View source for Leytenant Shestakov-class destroyer

{{Short description|Early 20th-century Imperial Russian destroyer class}}
{|{{Infobox ship begin}}
{{Infobox ship image
| Ship image = File:LeytenantShestakov1906-1918-1.jpg
| Ship caption = ''Leytenant Shestakov''
}}
{{Infobox ship class overview
|Builders=* [[Black Sea Shipyard|Naval Shipyard, Nikolayev]]
|Operators=* {{navy|Russian Empire}}
* {{flagicon|Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic|1918}} [[Soviet Navy|Red Fleet]]
* {{navy|German Empire}}
* {{flagicon|Russia|naval}} [[White Movement]]
|Built range=1906–1909
|Total ships scrapped=3
|Total ships completed=4
|Total ships lost=1
|In commission range=1909–1920
|Class after={{sclass|Derzky|destroyer|4}}
|Class before={{sclass|Leytenant Pushchin|destroyer|4}}
}}
{{Infobox ship characteristics
| Ship type = [[Destroyer]]
| Ship length = {{convert|74.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship draught = {{convert|2.6|-|3.1|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship beam = {{convert|8.3|m|ftin|abbr=on}}
| Ship power = * 4 [[Three-drum boiler#Normand boiler|Normand Boilers]]
* {{convert|6500|ihp|lk=in|abbr=on}}
| Ship propulsion = 2 shafts, 2 [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|vertical triple-expansion steam engines]]
| Ship speed = * {{convert|25|kn|lk=in}} (design)
* {{convert|24.2|-|24.8|kn}} (actual)
| Ship armament = *'''1909:'''
* 1 × [[120mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892|{{convert|120|mm|in|abbr=on|0}}/45 Pattern 1892]] gun
* 5 × [[75mm 50 caliber Pattern 1892|{{convert|75|mm|in|abbr=on|0}}/50 Pattern 1892]] guns
* 4 × [[Maxim gun|{{convert|7.62|mm|in|abbr=on|2}} Maxim]] machine guns
* 3 × {{convert|456|mm|in|abbr=on}} [[torpedo tube]]s
* 40 [[naval mine]]s
*'''1915:'''
* 2 × 120 mm/45 Pattern 1892 guns
* 2 × [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|{{convert|47|mm|in|abbr=on|2}} Hotchkiss]] AA guns
* 4 × 7.62 mm Maxim machine guns
* 3 × 456 mm torpedo tubes
* 50 naval mines
| Ship complement = * 5 officers
* 89 enlisted
| Ship displacement = {{convert|635|-|850|t|LT|lk=on|abbr=on}}
| Ship range = * {{convert|1700|-|1994|mi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|12|kn}}
* {{convert|310|-|630|mi|km|abbr=on}} at {{convert|22|kn}}
}}
|}

The '''''Leytenant Shestakov'' class''' consisted of four [[destroyer]]s built for the [[Imperial Russian Navy]]. They were an enlarged derivative of the {{sclass|Vsadnik|destroyer|0}} destroyers built by the Germany shipyard [[Friedrich Krupp Germaniawerft]]. Originally classified as [[torpedo cruiser]]s, they were redesignated as destroyers on 10 October 1907,<ref group="Note">Few references state whether they are using [[Adoption of the Gregorian calendar#Adoption in Eastern Europe|New or Old Style]] dates. Whenever possible, New Style is used in this article, but some dates are ambiguous.</ref> prior to completion. The ships served as part of the [[Black Sea Fleet]] during the [[World War I|First World War]] and the [[Russian Civil War]]. They are often considered a part of the broader {{sclass|Dobrovolets|destroyer|4}}, which included several similar classes of destroyers.

