View source for List of common 3D test models

{{short description|none}}

This is a list of [[3D modeling|models]] and [[Polygon mesh|meshes]] commonly used in [[3D computer graphics]] for testing and demonstrating [[Rendering (computer graphics)|rendering]] algorithms and [[visual effects]]. Their use is important for comparing results, similar to the way [[standard test image]]s are used in [[image processing]].

== Modelled ==

Designed using CAD software; sorted by year of [[3D modeling|modelling]].

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name and viewer
! Render
! Year of creation
! Person/organisation that did the modelling
! Description of source object
! Model size
! License
! Comments
|-
| [[Utah teapot]]
| [[file:Utah Teapot mr maya.jpg|none|160x160px]]
| 1975
| [[Martin Newell (computer scientist)|Martin Newell]] at [[University of Utah]]
| [[Melitta]] teapot
| 28 [[Bézier surface|Bézier patches]] (32 with the bottom)<ref>{{Cite web|title=The Utah Teapot|url=http://holmes3d.net/graphics/teapot|access-date=2020-10-28|website=holmes3d.net}}</ref>
| 
| Also called the "Newell teapot". One of the first models not to be measured.
|-
| [[Cornell box]]
| [[File:BMRT - Cornell box radiosity.png|none|160x160px]]
| 1984
| [[Cindy M. Goral]], [[Kenneth E. Torrance]], [[Donald P. Greenberg]], [[Bennett Battaile]] at [[Cornell University]]
| Originally meant to be compared to real-life setup to test physicality of simulated optics
| 5 quads, 1 light source
|
| Scene includes multiple models and light source. Many versions exist, but only one of them is considered the standard Cornell box; the color of the left and right walls is important.
|-
| [[Blender (software)#Suzanne|Suzanne]]
|[[File:RenderResult.jpg|none|160x160px]]
| 2002
| Willem-Paul van Overbruggen for [[Blender (software)|Blender]]
| Chimpanzee head, based on an [[orangutan]] from the movie ''[[Jay and Silent Bob Strike Back]]''
| 500 faces
| [[GNU GPL]] 2+ (inherited from Blender as a whole)
| Mascot for [[Blender (software)|Blender]]<ref>Primitive instantiable by clicking ''Add'' → ''Mesh'' → ''Monkey''</ref>
|-
| [[Crytek Sponza]]
|
| 2010
| Frank Meinl at [[Crytek]]
| The [[colonnade]]d atrium of the [[Sponza Palace]] in [[Dubrovnik]]<ref name="mcguire"/>
| 262,267 triangles<br />184,330 vertices<ref name="mcguire">{{cite web | url=https://casual-effects.com/data/ | title=McGuire Computer Graphics Archive | author=Morgan McGuire}}</ref>
| 
| Used for demonstrating [[global illumination]] techniques.