View source for WASP-39b

{{Short description|Exoplanet in constellation of Virgo}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
{{Infobox planet
| name = WASP-39b / Bocaprins
| image = Wasp-39b and its parent star (artist’s impression).jpg
| caption = Exoplanet WASP-39b artist's concept<ref name="NASA-20180301"/>
<!-- DISCOVERY           -->| discovery_site = [[Wide Angle Search for Planets|WASP]]<ref name="EXO-20180301" />
| discovered = 2011<ref name="EXO-20180301" />
| discovery_method = Primary transit<ref name="EXO-20180301" />
<!-- DESIGNATIONS        -->
<!-- ORBITAL             -->| apsis = astron
| semimajor = {{val|0.0486|0.0005}} [[astronomical unit|AU]], {{val|7.27|.1|e=6}} km
| eccentricity = 0<ref name="EXO-20180301" />
| period = {{val|4.05526|}}<ref name="EXO-20180301" /> [[day|d]]
| inclination = {{val|87.83|0.25}}<ref name="EXO-20180301" />
| star = WASP-39<ref name="EXO-20180301" />
<!-- PHYS CHARS          -->| mean_radius = {{val|1.27|0.04}}<ref name="EXO-20180301" /> {{Jupiter radius|link=y}}<br />({{val|91000|3000}} km)
| mass = {{val|0.28|0.03}}<ref name="EXO-20180301" /> {{Jupiter mass|link=y}}
| density = {{cvt|180|±|40|kg/m3|g/cm3|disp=out}}{{fact|date=July 2024}}
<!-- ATMOSPHERE          --> 
<!-- NOTES               -->}}
'''WASP-39b''', officially named  '''Bocaprins''', is a "[[hot Jupiter]]" [[extrasolar planet]] discovered in February 2011<ref>{{citation |arxiv=1102.1375 |title=WASP-39b: A highly inflated Saturn-mass planet orbiting a late G-type star |date=7 February 2011 |doi=10.1051/0004-6361/201116671 |last1=Faedi |first1=Francesca |last2=Barros |first2=S.C.C. |last3=Anderson |first3=D.R. |last4=Brown |first4=D.J.A. |last5=Collier Cameron |first5=A. |last6=Pollacco |first6=D. |last7=Boisse |first7=I. |last8=Hébrard |first8=G. |last9=Lendl |first9=M. |last10=Lister |first10=T.A. |last11=Smalley |first11=B. |last12=Street |first12=R.A. |last13=Triaud |first13=A.H.M.J. |last14=Bento |first14=J. |last15=Bouchy |first15=F. |last16=Butters |first16=O.W. |last17=Enoch |first17=B. |last18=Haswell |first18=C.A. |last19=Hellier |first19=C. |last20=Keenan |first20=F.P. |last21=Miller |first21=G.R.M. |last22=Moulds |first22=V. |last23=Moutou |first23=C. |last24=Norton |first24=A.J. |last25=Queloz |first25=D. |last26=Santerne |first26=A. |last27=Simpson |first27=E.K. |last28=Skillen |first28=I. |last29=Smith |first29=A.M.S. |last30=Udry |first30=S. |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=531 |pages=A40 |bibcode=2011A&A...531A..40F |s2cid=45385573 |display-authors=1 }}</ref> by the [[Wide Angle Search for Planets|WASP]] project, notable for containing a substantial amount of water in its [[atmosphere]].<ref name="NASA-20180301" /><ref name="AJ-20171221" /><ref name="PHYS-20180301" /> In addition WASP-39b was the first exoplanet found to contain [[carbon dioxide]] in its atmosphere,<ref name="nasa2022-08-25" /><ref name="NYT-20220826" /> and likewise for [[sulfur dioxide]].

WASP-39b is in the [[Virgo (constellation)|constellation Virgo]], and is about 700 [[light-year]]s from [[Earth]].<ref name="NASA-20180301" /> As part of the [[NameExoWorlds]] campaigns at the 100th anniversary of the [[International Astronomical Union|IAU]], the planet was named Bocaprins, after the beach {{ill|Boca Prins|de||es}} in the [[Arikok National Park]] of [[Aruba]].

