York]]; however, it later withdrew.<ref name="finding"/> In 1949, the same year as the launch of the Hermès silk tie, the first perfume, "Eau d'Hermès", was produced.

From the mid-1930s, Hermès employed [[Swiss made#A Swiss watch|Swiss watchmaker]] [[Universal Genève]] as the brand's first and exclusive designer of timepieces, producing a line of men's wrist [[chronograph]]s<ref>{{cite web |url=http://catalog.antiquorum.com/catalog.html?action=load&lotid=384&auctionid=206 |title=Pour Hermès Universal, Genève, case No. 605738. Made for Hermès circa 1935. Very fine and extremely rare 18K yellow gold wristwatch with square button chronograph, register, telemeter and tachometer. |publisher=antiquorum.com | access-date = 7 November 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120118140733/http://catalog.antiquorum.com/catalog.html?action=load&lotid=384&auctionid=206 | archive-date = 18 January 2012 | url-status = dead}}</ref> (manufactured in 18K gold or stainless steel) and women's [[Art Déco]] cuff watches in 18K gold, steel, or [[platinum]]. Both models contained dials signed either "Hermès" or "Hermès Universal Genève", while the [[Movement (clockwork)|watch movements]] were signed "Universal Genève S.A.". The Hermès/Universal partnership lasted until the 1950s.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://catalog.antiquorum.com/catalog.html?action=load&lotid=40&auctionid=124 |title=Universal Genève for Hermes-Paris, year 1950. Raro ed elegante orologio da polso per uomo rettangolare asimmetrico, in oro 18 ct. |publisher=antiquorum.com | access-date = 7 November 2011 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20120118131932/http://catalog.antiquorum.com/catalog.html?action=load&lotid=40&auctionid=124 | archive-date = 18 January 2012 | url-status = dead}}</ref>

Émile-Maurice summarized the Hermès philosophy during his leadership as "leather, sport, and a tradition of refined elegance."<ref name="ContemporaryFashion">{{cite book |author=Martin, Richard |title=''Contemporary Fashion'' |publisher=St. James Press |location=London |year=1995 |isbn=1-55862-173-3 |page=750}}</ref>

===Post-Émile-Maurice Hermès===
Robert Dumas-Hermès (1898–1978), who succeeded Émile-Maurice after his death in 1951, closely collaborated with brother-in-law Jean-René Guerrand.<ref name="world tempus"/> Dumas became the first man not directly descended from ''Hermès père'' to lead the company because his connection to the family was only through marriage. Thus, he incorporated the Hermès name into his own, Dumas-Hermès.

The company also acquired its Duc-carriage-with-horse logo and signature orange paper boxes in the early 1950s.<ref name="world tempus"/> Dumas introduced original handbags, jewelry, and accessories and was particularly interested in design possibilities with the silk scarves.<ref name="world tempus"/> During the mid-20th century, scarf production diminished.<ref name="finding"/> World Tempus, a [[Web portal]] dedicated to watchmaking, states: "Brought to life by the magic wand of Annie Beaumel, the windows of the store on the [rue du] Faubourg Saint-Honoré became a theatre of enchantment and [established the store as] a Parisian meeting-place for international celebrities."<ref name="world tempus"/> In 1956, ''[[Life (magazine)|Life]]'' magazine featured a photograph of Grace Kelly, who had become the new Princess of [[Monaco]], carrying the "Sac à dépêches" bag. Purportedly, she held it in front of herself to disguise her pregnancy. Thus, when the public began calling it the "Kelly" bag, a name subsequently adopted by Hermès, it became hugely popular.

The perfume business became a subsidiary in 1961, concurrently with the introduction of the "Calèche" scent, named after a hooded four-wheeled horse carriage, known since the 18th century, and is also the company's logo since the 1950s. In 2004, [[Jean-Claude Ellena]] became the in-house perfumer or "nose" and has created several successful scents, including the Hermessence line of fragrances.<ref name="fashion"/>

===Decline and revamp===
[[File:Hermès Store, Avenue George V, Paris 8e 003.JPG|thumbnail|Hermes store at [[Avenue George V]] in [[8th arrondissement of Paris|Paris 8th arrondissement]], France]]
Despite apparent success in the 1970s, exemplified by multiple stores having been established worldwide, including one in [[The Peninsula Hong Kong]] in 1975, Hermès declined relative to its competitors, industry observers attributed this decline to Hermès' insistence on exclusively using natural materials for its products, a differentiation from competitors that were using new, synthetic materials.<ref name="finding"/> A two-week lapse in orders exemplified this shift: the Hermès workrooms were silent.<ref name="finding"/> A market shift from artificial ingredients back to natural materials renewed demand for Hermès' fragrances and improved the company's prospects, contributing to the re-establishment of Hermès as a major player in the fragrance industry.{{Citation needed|date=November 2023}}

[[Jean-Louis Dumas]], the son of Robert Dumas-Hermès, traveled extensively,<ref name="fashion"/> studying in the buyer-training program at [[Bloomingdale's]], the New York department store, and joined the family firm in 1964. He became chairman of Hermès in 1978 and concentrated the firm on silk, leather goods, and ready-to-wear, augmenting traditional techniques with new product lines. This transition was instrumental in turning around Hermès’ decline.<ref name="finding"/>

Dumas brought in designers Eric Bergère and Bernard Sanz to revamp the apparel collection and, in collaboration, added unusual entries. They included the [[Pythonidae|python]] motorcycle jackets and ostrich-skin jeans, which were dubbed as "a snazzier version of what Hermès has been all along." (Annual sales in 1978, when Jean-Louis became head of the firm, were reported at US$50&nbsp;million.<ref name="finding"/> By 1990, annual sales were reported at US$460 million, mainly due to Dumas's strategy.) In 1979, he launched an advertising campaign featuring a young, denim-clad woman wearing an Hermès scarf. The purpose was to introduce the Hermès brand to a new set of consumers. As one fashion-sector observer noted: "Much of what bears the still-discreet Hermès label changed from the object of an old person's [[nostalgia]] to the subject of young peoples' dreams."<ref name="finding"/> However, Dumas's change-of-image created outrage both within and outside of the firm.

