Three-source hypothesis
The three-source hypothesis is a candidate solution to the synoptic problem. It combines aspects of the two-source hypothesis and the Farrer hypothesis. It states that the Gospel of Matthew and the Gospel of Luke used the Gospel of Mark and a sayings collection as primary sources, but that the Gospel of Luke also used the Gospel of Matthew as a subsidiary source. The hypothesis is named after the three documents it posits as sources, namely the sayings collection, the Gospel of Mark, and the Gospel of Matthew.
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| Theory Information | |
|---|---|
| Order | Q Marcan Priority Matt Luke |
| Additional Sources | Q source |
| Gospels' Sources | |
| Matthew | Q, Mark |
| Mark | (Q) |
| Luke | Q, Mark, Matt, Luke |
| Theory History | |
| Proponents | Heinrich Julius Holtzmann, Eduard Simons, Hans Hinrich Wendt, Edward Y. Hincks, Robert Morgenthaler, Robert H. Gundry |
The sayings collection may be identified with Q, or with a subset of Q[1] if some (typically narrative-related) material normally assigned to Q is instead attributed to Matthew's creativity in conjunction with Luke's use of Matthew.
This theory has been advocated by Heinrich Julius Holtzmann,[2] Eduard Simons,[3] Hans Hinrich Wendt,[4] Edward Y. Hincks,[5] Robert Morgenthaler[6] and Robert H. Gundry.[7]
Alternatively, M.A.T. Linssen[8] proposes it as a variant by equating the sayings collection to the Gospel of Thomas, suggesting that Matthew and Luke worked together to write different gospels, each targeted at their own audience.
See also
- Synoptic problem
- Marcan priority
- Q source
- Two-source hypothesis
- Q+/Papias hypothesis
- Common Sayings Source
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References
- ^ W. Wilkens "Die Versuchung Jesu nach Matthäus" NTS 28 (1982) 479-489
- ^ H. J. Holtzmann, "Zur synoptischen Frage", pp. 553–54 in Jahrbücher für protestantische Theologie 4 (1878)
- ^ E. Simons, Hat der dritte Evangelist den kanonischen Matthäus benutzt? (Bonn: Carl Georgi 1880)
- ^ H. H. Wendt, Die Lehre Jesu (Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht 1886)
- ^ E. Y. Hincks, "The Probable Use of the First Gospel by Luke", JBL Vol. 10 No. 2 (1891), pp. 92–106
- ^ R. Morgenthaler, Statistische Synopse (Zürich: Gotthelf 1971)
- ^ R.H.Gundry, Matthew, A Commentary on His Literary and Theological Art (Michigan: Eerdmans 1982)
- ^ Linssen, Martijn (2020-08-12). "Absolute Thomasine priority - the Synoptic Problem solved in the most unsatisfactory manner". Absolute Thomasine Priority. Part I: 83 – via academia.edu.