<ref name="oconnor">{{cite book | title=Mastering mental ray: Rendering Techniques for 3D and CAD Professionals | url=https://archive.org/details/masteringmentalr00ocon_833 | url-access=limited | author=Jennifer O'Connor | page=[https://archive.org/details/masteringmentalr00ocon_833/page/n198 175] | quote=The Sponza Palaze atrium scene has become a classic demonstration model for indirect illumination techniques in a wide variety of applications | publisher=[[John Wiley & Sons]] | date=1 July 2010 | isbn=978-0470563854}}</ref><ref name="wired">{{cite magazine | url=https://www.wired.com/2014/09/nvidia-moon | quote=It cooked up a demo using a standard graphics simulation called the Sponza Atrium, a computer-generated stroll through a renaissance-style hallway. | title=Nvidia Proves We Walked on the Moon—Not That It Needed To | magazine=[[Wired (magazine)|Wired]] | author=Robert McMillan | date=24 September 2014}}</ref><ref name=Pharr>{{cite book | title=Physically Based Rendering: From Theory to Implementation | url=https://archive.org/details/physicallybasedr00phar | url-access=limited | author1=Matt Pharr | author2=Greg Humphreys | page=[https://archive.org/details/physicallybasedr00phar/page/n521 493] | publisher=[[Morgan Kaufmann]] | isbn=978-0123750792 | date=26 August 2010 }}</ref><ref name="krivanek">{{cite book | title=Practical Global Illumination with Irradiance Caching | url=https://archive.org/details/practicalglobali00kriv | url-access=limited | author1=Jaroslav Krivanek | author2=Pascal Gautron | page=[https://archive.org/details/practicalglobali00kriv/page/n98 85] | date=2009 | publisher=Morgan & Claypool Publishers | isbn=978-1598296440 }}</ref> The Crytek version is based on a model created by Marko Dabrović in early 2001 while he was at RNA studio, and donated to a radiosity competition held by CGTechniques.com in early 2002.<ref>{{cite web |last1=Abecassis |first1=Laurent |title=On The Web – RNA studio's GI architectural renderings |url=https://cgpress.org/archives/on_the_web_rna_studios_gi_architectural_renderings.html |website=CGPress |date=3 April 2001 |access-date=4 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210604151756/https://cgpress.org/archives/on_the_web_rna_studios_gi_architectural_renderings.html |archive-date=4 June 2021}}</ref><ref>{{cite web |title=Sponza Atrium - Hatch Studios |url=http://hatchstudios.com/work/sponza-atrium/ |website=Hatch Studios |access-date=4 June 2021 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210225162733/http://hatchstudios.com/work/sponza-atrium/ |archive-date=25 February 2021}}</ref>
|-
| Spot
|[[File:Spot the cow.png|none|160x160px]]
| 2012
| Keenan Crane at [[Caltech]]
| cartoon cow
| 2,930 vertices<br />5,856 triangles
| 
| Catmull-Clark control mesh, quadrangulation, triangulation, vector texture, and bitmap texture. All meshes are manifold, genus-0 embeddings.
|-
| [[3DBenchy]]
| [[File:3DBenchy created using color mixing on an FDM printer.jpg|none|160x160px]]
| 2015
| Creative Tools
| cartoon boat
| 112,569 verts (225,154 tris)
| [[Creative Commons license#Version 4.0|CC By ND 4.0]]<ref>{{cite web
 |title=License - 3DBenchy.com
 |date=7 April 2015
 |url=https://www.3dbenchy.com/license/
 |access-date=29 March 2022}}</ref>
| Specifically designed for testing the accuracy and capabilities of 3D printers
|}