Also in the 1970s, the watch subsidiary, La Montre Hermès, was established in [[Bienne, Switzerland]]. Then, throughout the 1980s, Dumas strengthened the company's hold on its suppliers,<ref name="finding"/> resulting in Hermès's gaining great stakes in prominent French [[glassware]], [[silver (household)|silver]]ware acquiring venerable [[tableware]] manufacturers such as [[Jean Puiforcat|Puiforcat]], [[Saint-Louis (glass manufacturer)|Saint-Louis]], and Périgord.<ref name="finding"/>

===Growth===
[[File:HERMES in Prince's Building 202103.jpg|thumb|Hermès flagship store in [[Prince's Building]], [[Hong Kong]]]] 
From the 1980s, tableware became a strong segment of the firm.<ref name="finding"/> And, overall, the collection of Hermès goods expanded in 1990 to include over 30,000 pieces. New materials used in the collection included porcelain and crystal.<ref name="ContemporaryFashion"/>

Hermès relocated its workshops and design studios to Pantin, just outside Paris.<ref name="world tempus"/> By June 1993, Hermès had gone public on the [[Paris Bourse]] (stock exchange). At the time, the equity sale generated great excitement. The 425,000 shares floated at FFr 300 (US$55 at the time) were oversubscribed by 34 times.<ref name="finding"/> Dumas told ''[[Forbes magazine]]'' that the equity sale would help lessen family tensions by allowing some members to liquidate their holdings without "squabbling over share valuations among themselves."<ref name="finding"/>

To this time, the Hermès family was still retaining a strong hold of about 80% in stocks, placing Jean-Louis Dumas and the entire family on the ''[[Forbes]]'' [[list of billionaires]].<ref name="finding"/> Mimi Tompkins of ''U.S. News & World Report'' called the company "one of Paris' best guarded jewels."

In the following years, Dumas decreased Hermès franchises from 250 to 200 and increased company-owned stores from 60 to 100 to better control sales of its products.<ref name="finding"/> The plan was to cost about FFr 200&nbsp;million in the short term but to increase profits in the long term. Having around FFr 500&nbsp;million to invest, Hermès pressed ahead, targeting [[China]] for company-operated boutiques, finally opening a store in [[The Peninsula Beijing]] in 1997.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://wwd.com/business-news/retail/hermes-revamp-first-mainland-china-store-the-peninsula-beijing-1235615020/|title=Hermès Revamps First Mainland China Store in The Peninsula Beijing|first=Tianwei|last=Zhang|date=17 April 2023}}</ref>

In 1997, Jean-Louis hired iconoclastic Belgian designer [[Martin Margiela]] to supervise women's ready-to-wear.

By the late 1990s, Hermès continued extensively to diminish the number of franchised stores, buying them up and opening more company-operated boutiques. The fashion industry was caught off guard in September 1999, when Jean-Louis decided to pay FFr 150&nbsp;million for a 35% stake in the [[Jean-Paul Gaultier]] fashion house.<ref name="finding"/> In the latter part of the 1900s, the company encouraged its clientele to ''faites nous rêver'' (make us dream), producing throughout the period artistically atypical orders.

===The 2000s to today===
[[File:Hermès, Madrid, Spain España.jpg|thumb|Hermès, [[Madrid]], [[Spain]] (2016)]]

In 2003, [[Martin Margiela]] left Hermès, and hired [[Jean Paul Gaultier]] as the head designer, debuted his first ready-to-wear collection for fall/winter 2004–05.<ref name="fashion"/><ref>{{cite news |url=http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/g/jean_paul_gaultier/index.html |title=Jean Paul Gaultier News |work=The New York Times |first=Eric |last=Wilson | access-date=4 May 2010}}</ref>

After 28 years as head of the firm, Jean-Louis Dumas retired in January 2006; he died in 2010 after a long illness.<ref name="fashion"/> Patrick Thomas, who had joined the company in 1989, and who had worked with Jean-Louis as the co-CEO from 2005, replaced him. Thomas became the first non-Hermès family member to head the company.

In February 2015 Hermès has announced an increase of its turnover of 9.7 percent representing more than €4 billion in sales.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fashionunited.uk/news/business/record-profit-and-exceptional-dividend-offset-lower-target-for-herme-s/2015032715991 |first=Angela |last=Gonzalez-Rodriguez |date=27 March 2015 |access-date=17 June 2015 |work=[[FashionUnited]] |title=Record profit and exceptional dividend offset lower target for Hermès}}</ref> This increase is internationally visible. In Asia, excluding Japan, where the turnover grew by 7 percent, in America with a 10 percent rise, and in [[Europe]] a growth of 7 percent was achieved. A good performance in the group's stores was generated.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://fashionunited.uk/news/business/hermes-h1-revenues-accelerate-21-percent/2015072117113 |first=Prachi |last=Singh |date=21 July 2015 |access-date=29 July 2015 |publisher=FashionUnited |title=Hermes H1 revenues accelerate 21 percent}}</ref>