==Characteristics==
[[File:Clear to cloudy hot Jupiters.jpg|thumb|left|400px|{{center|Comparison of "[[hot Jupiter]]" exoplanets, including WASP-39b (top row; 4th from left) (artist's concept).}}
From top left to lower right: [[WASP-12b]], [[WASP-6b]], [[WASP-31b]], WASP-39b, [[HD 189733b]], [[HAT-P-12b]], [[WASP-17b]], [[WASP-19b]], [[HAT-P-1b]] and [[HD 209458b]].]]
WASP-39b has a mass of about 0.28 times that of [[Jupiter]] and a radius about 1.27 times that of Jupiter (91,000 km).<ref name="EXO-20180301" /> It is a hot gas giant planet with a high temperature of 900 '''°'''C.<ref name=nasa2022-08-25>{{Cite web |last=Adkins |first=Jamie |date=2022-08-25 |title=NASA's Webb Detects Carbon Dioxide in Exoplanet Atmosphere |url=http://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-detects-carbon-dioxide-in-exoplanet-atmosphere |access-date=2022-08-28 |website=NASA}}</ref> The [[exoplanet]] orbits very close (7 million km) to [[WASP-39]], its host star, every 4 days.<ref name="NASA-20180301" /> 

WASP-39b is also notable for having an extremely low density, near that of [[WASP-17b]]. While WASP-17b has a density of {{val|0.13|0.06}} g/cm<sup>3</sup>, WASP-39b has a slightly higher density of {{val|0.18|0.04}} g/cm<sup>3</sup>.
{{clear|left}}

==Atmospheric composition==
[[File:Hot Gas Giant Exoplanet WASP-39 b (NIRSpec Transmission Spectrum).png|thumb|WASP-39b's atmospheric transmission spectrum captured by Webb’s Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec) reveals first clear evidence for carbon dioxide in a planet outside the Solar System.<ref name="nasa2022-08-25" /> ]]
Hot water molecules were found in the [[atmosphere]] of WASP-39b in a 2018 study.<ref name="NASA-20180301" /> The atmospheric transmission spectra, taken by different instruments, were inconsistent as in 2021, possibly indicating a disequilibrium atmospheric chemistry.<ref>{{citation |arxiv=2110.13443 |date=26 October 2021|title=Implementation of disequilibrium chemistry to spectral retrieval code ARCiS and application to 16 exoplanet transmission spectra|doi=10.1051/0004-6361/202141548 |last1=Kawashima |first1=Yui |last2=Min |first2=Michiel |journal=Astronomy & Astrophysics |volume=656 |pages=A90 |s2cid=239885551 }}</ref> High-fidelity spectra obtained by the [[James Webb Space Telescope]] in 2022 did not confirm a disequilibrium chemistry.

WASP-39b is one of the [[James Webb Space Telescope]]'s early release science targets. [[Sulfur dioxide]] was observed in this planet's atmosphere for the first time, or indeed of any planet outside of the [[Solar System]], indicating the existence of  [[photochemistry|photochemical process]]es in the atmosphere.<ref>{{cite web |url=https://www.nasa.gov/feature/goddard/2022/nasa-s-webb-reveals-an-exoplanet-atmosphere-as-never-seen-before |title=NASA's Webb Reveals an Exoplanet Atmosphere as Never Seen Before |author=NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center |date=22 November 2022 |access-date=22 November 2022}}</ref> WASP-39b is the first exoplanet in which [[carbon dioxide]] has been detected.<ref name="nasa2022-08-25" /><ref>{{citation|arxiv=2208.11692 |title=Identification of carbon dioxide in an exoplanet atmosphere |author1=The JWST Transiting Exoplanet Community Early Release Science Team |last2=Ahrer |first2=Eva-Maria |last3=Alderson |first3=Lili |last4=Batalha |first4=Natalie M. |last5=Batalha |first5=Natasha E. |last6=Bean |first6=Jacob L. |last7=Beatty |first7=Thomas G. |last8=Bell |first8=Taylor J. |last9=Benneke |first9=Björn |last10=Berta-Thompson |first10=Zachory K. |last11=Carter |first11=Aarynn L. |last12=Crossfield |first12=Ian J. M. |last13=Espinoza |first13=Néstor |last14=Feinstein |first14=Adina D. |last15=Fortney |first15=Jonathan J. |last16=Gibson |first16=Neale P. |last17=Goyal |first17=Jayesh M. |last18=Kempton |first18=Eliza M. -R. |last19=Kirk |first19=James |last20=Kreidberg |first20=Laura |last21=López-Morales |first21=Mercedes |last22=Line |first22=Michael R. |last23=Lothringer |first23=Joshua D. |last24=Moran |first24=Sarah E. |last25=Mukherjee |first25=Sagnick |last26=Ohno |first26=Kazumasa |last27=Parmentier |first27=Vivien |last28=Piaulet |first28=Caroline |last29=Rustamkulov |first29=Zafar |last30=Schlawin |first30=Everett |journal=Nature |year=2023 |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=649–652 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05269-w |pmid=36055338 |pmc=9946830 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..649J |display-authors=1 }}</ref><ref name="NYT-20220826">{{cite news |last=Overbye |first=Dennis |authorlink=Dennis Overbye |title=Webb Telescope Sees a Carbon Dioxide Atmosphere Way Out There - WASP-39b, a distant world with a mass equivalent to Saturn's, is the first exoplanet known to harbor the gas. |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2022/08/26/science/space/webb-telescope-wasp-exoplanet.html |date=26 August 2022 |work=[[The New York Times]] |accessdate=27 August 2022 }}</ref>

