Collectionwise normal space

In mathematics, a topological space Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle X} is called collectionwise normal if for every discrete family F_i (i ∈ I) of closed subsets of Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle X} there exists a pairwise disjoint family of open sets U_i (i ∈ I), such that F_i ⊆ U_i. Here a family Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle \mathcal{F}} of subsets of $X$ is called discrete when every point of $X$ has a neighbourhood that intersects at most one of the sets from ${\mathcal {F}}$ . An equivalent definition^[1] of collectionwise normal demands that the above U_i (i ∈ I) themselves form a discrete family, which is stronger than pairwise disjoint.

Some authors assume that Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle X} is also a T₁ space as part of the definition, but no such assumption is made here.

The property is intermediate in strength between paracompactness and normality, and occurs in metrization theorems.

Properties

A collectionwise normal space is collectionwise Hausdorff.
A collectionwise normal space is normal.
A Hausdorff paracompact space is collectionwise normal.^[2] In particular, every metrizable space is collectionwise normal.
Note: The Hausdorff condition is necessary here, since for example an infinite set with the cofinite topology is compact, hence paracompact, and T₁, but is not even normal.
Every normal countably compact space (hence every normal compact space) is collectionwise normal.
Proof: Use the fact that in a countably compact space any discrete family of nonempty subsets is finite.
An F_σ-set in a collectionwise normal space is also collectionwise normal in the subspace topology. In particular, this holds for closed subsets.
The Moore metrization theorem states that a collectionwise normal Moore space is metrizable.

Hereditarily collectionwise normal space

A topological space X is called hereditarily collectionwise normal if every subspace of X with the subspace topology is collectionwise normal.

In the same way that hereditarily normal spaces can be characterized in terms of separated sets, there is an equivalent characterization for hereditarily collectionwise normal spaces. A family Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F_i (i \in I)} of subsets of X is called a separated family if for every i, we have Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\textstyle F_i \cap \operatorname{cl}(\bigcup_{j \ne i}F_j) = \empty} , with cl denoting the closure operator in X, in other words if the family of Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F_i} is discrete in its union. The following conditions are equivalent:^[3]

X is hereditarily collectionwise normal.
Every open subspace of X is collectionwise normal.
For every separated family Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F_i} of subsets of X, there exists a pairwise disjoint family of open sets $U_{i}(i\in I)$ , such that Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): {\displaystyle F_i \subseteq U_i} .

Examples of hereditarily collectionwise normal spaces

Every linearly ordered topological space (LOTS)^[4]
Every generalized ordered space (GO-space)
Every metrizable space. This follows from the fact that metrizable spaces are collectionwise normal and being metrizable is a hereditary property.
Every monotonically normal space^[5]

Notes

^ Engelking, Theorem 5.1.17, shows the equivalence between the two definitions (under the assumption of T₁, but the proof does not use the T₁ property).
^ Engelking 1989, Theorem 5.1.18.
^ Engelking 1989, Problem 5.5.1.
^ Steen, Lynn A. (1970). "A direct proof that a linearly ordered space is hereditarily collectionwise normal". Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 24: 727–728. doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-1970-0257985-7.
^ Heath, R. W.; Lutzer, D. J.; Zenor, P. L. (April 1973). "Monotonically Normal Spaces" (PDF). Transactions of the American Mathematical Society. 178: 481–493. doi:10.2307/1996713. JSTOR 1996713.

References

Engelking, Ryszard (1989). General Topology. Heldermann Verlag, Berlin. ISBN 3-88538-006-4.

[1] Engelking, Theorem 5.1.17, shows the equivalence between the two definitions (under the assumption of T₁, but the proof does not use the T₁ property).

[FOOTNOTEEngelking1989Theorem_5.1.18-2] Engelking 1989, Theorem 5.1.18.

[FOOTNOTEEngelking1989Problem_5.5.1-3] Engelking 1989, Problem 5.5.1.

[4] Steen, Lynn A. (1970). "A direct proof that a linearly ordered space is hereditarily collectionwise normal". Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 24: 727–728. doi:10.1090/S0002-9939-1970-0257985-7.

[5] Heath, R. W.; Lutzer, D. J.; Zenor, P. L. (April 1973). "Monotonically Normal Spaces" (PDF). Transactions of the American Mathematical Society. 178: 481–493. doi:10.2307/1996713. JSTOR 1996713.

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