In March 2018, Hermès opened a multi-story shop at the Dubai Mall, their largest to date.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.thenational.ae/lifestyle/fashion/first-look-dubai-mall-extension-is-now-open-1.711573 |title=First look: Dubai Mall extension is now open |website=The National |date=9 March 2018 |language=en |access-date=2018-12-24}}</ref> In 2019, the brand was ranked 33rd in the Forbes List "World's Most Valuable Brands".<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.forbes.com/companies/hermes-international/#14fc29f93329 |title=Hermès International profile |website=Forbes |language=en |access-date=2019-05-22}}</ref> The 2021 review of [[World Intellectual Property Organization|WIPO]]'s annual [[World Intellectual Property Indicators]] ranked Hermès 7th in the world for the 68 industrial design registrations that were published under the [[WIPO Hague System|Hague System]] during 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021 |url=https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo_pub_941_2021.pdf |access-date=30 November 2021 |publisher=WIPO}}</ref> This position is significantly up on their previous 15th-place ranking for their 27 industrial design registrations published in 2019.<ref>{{Cite book |author1=World Intellectual Property Organization |url=https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4526 |title=World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020 |publisher=World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) |year=2020 |isbn=9789280532012 |series=World IP Indicators (WIPI) |language=en |doi=10.34667/tind.42184 |access-date=2021-08-26}}</ref>

Following a landmark jury verdict, in February 2023, a New York court ordered artist Mason Rothschild to pay $133,000 in damages to Hermès, for infringing its copyright in his 2021 digital depictions of the [[Birkin bag]] in [[NFT]]s.<ref>{{Cite news |date=2023-02-08 |title=Hermès wins landmark lawsuit over 'MetaBirkin' NFTs |work=Financial Times |url=https://www.ft.com/content/5f40179e-7124-4479-8124-df193c49c276 |access-date=2023-02-10}}</ref>

==== 2020 Health and Economic Crisis Followed by Rebound ====

Against the backdrop of the [[Covid-19]] health crisis, the group witnessed a 7% sales drop and a 9% decline in net profit in 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |author=Cercle Finance |date=2021-02-19 |title=Hermès: Annual Net Profit Falls by 9% |url=https://www.boursorama.com/bourse/actualites/hermes-baisse-de-9-du-resultat-net-annuel-d8b18a7d419bc56a55276701c72c5f56 |access-date=2021-02-23 |archive-date=14 February 2022 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220214065217/https://www.boursorama.com/bourse/actualites/hermes-baisse-de-9-du-resultat-net-annuel-d8b18a7d419bc56a55276701c72c5f56 |url-status=dead }}</ref> The decrease in [[Europe]]an activity was partly offset by increased activity in Asia during the latter half of 2020.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hermès a limité la casse en 2020 grâce au rebond de l'Asie |url=https://www.bfmtv.com/economie/entreprises/hermes-a-limite-la-casse-en-2020-grace-au-rebond-de-l-asie_AD-202102190124.html |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=BFM BUSINESS |language=fr}}</ref>

In 2021, the group reported a net profit of €2.445 billion and €9 billion in sales, achieving an operating margin of 39.3%. These results surpassed pre-pandemic figures.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-02-18 |title=Hermès : ventes, bénéfice net et marge records en 2021 bien au-delà d'avant la pandémie |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/hermes-ventes-benefice-net-et-marge-records-en-2021-bien-au-dela-d-avant-la-pandemie-20220218 |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=LEFIGARO |language=fr}}</ref>

At the start of 2022, sales surged 33% in the first quarter compared to early 2021.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-14 |title=Hermès: croissance d'un tiers du CA au 1er trimestre |url=https://www.latribune.fr/bourse/la-bourse-en-continu/hermes-croissance-d-un-tiers-du-ca-au-1er-trimestre-914035.html |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=La Tribune |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2011-08-31 |title=Hermès ignore superbement la crise |url=https://www.challenges.fr/entreprise/hermes-ignore-superbement-la-crise_337056 |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=Challenges |language=fr}}</ref> With €2.765 billion in sales during this period, Hermès outpaced analysts' forecasts despite concerns over the war in Ukraine and repeated lockdowns in China.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-04-14 |title=Hermès voit ses ventes bondir de 33% au premier trimestre |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/hermes-voit-ses-ventes-bondir-de-33-au-premier-trimestre-20220414 |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=LEFIGARO |language=fr}}</ref> In March 2022, after the [[Russian invasion of Ukraine]] started, Hermès announced the temporary closure of its Russian operations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hermès Temporarily Shuts Stores in Russia |url=https://www.bfmtv.com/economie/entreprises/hermes-ferme-temporairement-ses-magasins-en-russie_AV-202203040269.html |access-date=2023-02-19}}</ref> About 60 employees were affected across three stores.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-03-04 |title=Hermès suspend ses activités en Russie, trois magasins et une soixantaine de salariés concernés |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/hermes-suspend-ses-activites-en-russie-trois-magasins-et-une-soixantaine-de-salaries-concernes-20220304 |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=LEFIGARO |language=fr}}</ref> Ultimately, in the first half of 2022, Hermès' net profit jumped 39.7% to €1.64 billion. Sales growth spanned all regions, totaling €5.475 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Hermès: Record Margin in First Half |url=https://fr.fashionnetwork.com/news/premiumContent,1428468.html |access-date=2023-02-19}}</ref><ref>{{Cite news |date=2017-04-25 |title=LVMH compte racheter Christian Dior couture |language=fr |work=Le Monde.fr |url=https://www.lemonde.fr/entreprises/article/2017/04/25/lvmh-compte-racheter-christian-dior-couture_5116894_1656994.html |access-date=2023-08-30}}</ref> Celebrating the achievement, the group touted a record operating margin of 42.1%.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-07-29 |title=Hermès au galop en Chine après le confinement |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/societes/hermes-rapporte-un-benefice-net-en-hausse-de-39-7-et-une-marge-record-au-premier-semestre-20220729 |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=LEFIGARO |language=fr}}</ref>