Planetary transmission spectra taken in 2022 has indicated the atmosphere of WASP-39b is partially cloudy, and planet C/O ratio appears to be subsolar.<ref>{{citation |arxiv=2211.10487 |last=Rustamkulov |first=Zafar |display-authors=etal |title=Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec PRISM|journal=Nature |year=2023 |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=659–663 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05677-y |pmid=36623548 |pmc=9946832 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..659R }}</ref> The spectral signature of water, [[carbon dioxide]], [[sodium]]<ref>{{citation |arxiv=2211.10489 |last=Ahrer |first=Eva-Maria |display-authors=etal |title=Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRCam|journal=Nature |year=2023 |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=653–658 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05590-4 |pmid=36623551 |pmc=9946836 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..653A }}</ref> and [[sulfur dioxide]] were also detected.<ref>{{citation |arxiv=2211.10488 |last1=Alderson |first1=Lili; <abbr title="Hannah R. Wakeford, Munazza K. Alam, Natasha E. Batalha, Joshua D. Lothringer, Jea Adams Redai, Saugata Barat, Jonathan Brande, Mario Damiano, Tansu Daylan, Néstor Espinoza, Laura Flagg, Jayesh M. Goyal, David Grant, Renyu Hu, Julie Inglis, Elspeth K.H. Lee, Thomas Mikal-Evans, Lakeisha Ramos-Rosado, Pierre-Alexis Roy, Nicole L. Wallack, Natalie M. Batalha, Jacob L. Bean, Björn Benneke, Zachory K. Berta-Thompson, Aarynn L. Carter, Quentin Changeat, Knicole D. Colón, Ian J.M. Crossfield, Jean-Michel Désert, Daniel Foreman-Mackey, Neale P. Gibson, Laura Kreidberg, Michael R. Line, Mercedes López-Morales, Karan Molaverdikhani, Sarah E. Moran, Giuseppe Morello, Julianne I. Moses, Sagnick Mukherjee, Everett Schlawin, David K. Sing, Kevin B. Stevenson, Jake Taylor, Keshav Aggarwal, Eva-Maria Ahrer, Natalie H. Allen, Joanna K. Barstow, Taylor J. Bell, Jasmina Blecic, Sarah L. Casewell, Katy L. Chubb, Nicolas Crouzet, Patricio E. Cubillos, Leen Decin, Adina D. Feinstein, Joanthan J. Fortney, Joseph Harrington, Kevin Heng, Nicolas Iro, Eliza M.-R. Kempton, James Kirk, Heather A. Knutson, Jessica Krick, Jérémy Leconte, Monika Lendl, Ryan J. MacDonald, Luigi Mancini, Megan Mansfield, Erin M. May, Nathan J. Mayne, Yamila Miguel, Nikolay K. Nikolov, Kazumasa Ohno, Enric Palle, Vivien Parmentier, Dominique J. M. Petit dit de la Roche, Caroline Piaulet, Diana Powell, Benjamin V. Rackham, Seth Redfield, Laura K. Rogers, Zafar Rustamkulov, Xianyu Tan, P. Tremblin, Shang-Min Tsai, Jake D. Turner, Miguel de Val-Borro, Olivia Venot, Luis Welbanks, Peter J. Wheatley, Xi Zhang">et al.</abbr> |title=Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRSpec G395H|journal=Nature |year=2023 |volume=614 |issue=7949 |pages=664–669 |doi=10.1038/s41586-022-05591-3 |pmid=36623549 |pmc=9946835 |bibcode=2023Natur.614..664A }}</ref>

