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Crossognathiformes

Extinct order of ray-finned fishes

Crossognathiformes is an extinct order of ray-finned fish that lived from the Late Jurassic to the Eocene. Its phylogenetic placement is disputed; some authors have recovered it as part of the teleost stem group,[1] while others place it in a basal position within crown group Teleostei.[2] Other placements have found it to be paraphyletic, with the Varasichthyidae being stem-group teleosts whereas the other, "true" crossognathiforms are crown-group teleosts within the Teleocephala.[2]

Crossognathiformes
Temporal range: Late Jurassic to Early Eocene
Rhacolepis fossil
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Division: Teleostei
Order: †Crossognathiformes
Taverne, 1989
Type genus
†Crossognathus
Pictet, 1858
Subgroups

See text

The oldest definitive crossognathiforms are known from the Late Jurassic (Oxfordian) of Chile. They diversified afterwards and became a dominant group of marine fish throughout much of the Cretaceous. The last surviving member was the pachyrhizodontid Platinx from the Early Eocene of Monte Bolca, Italy.[3]

Classification

Order Crossognathiformes Taverne, 1989[1][4]

Timeline of genera

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from: -145.5    till: -99.6    color:earlycretaceous    text:Early
from: -99.6    till: -65.5    color:latecretaceous    text:Late
from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleo.
from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eo. 
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligo.            
from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Mio.
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Pl.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pl.
from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

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from: -145.5    till: -65.5   color:cretaceous    text:Cretaceous
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color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM1  from:-130    till:-99.6 text:Crossognathus
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM2  from:-125    till:-120.67 text:Greenwoodella
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM3  from:-125    till:-112 text:Araripichthys
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM4 from:-115.25    till:-112 text:Rhacolepis
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM5 from:-112    till:-89.3 text:Plethodus
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM6 from:-112    till:-70.6 text:Pachyrizodus
color:earlycretaceous bar:NAM7 from:-112    till:-65.5 text:Apsopelix
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM8  from:-99.6    till:-93.5 text:Paranogmius
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM9  from:-99.6    till:-93.5 text:Protobrama
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM10  from:-99.6    till:-89.3 text:Tselfatia
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM11 from:-99.6    till:-70.6 text:Elopopsis
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM12 from:-93.5    till:-89.3 text:Enischorhynchus
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM13 from:-89.3    till:-85.8 text:Luxilites
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM14  from:-89.3    till:-85.8 text:Martinichthys
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM15 from:-89.3    till:-83.5 text:Niobrara
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM16  from:-89.3    till:-83.5 text:Syntengmodus
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM17  from:-89.3    till:-70.6 text:Bananogmius
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM18  from:-85.8    till:-83.5 text:Zanclites
color:latecretaceous bar:NAM19 from:-83.5    till:-70.6 text:Moorevillia 
color:eocene bar:NAM20 from:-55.8    till:-33.9 text:Platinx

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from: -145.5    till: -99.6    color:earlycretaceous    text:Early
from: -99.6    till: -65.5    color:latecretaceous    text:Late
from: -65.5   till:  -55.8    color:paleocene  text:Paleo.
from: -55.8   till:  -33.9    color:eocene  text:Eo. 
from: -33.9   till:  -23.03    color:oligocene  text:Oligo.            
from: -23.03    till: -5.332    color:miocene    text:Mio.
from: -5.332    till: -2.588    color:pliocene    text:Pl.
from: -2.588    till: -0.0117   color:pleistocene    text:Pl.
from: -0.0117    till: 0    color:holocene    text:H.

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from: -65.5   till:  -23.03    color:paleogene  text:Paleogene         
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Bibliography

  • Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560. Archived from the original on July 23, 2011. Retrieved 2011-05-17.

References

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Nelson, J. S.; Grande, T. C.; Wilson, M. V. H. (2016). Fishes of the World (5th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 9781118342336.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Sferco, E.; López-Arbarello, A.; Báez, A. M. (2015). "Phylogenetic relationships of †Luisiella feruglioi (Bordas) and the recognition of a new clade of freshwater teleosts from the Jurassic of Gondwana". BMC Evolutionary Biology. 15 (1): 268. doi:10.1186/s12862-015-0551-6. PMC 4668602. PMID 26630925.
  3. ^ Arratia, Gloria; Tischlinger, Helmut (2010-08-05). "The first record of Late Jurassic crossognathiform fishes from Europe and their phylogenetic importance for teleostean phylogeny". Fossil Record. 13 (2): 317–341. doi:10.1002/mmng.201000005.
  4. ^ van der Laan, R. (2016). "Family-group names of fossil fishes". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  5. ^ Arratia, G.; Tischlinger, H. (2010). "The first record of Late Jurassic crossognathiform fishes from Europe and their phylogenetic importance for teleostean phylogeny". Fossil Record. 13 (2): 317–341. doi:10.1002/mmng.201000005.
  6. ^ Veysey, A. J.; Brito, P. M.; Martill, D. M. (2020). "A new crossognathiform fish (Actinopterygii, Teleostei) from the Upper Cretaceous (Turonian) of southern Morocco with hypertrophied fins". Cretaceous Research. 114: 104207. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2019.104207. S2CID 202200253.
  7. ^ London, M. G.; Shimada, K. (2020). "A new pachyrhizodontid fish (Actinopterygii: Teleostei) from the Tarrant Formation (Cenomanian) of the Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Group in Texas, USA". Cretaceous Research. 113: 104490. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2020.104490. S2CID 219066064.

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