In Q1 2023, Hermès recorded a 22% sales surge, reaching €3.4 billion.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-14 |title=Hermès : bond de 22% des ventes au premier trimestre à 3,4 milliards d'euros |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-eco/hermes-bond-de-22-des-ventes-au-premier-trimestre-a-3-4-milliards-d-euros-20230414 |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=LEFIGARO |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2022-01-16 |title=gizapo.com |url=https://gizapo.com/ |access-date=2023-08-30 |language=en-US |archive-date=1 July 2023 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20230701230112/https://gizapo.com/ |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2012-02-10 |title=Hermès, galvanisé, sort de son silence et charge LVMH |url=https://www.huffingtonpost.fr/actualites/article/hermes-les-bons-resultats-2011-relancent-la-guerre-contre-lvmh_811.html |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=Le HuffPost |language=fr}}</ref> Also in 2023, the company won a copyright lawsuit against American artist Mason Rothschild, who replicated and sold the Birkin bag as an NFT collection.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Ottavi |first=Marie |title=MetaBirkins : Hermès 1, NFT 0 |url=https://www.liberation.fr/lifestyle/mode/metabirkins-hermes-1-nft-0-20230208_NQVLDYGCNBERJEQNZC7EUV2RRI/ |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=Libération |language=fr}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-29 |title=NFTs MetaBirkins : la justice confirme le verdict en faveur d'Hermès. |url=https://journalduluxe.fr/fr/mode/nfts-proces-metabirkins-hermes-verdict-fin |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=journalduluxe.fr |language=fr}}</ref> In the same year, the group announced four new production sites in [[France]]: [[Espagnac]], [[Loupes]], [[Riom]], and [[Charleville-Mézières]].<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-04-20 |title=Hermès Establishes New Leather Workshop in Charleville-Mézières |url=https://www.capital.fr/entreprises-marches/hermes-implantera-sa-nouvelle-maroquinerie-a-charleville-mezieres-1466244 |access-date=2021-02-19}}</ref>

Hermès presented "Hermès in the Making," a traveling exhibition across [[France]] in 2023, showcasing its artisanal craftsmanship.<ref>{{Cite web |date=2023-06-14 |title="Hermès in the Making": la très attendue escale lilloise de l'événement Hermès |url=https://www.lefigaro.fr/industrie-mode/hermes-in-the-making-la-tres-attendue-escale-lilloise-de-l-evenement-hermes-20230614 |access-date=2023-08-30 |website=LEFIGARO |language=fr}}</ref>

In Q3 2023, Hermès reported 16% growth, slowing from 28% in Q2 but still outpacing key rivals such as LVMH who was flat and Kering who reported a decline in Q3 2023.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Richford |first=Rhonda |date=2023-10-24 |title=Hermès Growth Slows in Q3 but Still Outpaces Luxury Rivals |url=https://wwd.com/business-news/financial/hermes-sales-up-16-percent-q3-1235886653/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=WWD |language=en-US}}</ref> Analysts suggest this resilience is due to Hermès impeccable brand image, storytelling, and positioning, as well as citing the broader consumer interest in "quiet luxury".<ref>{{Cite web |last=Langer |first=Daniel |date=2023-10-30 |title=What Q3 results reveal: Why some luxury brands are in crisis while others outperform |url=http://jingdaily.com/q3-results-kering-gucci-balenciaga/ |access-date=2023-11-07 |website=Jing Daily |language=en}}</ref>

==Designers==
The designers throughout the company's history have included [[Lola Prusac]], Jacques Delahaye, Catherine de Karolyi, Monsieur Levaillant, Nicole de Vesian, Eric Bergère, Claude Brouet, Tan Giudicelli, Marc Audibet, Mariot Chane, Bernard Sanz, [[Martin Margiela]], [[Jean-Paul Gaultier]], [[Christophe Lemaire (fashion designer)|Christophe Lemaire]], Véronique Nichanian (the men's-wear designer since 1988), and [[Nadège Vanhee-Cybulski]] (since 2014 succeeding Lemaire).<ref name="fashion"/>

==Goods and products==
[[File:Hermes soap.jpg|thumb|An Hermès soap bar bearing the logo]]

Known for luxury goods, by 2008, Hermès had 14 product divisions that encompassed leather, scarves, ties, men's wear, women's wear, perfume, watches, stationery, footwear, gloves, enamelware, decorative arts, tableware, and jewellery.<ref name="world tempus"/>

Hermès sales compose about 30% leather goods, 15% clothes, 12% scarves, and 43% other wares.<ref name="fashion"/> The company licenses no products and keeps tight control over the design and manufacture of its vast inventory.<ref name="ContemporaryFashion"/>

The firm is very attached to its traditional business model and rejects mass production, assembly lines, and mechanization. Hermès's goods are almost entirely made in France by hand in middle-sized workshops known as Les Ateliers Hermès that emphasise high-quality manufacturing. Indeed, Hermès claims most items are fabricated from beginning to end by only one person, which is supposed to guarantee the quality and uniqueness of its products.