== Scanned ==

Includes photogrammetric methods; sorted by year of scanning.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Name and viewer
! Render
! Year of creation
! Person/organisation responsible for the scan
! Description of source object
! Model size
! License
! Comments
|-
| [[Stanford bunny]]
| [[file:Mesh bunny.png|none|160x160px]]
| 1993-94<ref name="stanford 3d scanning repository">{{cite web|title=The Stanford 3D Scanning Repository|url=http://graphics.stanford.edu/data/3Dscanrep/|publisher=[[Stanford University]]|accessdate=17 July 2011|date=22 Dec 2010}}</ref>
| [[Greg Turk]], [[Marc Levoy]] at [[Stanford University]]
| [[clay|Ceramic]] rabbit<ref name="stanford bunny">{{cite web|title=The Stanford Bunny|url=http://www.cc.gatech.edu/~turk/bunny/bunny.html|accessdate=18 July 2011|author=Greg Turk|author-link=Greg Turk|year=2000}}</ref>
| 69,451 triangles<ref name="stanford 3d scanning repository"/>
| Figurine of unknown authorship and licensing status, scan itself released under a two-clause [[BSD license]].
|  A test of range scanning physical objects. Originally .[[PLY (file format)|ply file]].
|-
| [[Stanford dragon]]
| [[File:Stanford Dragon.jpg|none|160x160px]]
| 1996<ref name="stanford 3d scanning repository"/>
| [[Stanford University]]
| [[Chinese dragon]]
| 1,132,830 triangles
|
| 
|-
|Stanford Armadillo
|[[File:Stanford-armadillo-test-model-rendered-in-blender-cycles.jpg|alt=3D model of an armadillo action figure|center|frameless]]
|1996<ref name="stanford 3d scanning repository"/>
|Venkat Krishnamurthy and [[Marc Levoy]] at [[Stanford University]]
|[[Armadillo]] action figure
|345,944 triangles
|Free for scholarly writings and research, attribution required, no commercial use without prior permission<ref name="stanford 3d scanning repository"/>
|
|-
| [[Wooden Elk Toy]]
|
| 2000<ref name="Wooden Elk Toy">{{cite web|url=https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/doc/10.1.1.18.3510 |title=Building a Photo Studio for Measurement Purposes|date=January 2000|publisher=Computer Graphics Group, Max-Planck-Institut fur Informatik |author1=Michael Goesele | author2=Wolfgang Heidrich |author3=Hendrik P. A. Lensch | author4=Hans-Peter Seidel|id={{CiteSeerX|10.1.1.18.3510}}}}</ref>
| [[Hans-Peter Seidel]] at [[Max Planck Institute for Informatics|Max-Planck-Institut für Informatik]]
| 
| 
| 
|  Often used as an [[photogrammetry|example]] of a non-trivial object with high [[Geometric genus|genus]].
|-
| Phlegmatic Dragon<ref name="phlegmatic dragon">{{cite web|title=EG 2007 Phlegmatic Dragon|url=http://dcgi.felk.cvut.cz/cgg/eg07/index.php?page=dragon|publisher=[[Eurographics]] 2007|accessdate=23 July 2011|date=12 May 2011}}</ref>
| [[File:Phlegmatic Dragon.jpg|none|160x160px|alt=Render of Phlegmatic Dragon model|Phlegmatic Dragon]]
| 2007
| Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Czech Technical University in Prague[[Eurographics]] 2007 conference
| 
| 667,214 faces (original)<br />480,076 faces (smoothed)
| Sticker on the bottom says {{not a typo|"GRUNCH © PANTON '88 MADE IN ENGLAND"}}
| Smoothed and nonsmoothed
|-
| David<ref name="The Digital Michelangelo Project">{{cite web|last1=Levoy|first1=Marc|title=The Digital Michelangelo Project|url=http://graphics.stanford.edu/projects/mich/|publisher=[[Stanford University]]|accessdate=22 September 2014|date=August 11, 2009}}</ref><ref name="mich-data">{{cite web|last1=Levoy|first1=Marc|title=The Digital Michelangelo Project Archive of 3D Models|url=http://graphics.stanford.edu/data/mich/|publisher=[[Stanford University]]|accessdate=22 September 2014|date=August 19, 2014}}</ref>
|
|2009
| [[Stanford University]]
| [[Michelangelo]]'s 5-meter statue ''[[David (Michelangelo)|David]]''<ref name="The Digital Michelangelo Project"/>
| ~1 billion polygons<ref name="large-statue-scanner">{{cite web|last1=Levoy|first1=Marc|date=November 27, 1998|title=The Stanford Large Statue Scanner|url=http://graphics.stanford.edu/projects/mich/mgantry-in-lab/mgantry-in-lab.html|accessdate=22 September 2014|publisher=[[Stanford University]]}}</ref>
| Only available to established scholars and for non-commercial use only.<ref name="mich-data"/>
| range data<ref name="mich-data"/>
|-
| Fertility
|
| 2009
| AIM@SHAPE Repository (scanned at [[Utrecht University]])
| Small stone statue with two joined figures.
| 241,607 vertices<br />483,226 triangles
| 
| Laser scan.
|-
| Nefertiti
| [[file:bust of Nefertiti at the Neues Museum, Berlin.stl|frameless|200x200px]]
| 2015
| Nora Al-Badri and Jan Nikolai Nelles 
| A stoneworked [[Nefertiti Bust|bust]] of the Egyptian queen [[Nefertiti]] was created in 1345 BC by [[Thutmose (sculptor)|Thutmose]]
| ~2 million triangles
| [[Creative Commons license#Version 4.0|CC By SA 4.0]]
| [http://nefertitihack.alloversky.com Surreptitiously] scanned by Nora Al-Badri and Jan Nikolai Nelles, and subsequently separately by [[Scan the World]] with permission of the [[Neues Museum]].
|}

