Kryts language
Samur language of Azerbaijan
Kryts (Kryc) is a Lezgic language of the Northeast Caucasian language family spoken in parts of the Quba Rayon of Azerbaijan by 6,000 people in 1975.[1] Its dialects are Kryts, Jek, Khaput, Yergyudzh, and Alyk, which are all quite distinct to the point of only partial mutual intelligibility, therefore they could also be considered separate languages in a dialect continuum.[1]
| Kryts | |
|---|---|
| Kryc | |
| кърыцIаь мез ġrəċä mez цIека meз ċeka mez | |
| Pronunciation | [ɢrɨts’æ mɛz] |
| Native to | Azerbaijan |
| Region | Quba Rayon |
| Ethnicity | Kryts people |
Native speakers | 5,000 (2007)[1] |
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | kry |
| Glottolog | kryt1240 |
 Kryts | |
 Kryts is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger[2] | |
Kryts is endangered,[3][4] classified as "severely endangered" by UNESCO's Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger.[5]
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal/ Epiglottal |
Glottal | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | lab. | pal. | plain | lab. | pal. | |||||||
| Stop | voiceless | p | t | k | kʷ | kʲ | q | qʷ | qʲ | ʔ | ||
| ejective | pʼ | tʼ | kʼ | kʼʷ | kʼʲ | qʼ | qʼʷ | qʼʲ | ||||
| voiced | b | d | ɡ | ɡʷ | (ɢ) | |||||||
| Affricate | voiceless | (t͡s) | t͡ʃ | |||||||||
| ejective | t͡sʼ | t͡ʃʼ | ||||||||||
| voiced | (d͡z) | d͡ʒ | ||||||||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s | ʃ | x | χ | (ʜ) | h | ||||
| voiced | v | z | ʒ | ɣ | ʁ | ʁʷ | ʕ | |||||
| Nasal | m | n | ||||||||||
| Trill | r | |||||||||||
| Approximant | l | j | ||||||||||
- /ʁ/ may also be realized as [ɢ] or [qː], in complementary distribution.
- Sounds /t͡s, d͡z/ only occur in other dialects of the language.
- An /h/ may vary from a glottal sound to an epiglottal fricative /ʜ/.
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | (ɨ) | u |
| Mid | e | ||
| Open | a |
- /i/ can be heard as [ɨ], in free variation
- The four vowels may also be pharyngealized as /iˤ, uˤ, eˤ, aˤ/.
Orthography
In 2020, a dictionary was published in the Khaput variety, using the Latin script.[6]
| A a | B b | C c | Ç ç | Ç' ç' | D d | E e | Ә ә | F f | G g | Ğ ğ | Ğ' ğ' |
| H h | H' h' | Ĥ ĥ | X x | X' x' | J j | İ i | I ı | K k | K' k' | Q q | Q' q' |
| Q̂ q̂ | L l | M m | N n | O o | Ö ö | P p | P' p' | R r | S s | Ş ş | S' s' |
| T t | U u | Ü ü | V v | Y y | Z z |
References
- Authier, Gilles (2009). Grammaire kryz. Collection Linguistique (Société de linguistique de Paris). Vol. 93. Leuven: Peeters. ISBN 9789042923157.
- ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Kryts at Ethnologue (25th ed., 2022)
- ^ UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger Archived 22 February 2009 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Kryts". The Endangered Languages Project.
- ^ "UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger". UNESCO.
- ^ UNESCO Interactive Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger Archived February 17, 2010, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ Hərərə Mezınə Şikilbəzınə Luğət [Picture Dictionary in the Haput Language]. ISBN 978-9952-511-17-8.
External links