===Scarves===

The scarf or ''carré'' (square) was introduced in 1937.<ref name="finding"/> The first example was a 70&nbsp;cm x 70&nbsp;cm print of white-wigged females playing a popular period game, a custom-made accessory named "Jeu des Omnibus et Dames Blanches."<ref name="finding"/> Hermès oversaw the production of its scarves throughout the entire process, purchasing raw Chinese silk, spinning it into yarn, and weaving it into fabric twice as strong and heavy as most scarves available at the time.<ref name="finding"/>

The company's scarf designers spend years creating new print patterns that are individually screen-printed.<ref name="finding"/> Designers can choose from over 70,000 different colors.<ref name="coleno">{{cite book |title=The Hermès Scarf: History & Mystique |publisher=Thames & Hudson |author=Colino, Nadine |year=2010 |isbn=978-0-500-51518-1}}</ref> When production first began, a dedicated factory was established in [[Lyon]], France, the same year that Hermès celebrated its 100th anniversary.

Contemporary Hermès ''carrés'' measure {{Convert|90 x 90|cm|abbr=on}}, weigh {{Convert|65|g}}, and are woven from the silk of 250 [[Bombyx mori|mulberry moth]] [[Silkworm cocoons|cocoon]]s.<ref name="coleno"/> All hems are hand-stitched and motifs are wide-ranging. Two collections per year are released, along with some reprints of older designs and limited editions, and two collections per year are introduced in a [[Cashmere wool|Cashmere]]/silk blend. Since 1937, Hermès has produced over 2,000 unique designs; the horse motif is particularly famous and popular.<ref name="coleno"/> The ubiquitous "Brides de Gala" version, introduced in 1957, has been produced more than 70,000 times. An Hermès scarf is sold somewhere in the world every 25 seconds; by the late 1970s, more than 1.1 million scarves had been sold worldwide.<ref name="ContemporaryFashion"/>

===Neckties===
[[File:Hermes ties.jpg|160px|thumb|right|Hermès silk ties]]

In 1946, the brand introduced a range of men's silk neckties in an array of motifs and widths. Neckties account for 10 percent of the company's [[accounts receivable|annual sales]].<ref>{{Cite news |url=https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/history-hermes-alessio-farnetani/ |title=THE HISTORY OF HERMES |date=2015-09-15 |access-date=2018-04-19 |language=en}}</ref>

===Partnership with the Tuareg===
For years, Hermès has partnered with [[Tuareg people|Tuareg]] tribesmen for silver jewelry. The [[Sahara]]n [[nomad]]s' traditional motifs are often mirrored in various Hermès products, including scarves.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.smithsonianmag.com/arts-culture/tuareg-chic-164951187/ |title=Tuareg Chic |access-date=8 December 2014 |publisher=[[Smithsonian Institution]]}}</ref>

===Apple Watch Hermès===
In partnership with Apple, stainless steel editions, and with the introduction of the Series 10 [[Apple Watch]] in September of 2024<ref>{{cite web |title=Apple Watch Hermès Series 10 GPS + Cellular, 46mm Silver Titanium Case with Satiné Grand H - Medium |trans-title=Apple Watch Hermes In Titanium Example check out page |url=http://www.apple.com/shop/product/Z0YQ?option.watch_cases=MX193LW/A&option.watch_bands=MXJX3AM/A&preSelect=true |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Apple |language=en-US}}</ref>, a shift to a new Titanium Edition of [[Apple Watch]] co-branded with Hermès are sold through Apple online and through Apple retail stores, as well as Hermès online and selected retail stores. Apple Watch Hermès features exclusive bands, colors, and digital watch faces carrying those companies' branding.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Apple and Hermès Unveil the Apple Watch Hermès Collection |url=https://www.apple.com/newsroom/2015/09/09Apple-and-Herm-s-Unveil-the-Apple-Watch-Herm-s-Collection/ |access-date=2024-01-14 |website=Apple Newsroom |language=en-US}}</ref>

==Leather goods==
Hermès is known for its handmade luggage and handbags. One of them might require 18 to 24 hours to produce. The construction of each [[Kelly bag]], for example, requires 18 hours to fully realize.<ref name="finding"/> Hermès's leathers come from all over the world. Customers may currently wait from six months to one year for delivery of one of the house's signature bags. Incidentally, should Hermès's leather goods require repair, owners can bring an item to any Hermès store, where it will be shipped to Les Ateliers Hermès in [[Pantin]] for repair or reconditioning.{{Citation needed|date=May 2022}}

Another famous Hermès handbag, the "[[Birkin bag]]", was named after British actress [[Jane Birkin]]. In a chance encounter with Jean-Louis Dumas, she complained that her bag was not practical for everyday use. Consequently, he invited her to France where they co-designed the bag in 1984. Birkin has since stopped carrying her namesake bag due to her [[tendonitis]], as the bag became too large and heavy for her to carry.<ref>{{Cite web |url=https://www.vogue.co.uk/article/the-birkin-rules |title=THE BIRKIN RULES |date=5 September 2006 |website=British Vogue}}</ref> Asked by her that her name be removed and with much back-and-forth comments about various issues such as having her name removed. According to ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'': "Jane Birkin 'is satisfied by the measures taken by Hermès', according to the brand, following an investigation by the fashion house [that refuted] claims made by [[People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals|PETA]] that its famous Birkin bags were being 'constructed from the skins of factory-farmed and cruelly slaughtered crocodiles.' "<ref>Scarlet Conlon, "Birkin 'Satisfied" by Hermès Investigation," ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', 15 September 2015</ref>