== WASP-39 (star)==
{{Starbox short
| name     = Malmok
| constell = [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo]]
| ra={{RA|14|29|18.4151689656}}
| dec={{DEC|-03|26|40.204480380}}
| appmag_v = 12.09
| absmag_v = 
| dist_ly  = 702 ± 2
| dist_pc  = 215.4 ± 0.7
| class    = 
| names    = 2MASS J14291840-0326403,<BR> Gaia DR2 3643098875168270592,<BR> 	Gaia EDR3 3643098875168270592
| Simbad   = WASP-39
| ARICNS   = 
| NSTED    = 
| EPE      = 
}}
The parent star '''WASP-39''' is of [[Stellar classification#Class G|spectral class G]] and is slightly smaller than the Sun. It lies in the [[Virgo (constellation)|Virgo constellation]], 698 [[light-year]]s from [[Earth]].<ref name="NASA-20180301" />  The star WASP-39 was formally named Malmok in 2019.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.nameexoworlds.iau.org/final-results|title=Approved names|website=NameExoworlds|language=en|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=https://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau1912/|title=International Astronomical Union {{!}} IAU|website=www.iau.org|access-date=2020-01-02}}</ref>

==See also==
* [[WASP-6b]]
* [[WASP-17b]]
* [[WASP-19b]]
* [[WASP-31b]]
* [[WASP-121b]]
* [[List of proper names of exoplanets]] (see section Sources in References)
* [[List of transiting exoplanets]]
* [[List of exoplanets discovered in 2011]]

==References==
{{Reflist|refs=

<ref name="NASA-20180301">{{cite web |last1=Cofield |first1=Calla |last2=Jenkins |first2=Ann |last3=Villard |first3=Ray |title=NASA Finds a Large Amount of Water in an Exoplanet's Atmosphere |url=https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=7072 |date=1 March 2018 |work=[[NASA]] |access-date=3 March 2018 }}</ref>

<ref name="EXO-20180301">{{cite encyclopedia |title=Planet WASP-39 b |url=https://exoplanet.eu/catalog/wasp_39_b--818/ |date=2018 |encyclopedia=[[Extrasolar Planets Encyclopaedia]] |access-date=1 March 2018 }}</ref>

<ref name="PHYS-20180301">{{cite web |title=NASA finds a large amount of water in an exoplanet's atmosphere |url=https://phys.org/news/2018-03-nasa-large-amount-exoplanet-atmosphere.html |date=1 March 2018 |work=[[Phys.org]] |access-date=1 March 2018 }}</ref>

<ref name="AJ-20171221">{{cite journal |last1=Wakeford |first1=H.R. |last2=Sing |first2=D.K. |last3=Deming |first3=D.; <abbr title="N.K. Lewis, J. Goyal, T.J. Wilson, J. Barstow, T. Kataria, B. Drummond, T.M. Evans, A.L. Carter, N. Nikolov, H.A. Knutson, G.E. Ballester, and A.M. Mandell">et al.</abbr> |title=The Complete Transmission Spectrum of WASP-39b with a Precise Water Constraint |date=21 December 2017 |journal=[[The Astronomical Journal]] |volume=155 |pages=29 |number=1 |doi=10.3847/1538-3881/aa9e4e |arxiv=1711.10529 |s2cid=3685618 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
}}

==External links==
{{Commons category-inline|WASP-39 b|WASP-39b}}

{{Portal bar|Astronomy|Space}}
{{2011 in space}}
{{Virgo (constellation)}}

{{Sky|14|29|18.0|-|03|26|40}}

[[Category:Exoplanets discovered by WASP]]
[[Category:Exoplanets discovered in 2011]]
[[Category:Giant planets]]
[[Category:Hot Jupiters]]
[[Category:Exoplanets with proper names]]