== Background ==
Originally, the 1903–1923 shipbuilding programme called for additional {{convert|350|t|LT|lk=on|adj=on}} destroyers to be built for the [[Black Sea Fleet]].<ref group="Note">Sources agree that the plan was to increase the number of 350-tonne destroyers in the Black Sea Fleet to 20, some claiming 6 ships were planned while others state only 4. However, it seems that there were only 13 such ships in the Black Sea Fleet (4 of the {{sclass|Sokol|destroyer|4}} and 9 of the {{sclass|Leytenant Pushchin|destroyer|4}}), so neither number would result in 20.</ref> Experience from the [[Russo-Japanese War]] showed the need for larger destroyers, and on 21 November 1904 the Naval Technical Committee (Морской технический комитет, MTK) decided to replace the planned ships with four of a larger type.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web|url=http://infoart.iip.net/history/navy/rusdd117.htm|title=Класс "Лейтенант Шестаков"|date=8 February 2020|website=Российский Императорский Флот / "ИнфоАрт"|url-status=dead|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20041103090240/http://infoart.iip.net/history/navy/rusdd117.htm|archive-date=3 November 2004|access-date=8 February 2020}}</ref> At the time, the only suitable design available was that of the {{convert|570|t|LT|adj=on}} ''Vsadnik'' class ordered from Germaniawerft. Four ships based on a modified version of this design were ordered from the [[Black Sea Shipyard|Nikolayev Naval Shipyard]].<ref name=":1">{{Cite web|url=http://www.navylib.su/ships/dobrovolets/05.htm|title=Эскадренные миноносцы класса "Доброволец" "УВЕЛИЧЕННЫЙ ТИП" НИКОЛАЕВСКОГО ЗАВОДА|last=Melnikov|first=P.|date=8 February 2020|website=Библиотека ВМФ|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181010182413/http://www.navylib.su/ships/dobrovolets/05.htm|archive-date=10 October 2018|access-date=8 February 2020}}</ref>

The design process was prolonged due to numerous changes in requirements as it progressed.<ref name=":2">{{Cite web|url=http://russiaflot.ru/koriesm/318-yesmincy-tipa-lejtenant-shestakov.html|title=Эсминцы типа "Лейтенант Шестаков"|date=31 July 2009|website=История Русского флота|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190703155856/http://russiaflot.ru/koriesm/318-yesmincy-tipa-lejtenant-shestakov.html|archive-date=3 July 2019|access-date=8 February 2020}}</ref> Design modifications resulted in a significantly increased displacement; the MTK allowed an increase to {{convert|605|t|LT}}, but this was already too low and the displacement continued to climb. Construction of the "enlarged 570 t destroyers" finally began in early 1906. Their names were added to the list of Black Sea Fleet ships on 29 March 1906 and they were officially [[Keel laying|laid down]] on 16 September that year.<ref name=":1" />

== Design ==

=== Propulsion ===
As designed, the ships had four [[Normand boiler]]s providing {{Convert|6500|ihp|kW|lk=on}} to two [[Marine steam engine#Triple or multiple expansion|vertical triple-expansion steam engines]], giving a top speed of {{Convert|25|kn|lk=on}}. A higher speed was hoped for, but, as larger machinery would have come at the cost of increased displacement or reduced range, 25 knots was settled on. They could carry up to {{convert|215|t|LT}} of [[coal]] for fuel.

When ''Leytenant Shestakov'' began [[Sea trial|trials]] in August 1908, she failed to reach the 25 knot design speed. By May 1909, none of the ships had reached 25 knots even after receiving modifications to their propellers and machinery (''Kapitan Saken'' was the fastest at {{convert|24.78|kn}}). The ships' machinery produced between {{convert|6,675|and|7,310|hp|abbr=on}}.<ref name=":1" />
[[File:Sestakov.jpg|left|thumb|''Leytenant Shestakov'' in an early configuration, showing the larger 120 mm gun at the stern]]

=== Armament ===
The armament of the ships was based on experience in the Russo-Japanese War, which showed that larger guns were needed to defeat enemy destroyers. The secondary armament of six [[QF 6-pounder Hotchkiss|{{Convert|57|mm|in|abbr=on|2}} guns]] on the ''Vsadnik'' class was replaced by four additional [[75mm 50 caliber Pattern 1892|{{Convert|75|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} Canet Pattern 1892]] for a total of six 75&nbsp;mm guns; two on the centreline and two on each beam. An unusual design feature carried over from the ''Vsadnik''s was the mounting of two guns in [[sponson]]s on each side of the [[forecastle]]. During construction, replacing the stern 75&nbsp;mm gun with a [[120mm 45 caliber Pattern 1892|{{Convert|120|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} Canet Pattern 1892]] was considered and modifications were made to allow this, although the larger guns were not fitted until after the ships had commissioned.<ref name=":1" />

The ships were armed with three {{Convert|456|mm|in|abbr=on|0}} [[torpedo tube]]s in single mounts along the centreline, and could carry 40 [[Naval mine|mines]].