While the Kelly and Birkin are two of the house's most famous bags, Hermès has a wide range of other popular handbags. One, the bolide is a dome shaped carry all that comes in varying sizes with a leather shoulder strap. It is widely recognized as the first handbag that was constructed with a zipper.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Weiss |first1=Lindsey |title=Complete History of the Hermès Bolide |url=https://www.sothebys.com/en/articles/complete-history-of-the-hermes-bolide |website=Sothebys |access-date=6 March 2023}}</ref> The bolide comes in both stiff leathers such as epsom and relaxed leathers such as clemence. Another popular bag from the Hermès house is the evelyne, a comparatively affordable saddle style bag meant to be worn cross body with a traditionally fabric strap. The evelyne is available in 4 different sizes: the TPM (16&nbsp;cm), PM (29&nbsp;cm), GM (33&nbsp;cm)and TGM (40&nbsp;cm) and is generally made in relaxed leathers like clemence.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.pursebop.com/hermes-101-the-evelyne-bag/ |website=Pursbop |access-date=6 March 2023 |title=Hermès 101: The Evelyne Bag |date=14 September 2019 }}</ref> The evelyne boasts a perforated "H" motif that is meant to be hidden and worn towards the body, to allow easy access to the top of the bag.

===Controversy===

In 2021, the Farm Transparency Project released video footage from three Australian crocodile farms owned by Hermès, which showed the small cages and concrete floors the animals live on and how they are slaughtered, including by stabbing and electrocution.<ref>Hannah McKay, "[https://sentientmedia.org/crocodile-farming-investigation-exposes-hermes-supplier/ Crocodile Farming Investigation Exposes Hermès Supplier] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210906200635/https://sentientmedia.org/crocodile-farming-investigation-exposes-hermes-supplier/ |date=6 September 2021 }}," Sentient Media, 31 August 2021.</ref>

<gallery>
File:Kelly Bag.jpg|A [[Kelly bag]]
File:Hermes Ostrich Birkin Bag.jpg|Exotic leathers of the bags make them highly valuable and noticeable, ''e.g.'', ostrich leather
File:Hermes Birkin.JPG|A [[Birkin bag]]
</gallery>

==Perfumery==
Since 1951, the company has created a number of scents for both men and women, as well as unisex lines.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://assets.hermes.com/is/content/hermesedito/RSE/PDF/PDF_RSE_DocumentDeReference_2016_EN.pdf|title=Hermès International, 2016 Registration Document}}</ref> The Hermès line of perfumes includes classic perfumes such as [[Calèche]] introduced in 1961 and more recent creations including [[Terre d'Hermès]]. The main creator/nose of Hermès perfumes is [[Christine Nagel]].<ref>{{cite web |url=https://scentertainer.net/en/perfume-houses-hermes-prestige-and-history/ |title=Perfume houses - Hermes : Prestige and history • Scentertainer |date=25 September 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Judd |first=Benjamen |date=2020-05-15 |title=How Christine Nagel found complete freedom at Hermès |url=https://www.smh.com.au/lifestyle/beauty/how-christine-nagel-found-complete-freedom-at-herm-s-20200515-p54tiw.html |access-date=2023-08-23 |website=The Sydney Morning Herald |language=en}}</ref>

===Feminine fragrances===
{{columns-list|
*Calèche, 1961
*Amazone, 1974 (updated 2017)
*Parfum d'Hermès, 1984
*24 Faubourg, 1995
*Hiris, 1999
*Rouge Hermès, 2000
*Eau des Merveilles, 2004
*Kelly Calèche, 2007
*Jour d'Hermès, 2013
*Jour d'Hermès Gardenia, 2015
*Galop d'Hermès, 2016
*Twilly d'Hermès, 2017
*Twilly d'Hermès Eau Poivrée, 2019
}}

===Masculine fragrances===
{{columns-list|
*Équipage, 1970
*Bel Ami, 1986
*Rocabar, 1998
*Concentré d'Orange Verte, 2004
*[[Terre d'Hermès]], 2006
*Bel Ami Vetiver, 2013
*Équipage Geranium, 2015
*H24, 2021
}}

===The Garden Collection===
{{columns-list|
*Un Jardin en Méditerranée, 2003
*[[Un Jardin sur le Nil]], 2005
*Un Jardin après la Mousson, 2008
*Un Jardin sur le Toit, 2011
*Le Jardin de Monsieur Li, 2015
*Un Jardin sur La Lagune, 2019
*Un Jardin de Cythère, 2023 
}}

===Colognes===
{{columns-list|
*Eau de Cologne d'Hermès, 1978 (re-released as Eau d'Orange Verte, 1997)
*Eau de Gentiane Blanche, 2009
*Eau de Pamplemousse Rose, 2009
*Eau de Narcisse Bleu, 2013
*Eau de Mandarine Ambrée, 2013
*Eau de Rhubarbe Écarlate, 2016
*Eau de Neroli Doré, 2016
*Eau de Citron Noir, 2018
*Eau de Basilic Pourpre, 2022}}

===Unisex===
*Eau de Hermes, 1951
*Voyage de Hermes, 2016 (eau de toilette and parfum)
*Cabriole, 2022 (for children)

===Hermessence scents exclusive to Hermès boutiques===
{{columns-list|
*Rose Ikebana, 2004
*Vétiver Tonka, 2004
*Poivre Samarcande, 2004
*Ambre Narguilé, 2004
*Osmanthe Yunnan, 2005
*Paprika Brazil, 2006
*Brin de Réglisse, 2007
*Vanille Galante, 2009
*Iris Ukiyoé, 2010
*Santal Massoïa, 2011
*Épice Marine, 2013
*Cuir d'Ange, 2014
*Muguet Porcelaine, 2016
*Agar Ébène, 2018
*Cèdre Sambac, 2018
*Myrrhe Églantine, 2018
*Essences: Musc Pallida and Cardamusc, 2018
*Violette Volynka, 2022}}