== Gallery ==
{{Gallery
| File:Utah teapot simple 2.png | The [[Utah teapot]] (1975) has a "hole" in it so it has a [[Genus (mathematics)|genus]] greater than zero.
| File:Cornell box.png | The [[Cornell box]] (1985) tests lighting and rendering.
| | The [[Stanford bunny]] (1993) was useful for testing algorithms.
| File:Real Stanford Dragon.jpg | A 3D-printed reproduction of [[Stanford dragon]] (1996) physical model, made through [[rapid prototyping]]
| File:Suzanne.svg | [[Suzanne (3D model)|Suzanne]] (2002) with [[Wire-frame model|wireframe]]
| File:Spot the cow.gif | Spot (2012) shown [[homeomorphic]] to a sphere
| File:3DBenchy - The 3D-printable calibration object - 3DBenchy.com v6.png | [[3DBenchy]] (2015), designed to test 3D printing
|title=}}

== Notes ==

{{notelist}}

== See also ==

* {{annotated link|Standard test image}}
* {{annotated link|A Computer Animated Hand}}
* {{annotated link|Sutherland's Volkswagen}}

== References ==

{{reflist}}

== External links ==

{{commons category|3D test models}}
; Standard test models
* [http://graphics.stanford.edu/data/3Dscanrep/ The Stanford 3D Scanning Repository] hosted by the [[Stanford University]]
* [http://www.cc.gatech.edu/projects/large_models/ Large Geometric Models Archive] hosted by the [[Georgia Institute of Technology]]
; Other repositories
* [http://www.sci.utah.edu/~wald/animrep/ The Utah 3D Animation Repository], a small collection of animated 3D models
* [https://web.archive.org/web/20110725034447/http://www.pbrt.org/scenes.php scene collection], by Physically Based Rendering Toolkit: a number of interesting scenes to render with [[global illumination]]
* [http://radsite.lbl.gov/mgf/scenes.html MGF Example Scenes], a small collection of some indoor 3D scenes
* [http://archive3d.net/ archive3D], a collection of 3D models
* [https://3dmodels.org/ 3DModels], a collection of vehicle 3D models
* [http://3dbar.net/ 3DBar], a collection of free 3D models
* [http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/3d_resources/models.html NASA 3D Models], [[NASA]] 3D models to use for educational or informational purposes
* [http://www.ocnus.com/models/ VRML Models] from ORC Incorporated, 3D models in [[VRML]] format
* [http://www.3drender.com/challenges/index.htm 3dRender.com: Lighting Challenges], regularly held lighting challenges, complete with scene and models for each challenge
* [http://www.mpi-inf.mpg.de/resources/mpimodel/v1.0/ MPI Informatics Building Model], a virtual reconstruction of the [[Max Planck Institute for Informatics]] building in [[Saarbrücken]]
* [http://shape.cs.princeton.edu/search.html Princeton shape-based 3D model search engine]
* [https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~kmcrane/Projects/ModelRepository/ Keenan's 3D Model Repository] hosted by the [[Carnegie Mellon University]]
* [https://doi.org/10.11588%2Fdata%2FIE8CCN HeiCuBeDa Hilprecht – Heidelberg Cuneiform Benchmark Dataset for the Hilprecht Collection] a collection of almost 2.000 [[Clay tablet|cuneiform tablets]] for bulk-download acquired with a high-resolution 3D-scanner. Available under a [[CC BY]] license and quotable by [[digital object identifier]]s. Datasets cleaned using the [[GigaMesh Software Framework]].
* [https://doi.org/10.11588%2Fheidicon.hilprecht HeiCu3Da Hilprecht – Heidelberg Cuneiform 3D Database - Hilprecht Collection] browsable version of HeiCuBeDa allowing to download and quote single 3D models.

[[category:3D graphics models]]
[[category:test items]]