==== Modifications ====
In December 1909, the aft 75&nbsp;mm gun was replaced by a 120&nbsp;mm gun as planned. The 75&nbsp;mm guns had their shields removed in December 1910. In 1913–1914, the remaining 75&nbsp;mm guns were removed, the sponsons eliminated, and a second 120&nbsp;mm gun mounted on the forecastle. In 1914–1915, the ships received two [[QF 3-pounder Hotchkiss|{{Convert|47|mm|in|abbr=on}} anti-aircraft guns]], and the number of mines they could carry was increased to 50.<ref name=":1" />

== Service ==
[[File:R_2-1919-Istanbul.jpg|thumb|''Kapitan Saken'' in Istanbul, 1919, while under the French flag as ''R 2'']]
The four destroyers joined the [[Black Sea Fleet]] on 25 November 1909, forming the 2nd Division of the Torpedo Brigade. Modifications continued even after the ships entered active service. In August 1911, the 2nd Division became part of the Black Sea Torpedo Division. With the arrival of the new {{sclass|Derzky|destroyer}}s in 1914, the ships were moved to the 3rd Division.<ref name=":1" />

After the [[Ottoman Empire]] entered the [[World War I|First World War]] on 29 October 1914, the ships were involved in blockading the Turkish coast, participating in raids and minelaying operations. In early 1916, they helped to cover the [[Trebizond Campaign|Trebizond Offensive]]. In September 1916, they became part of a special detachment tasked with assisting the Romanian Army in [[Dobruja]]. {{ship|Russian destroyer|Leytenant Zatsarenny||2}} was sunk on 30 June 1917 after hitting a mine laid by the [[SMS Breslau|Ottoman cruiser ''Midilli'']] near [[Snake Island (Black Sea)|Snake Island]], with the loss of 44 men.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kchf.ru/ship/esminets/leytenant_zacarenniy.htm|title=Эскадренный миноносец"Лейтенант Зацаренный"|date=8 February 2020|website=Черноморский Флот|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190724000115/https://www.kchf.ru/ship/esminets/leytenant_zacarenniy.htm|archive-date=24 July 2019|access-date=8 February 2020}}</ref>

Following the [[October Revolution]], the three surviving ships joined the [[Soviet Navy|Red Black Sea Fleet]] on 29 December 1917. ''Leytenant Shestakov'' and ''Kapitan-leytenant Baranov'' moved from [[Sevastopol]] to [[Novorossiysk]] on 29 April 1918 ahead of the advancing German forces.<ref name=":0" /> Both were [[Scuttling|scuttled]] in [[Tsemes Bay]] on 18 June 1918 to avoid capture. In December 1927 they were raised by [[EPRON]] and scrapped.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kchf.ru/ship/esminets/leytenant_shestakov.htm|title=Эскадренный миноносец"Лейтенант Шестаков"|date=8 February 2020|website=Черноморский Флот|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190725070603/https://www.kchf.ru/ship/esminets/leytenant_shestakov.htm|archive-date=25 July 2019|access-date=8 February 2020}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kchf.ru/ship/esminets/kapitan_leytenant_baranov.htm|title=Эскадренный миноносец"Капитан-лейтенант Баранов"|date=8 February 2020|website=Черноморский Флот|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190806165013/http://www.kchf.ru/ship/esminets/kapitan_leytenant_baranov.htm|archive-date=6 August 2019|access-date=}}</ref>