==Crystal lighting and glass==
Belonging to the group is the crystal glass manufacturer [[Saint-Louis (glass manufacturer)|Saint-Louis]], the oldest [[lead glass|crystal]] company in the world. Since its founding in 1586, Saint-Louis has drawn design inspiration from the decorative periods of the 19th and 20th centuries, from the Restoration to Modern styles, through Napoléon III, [[Art Nouveau]] and [[Art Déco]]. Saint-Louis became one of the Hermès Group Métiers in 1989.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.saint-louis.com/en/history/saint-louis-key-dates |title=The Saint-Louis key dates |website=Saint-louis.com |access-date=2016-02-04 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304041012/http://www.saint-louis.com/en/history/saint-louis-key-dates |archive-date=4 March 2016}}</ref>

==The Hermès Foundation==
The Hermès Foundation was launched in 2008. It is chaired by Pierre-Alexis Dumas, the artistic director of Hermès, and directed by Catherine Tsekenis.<ref>{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/23/fashion/herms-artistic-director-announces-alliance-with-aperture-foundation.html?_r=0 |title=Hermès Artistic Director Announces Alliance With Aperture Foundation |newspaper=[[The New York Times]] |date=22 October 2014 |access-date=2016-02-04 |last1=Schneier |first1=Matthew}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |last=Tan |first=Norman |url=http://www.billionaire.com/fondation-dentreprise-hermes/1263/the-hermes-foundation-sincerity-over-seduction |title=Catherine Tsékénis, director of the Fondation d'entreprise Hermès |publisher=Billionaire |date=2014-12-10 |access-date=2016-02-04}}</ref> The Foundation's mission is to sponsor and support creation and craftsmanship activities.<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://actu.epfl.ch/news/fondation-d-entreprise-hermes-skills-academy-morni/ |title=Fondation d'entreprise Hermès - Skills Academy : Morning session |website=Actu.epfl.ch |date=2014-04-05 |access-date=2016-02-04 |last1=Savoyat |first1=Marielle}}</ref>

In 2010, it launched the biannual Emile Hermès Prize that rewards an innovative project in the field of design. In 2014, the three winners who shared the first prize, chaired by Italian architect Michele De Lucchi, were Johan Brunel and Samuel Misslen for their "Ventilated Capsule," Antoine Lesur and Marc Venot for "Hut," and Paul Tubiana for "Leon."<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.connaissancedesarts.com/marche_art/actus/trois-designers-remportent-le-prix-emile-hermes-2014-106872.php |title=Trois designers remportent le Prix Émile Hermès 2014 |publisher=Connaissance des Arts |date=2014-05-26 |access-date=2016-02-04}}</ref> In 2012, the Foundation participated in the "New Settings" show for the promotion of the arts.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://madame.lefigaro.fr/art-de-vivre/to-do-list-191012-301130 |title=To do list &#124; ''Le Figaro Madame'' |language=fr |website=Madame.lefigaro.fr |date=18 September 2014 |access-date=2016-02-04}}</ref> In 2013, the Foundation supported the exhibition of works by young artists shown at the [[Palais de Tokyo]].<ref>{{cite news |last=Evin |first=Florence |date=2013-07-17 |title=Les musées fragilisés par leurs mécènes |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2013/07/17/les-musees-fragilises-par-le-mecenat_3448912_3246.html |access-date=2016-02-04 |newspaper=Le Monde.fr |language=fr}}</ref> In January 2014, it has pledged a three-year support of the Cité internationale of [[Aubusson tapestry]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.cite-tapisserie.fr/fondation-dentreprise-herm%C3%A8s |title=Partenaire - Fondation d'entreprise Hermès &#124; Cité internationale de la tapisserie - Aubusson |language=fr |website=Cite-tapisserie.fr |access-date=2016-02-04}}</ref>

The Foundation operates several contemporary art spaces,<ref>{{Cite web |title=The Foundation's exhibitions: Four spaces dedicated to contemporary art {{!}} Fondation d'entreprise Hermès |url=https://www.fondationdentreprisehermes.org/en/program/foundations-exhibitions |access-date=2020-08-30|website=www.fondationdentreprisehermes.org|language=en}}</ref> including La Verrière in [[Brussels]], Belgium,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Van Parys |first=Yoann |date=2019-02-25 |title=Critic's Picks – Brussels: Jacqueline Mesmaeker |url=https://www.artforum.com/picks/jacqueline-mesmaeker-78703 |access-date=2020-08-30 |website=Artforum |language=en}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web |last=Bukuts |first=Carina |date=2019-04-25 |title=Critic's Guides: The Best Shows To See in Brussels |url=https://www.frieze.com/article/best-shows-see-brussels |access-date=2020-08-30 |website=Frieze |language=en}}</ref> Le Forum in [[Tokyo]], Japan,<ref>{{Cite web |last=Maerkle |first=Andrew |date=2016-06-28 |title=Critic's Guide: Tokyo |url=https://www.frieze.com/article/critics-guide-tokyo |access-date=2020-08-30 |website=Frieze |language=en}}</ref> and Atelier Hermès in [[Seoul]], South Korea.<ref>{{Cite web |last=Yeon Chae |first=Tiffany |date=2017-09-20 |title=Critic's Guide: Seoul |url=https://www.frieze.com/article/critics-guide-seoul-0 |access-date=2020-08-30 |website=Frieze |language=en}}</ref>

