English: Cis- and trans-isomers of Proline. Due to its partial double bond character, rotation around the blue bond (peptide bond) is restricted. Peptidyl prolyl isomerase (PPIase) catalyses cis-trans-isomerisation by lowering the partial double bond character of the peptide bond. The correct cis / trans configuration of proline is relevant in protein folding. Reference: Wedemeyer WJ, Welker E, Scheraga HA (2002). "Proline cis-trans isomerization and protein folding". Biochemistry41 (50): 14637–44. DOI:10.1021/bi020574b. PMID12475212.
The descriptors cis and trans refer to the relative position of the Cα atoms (marked red). The dihedral angle of the peptide bond (blue) is also known as ω.
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