''Kapitan Saken'' was placed in storage in Sevastopol in March 1918. On 1 May, she was captured there by German forces and pressed into service on 12 October as ''R 04''. She was taken over by the [[Allies of World War I|Allies]] after [[Armistice of 11 November 1918|the armistice]] on 24 November and sent to [[İzmit]] before joining the [[Armed Forces of South Russia|Naval Forces of South Russia]] in October 1919. She participated in the [[Evacuation of Novorossiysk (1920)|evacuation of Novorossiysk]] in March 1920. At the end of 1920, she sailed to be interned in [[Bizerte]] with the rest of [[Wrangel's fleet|Wrangel's Fleet]] and was eventually scrapped in France in the early 1930s.<ref name=":2" /><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.kchf.ru/ship/esminets/kapitan_saken.htm|title=Эскадренный миноносец "Капитан Сакен"|date=20 February 2020|website=Черноморский Флот|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190722040727/https://www.kchf.ru/ship/esminets/kapitan_saken.htm|archive-date=22 July 2019|access-date=8 February 2020}}</ref>

== Ships ==
All dates given are [[Adoption of the Gregorian calendar#Adoption in Eastern Europe|New Style]]:
{|class="wikitable plainrowheaders"
|+ Construction data
!scope="col"|Name
!scope="col"|Laid down
!scope="col"|[[Ceremonial ship launching|Launched]]
!scope="col"|Entered Service
!scope="col"|Fate
|-
|scope="row"|{{ship|Russian destroyer|Leytenant Shestakov||2}}
(Лейтенант Шестаков)
|16 September 1906
|August 1907
|1 October 1909
|[[Scuttled]], 18 June 1918 in [[Tsemes Bay]], raised and [[ship breaking|scrapped]], 1927–1928
|-
|scope="row"|''Kapitan Saken''
(Капитан Сакен)
|16 September 1906
|September 1907
|13 October 1909
|Interned, 29 December 1920 in [[Bizerte]], scrapped, early 1930s
|-
|scope="row"|''Kapitan-leytenant Baranov''
(Капитан-лейтенант Баранов)
|16 September 1906
|5 November 1907
|13 October 1909
|Scuttled, 18 June 1918 in [[Tsemes Bay]], raised and scrapped, 1927–1928
|-
|scope="row"|{{ship|Russian destroyer|Leytenant Zatsarenny||2}}
(Лейтенант Зацаренный)
|16 September 1906
|29 October 1907
|16 October 1909
|Sunk, 17 June 1917, after hitting a [[naval mine|mine]] near [[Snake Island (Black Sea)|Snake Island]]
|}
Originally, ''Kapitan Saken'' was to be named ''Leytenant Pushchin'' (Лейтенант Пущин), but this was changed in March 1907, with another destroyer (formerly ''Zadorny'') receiving the name instead.<ref name=":1" />

== Notes ==
<references group="Note" />

== References ==
{{reflist}}

==Bibliography==
* {{cite book|editor1-last=Gray|editor1-first=Randal|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 |year=1985 |location=Annapolis, Maryland|publisher=Naval Institute Press |isbn=0-85177-245-5 |last=Budzbon|first=Przemysław |pages=291–325|chapter=Russia}}
*{{cite book|title=Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905|editor1-first=Roger|editor1-last=Chesneau|editor2-first=Eugene M.|editor2-last=Kolesnik |publisher=Mayflower Books|location=New York|year=1979|isbn=0-8317-0302-4|url-access=registration |url= https://archive.org/details/conwaysallworlds0000unse_l2e2|pages=170–217 |chapter=Russia |last1=Campbell |first1=N. J. M.|name-list-style=amp}}
*{{cite book|last=Watts|first=Anthony J.|title=The Imperial Russian Navy|publisher=Arms and Armour |location=London |year=1990|isbn=0-85368-912-1}}

{{Leytenant Shestakov-class destroyer}}
{{WWI Russian ships}}

[[Category:Destroyer classes]]
[[Category:1907 ships]]
[[Category:Destroyers of the Imperial Russian Navy]]
[[Category:World War I destroyers of Russia]]
[[Category:Leytenant Shestakov-class destroyers| ]]
[[Category:Destroyers of the Soviet Navy]]