==Shareholder structure==
By the end of December 2016, the Hermès family, as partners of Émile Hermès SARL and their family members, collectively owned 65.1% of the share capital of Hermès International S.A. through a number of asset holding companies and direct ownerships, which entitled the family to 74.8% of the voting rights on allocation of net income and 77.2% on all other matters.<ref name="Hermès Annual Report 2016">{{Cite web |url=https://finance.hermes.com/en/content/download/190483/1355203/file/DDR+2016+VA.pdf |title=Hermès Informations Financières |website=finance.hermes.com}}</ref> Luxury-goods conglomerate [[LVMH]] held 20.21% of shares that it amassed in the latter half of 2010<ref>{{cite news |last=Vidalon |first=Dominique |title=LVMH raises Hermès stake above 20 percent |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-lvmh-idUKTRE6BK5C920101221 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160305155949/http://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-lvmh-idUKTRE6BK5C920101221 |url-status=dead |archive-date=5 March 2016 |access-date=5 July 2011 |date=21 December 2010 |author2=Wendlandt, Astrid |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref> and 13.08% of votes at the same date, with 0.39% of shares held as treasury stock and the remaining 16.61% as [[free float]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://inetbdif.amf-france.org/DocDoif/txtint/RAPOSTPdf/2011/2011-033000.pdf |title=Annual Report 2010 |access-date=4 May 2011 |publisher=Hermès |language=fr |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140429044841/http://inetbdif.amf-france.org/DocDoif/txtint/RAPOSTPdf/2011/2011-033000.pdf |archive-date=29 April 2014}}</ref> Speculation that LVMH would launch a takeover bid for Hermès has been repeatedly denied<ref name="graun">{{cite news |title=LVMH's Bernard Arnault persists in his pursuit of Hermès |newspaper=[[The Guardian]] |first=Tom |last=Bawden |url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2011/mar/08/mergers-and-acquisitions-retail |date=8 March 2011| access-date=9 March 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite news |title=Hermes Shares Decline in Paris After LVMH Denies Bid Plans |agency=[[Bloomberg L.P.|Bloomberg]] |first=Roberts |last=Andrew |url=https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011-06-10/hermes-shares-decline-in-paris-after-lvmh-denies-bid-plans-1-.html |date=10 June 2011| access-date=5 July 2011}}</ref> by its chairman [[Bernard Arnault]]. Some industry insiders have been in doubt, such as [[René Weber]], an analyst at [[Zürich]]'s [[Vontobel]] Investment Banking, who has claimed: "Arnault is not afraid of a fight and a lot of his battles have been successful for him and his shareholders. Whether he can eventually succeed with [a takeover of] Hermès is still an open question." Bertrand Puech, who chairs the main Hermès family [[holding company]], has criticised LVMH's acquisition of Hermès shares and called on the company to reduce its stake by half.<ref>{{cite news |last=Plumb |first=Christian |title=LVMH denies attempts to destabilize Hermes |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hermes-lvmh-idUSTRE74T3UA20110530 |access-date=5 July 2011 |date=30 May 2011 |author2=Denis, Pascale |work=[[Reuters]]}}</ref>

== See also ==
* [[Birkin bag]]
* [[Kelly bag]]

==References==
{{Reflist|30em}}

==Bibliography==
{{columns-list|
*"A Boutique Where You Don't Just Buy – You Invest," ''[[Vogue (magazine)|Vogue]]'', October 1974.
*Van Dyke, Grace, "Hermès: Old World Luxury in the New World," ''[[USA Today]]'', July 1994.
*Dryansky, G.Y., "Hermès: Quality with a Kick," ''[[Harper's Bazaar]]'', April 1986.
*Berman, Phyllis, "Mass Production? Yech!," ''Forbes'', 22 September 1986.
*"Scarves Everywhere," ''[[The New Yorker]]'', 30 January 1989.
*Aillaud, Charlotte, "The Hermès Museum: Inspiration for the Celebrated Family Firm," ''[[Architectural Digest]]'' (U.S.), January 1989.
*Tompkins, Mimi, "Sweatshop of the Stars," ''[[U.S. News & World Report]]'', 12 February 1990.
*Gandee, Charles, "Jean-Louis Dumas-Hermès Is Flying High," ''[[House & Garden (magazine)|House & Garden]]'' (New York), August 1990.
*"The Handbags to Have," ''[[The New York Times]]'', 14 April 1991.
*"Hermès: Still in the Saddle," ''[[Women's Wear Daily]]'', 25 September 1991.
*"Hermès of Paris, Inc.," ''The New York Times'', 5 October 1991.
*Slesin, Susan, "Ah, the Horse," ''The New York Times'', 21 May 1992.
*Ellena, Jean-Claude, ''Perfume: The Alchemy of Scent'', New York: Arcade, 2009.
*Burr, Chandler, ''The Perfect Scent: A Year Inside the Perfume Industry in Paris and New York'', New York: Henry Holt, 2007.
*Frimes, William, "Jean-Louis Dumas, Chief of Hermès, Dies at 72", ''The New York Times'', 3 May 2010.
*Colino, Nadine, ''The Hermès Scarf: History & Mistique'', New York: Thames & Hudson, 2010.
*Rocca, Federico, ''Hermès - L'avventura del lusso'', Torino: Lindau, 2011.
}}

==External links==
{{Sister project links| wikt=no | commons=Hermès | b=no | n=no | q=Hermès | s=no | v=no | voy=no | species=no | d=no}}
*{{Official website}}
*[http://www.fondationdentreprisehermes.org Official Foundation Enterprise Hermès website]

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