Langeoog
Langeoog (Low German: Langeoog) is one of the seven inhabited East Frisian Islands at the edge of the Lower Saxon Wadden Sea in the southern North Sea, located between Baltrum Island (west), and Spiekeroog (east). It is also a municipality in the district of Wittmund in Lower Saxony, Germany. The name Langeoog means Long Island in the Low German dialect.
Langeoog | |
|---|---|
 Aerial view of Langeoog from the north | |
 Flag  Coat of arms | |
Location of Langeoog within Wittmund district <imagemap>File: Langeoog in WTM.svg | 240x240px rect 797 4 1049 79 Wangerooge rect 70 891 130 956 Wittmund (district) rect 11 874 390 1225 Lower Saxony rect 486 30 754 123 Spiekeroog rect 123 98 441 221 Langeoog rect 1 143 96 229 Baltrum poly 1235 473 1087 554 1192 809 1237 815 Wilhelmshaven poly 893 1235 865 1125 1055 999 1064 948 1034 912 1016 914 1019 886 997 892 1012 804 927 786 801 826 791 770 825 718 880 587 884 495 872 393 797 242 1015 228 1125 262 1109 305 1149 427 1162 441 1216 421 1230 467 1199 481 1152 471 1133 495 1116 526 1084 545 1136 668 1185 810 1189 914 1232 977 1235 1230 Friesland (district) poly 878 1194 890 1236 631 1236 784 1191 801 1203 817 1224 Leer (district) poly 5 309 166 314 222 350 240 353 248 373 216 372 198 392 232 442 87 457 56 569 54 694 84 729 101 739 190 698 482 653 495 714 465 751 530 827 518 932 582 948 633 912 638 948 603 971 626 997 678 1029 699 1035 706 1063 681 1078 695 1105 753 1126 771 1192 616 1233 3 1230 Aurich (district) poly 537 929 542 845 578 844 595 871 634 850 671 866 698 857 699 839 733 787 745 812 754 803 782 816 799 817 821 824 934 792 984 796 1008 805 998 842 987 876 991 895 1019 888 1015 913 1036 913 1060 946 1042 980 1055 994 1030 1010 856 1131 880 1190 814 1226 813 1202 780 1190 777 1121 779 1113 777 1094 762 1101 747 1106 726 1105 716 1092 701 1098 696 1079 727 1055 725 1037 706 1043 708 1024 719 1020 709 1007 724 991 707 983 692 1002 680 1002 677 1013 644 996 638 998 629 959 653 958 653 926 645 910 590 917 564 930 560 935 535 934 539 851 Friedeburg poly 542 850 576 845 592 867 632 848 659 852 668 870 697 854 690 829 741 789 747 813 760 798 781 818 794 820 787 778 817 721 827 667 828 634 869 600 869 585 857 580 845 585 847 565 861 551 873 507 854 479 824 475 799 445 832 443 838 410 788 235 658 264 720 279 687 362 721 373 718 379 697 376 693 391 699 407 680 414 675 398 655 402 660 412 646 424 625 421 625 441 533 509 558 575 555 577 516 598 493 647 516 721 484 753 538 819 Wittmund poly 253 453 210 391 228 376 246 382 261 362 253 343 288 340 320 378 357 360 373 372 381 417 404 425 412 435 407 447 395 437 394 458 375 457 375 473 382 482 374 495 351 483 340 479 290 468 Holtgast poly 288 337 432 295 402 340 443 349 472 334 517 343 515 354 483 362 490 368 462 386 471 424 430 463 411 449 412 433 388 421 378 381 355 361 318 378 Esens poly 433 293 407 337 446 350 470 332 511 342 517 356 553 348 599 302 624 281 664 291 659 323 698 322 707 294 721 282 647 264 591 269 546 259 Neuharlingersiel poly 550 348 626 422 652 418 658 394 674 396 684 415 698 409 693 391 688 379 707 377 724 381 720 373 680 357 700 323 653 319 662 292 625 280 Werdum poly 430 468 445 490 446 501 468 508 471 518 487 509 519 512 547 495 630 437 626 421 550 350 482 360 485 375 463 387 472 422 Stedesdorf poly 63 574 76 582 77 595 130 594 129 557 116 549 106 522 119 510 105 470 87 479 102 493 87 504 76 529 85 541 Nenndorf poly 77 594 130 593 118 645 156 668 180 662 184 695 108 713 98 721 63 696 83 674 Eversmeer poly 218 680 271 675 265 651 282 646 281 616 309 610 300 572 254 578 249 565 232 550 209 566 210 581 196 585 196 596 186 601 189 620 190 670 209 665 Neuschoo poly 265 673 358 657 390 627 384 597 374 593 368 575 341 571 347 559 301 573 306 612 278 621 281 643 261 650 Blomberg poly 362 657 390 627 412 543 444 501 472 505 468 518 474 518 486 508 534 505 543 526 555 544 549 573 519 596 494 648 444 648 Dunum poly 254 576 254 565 275 559 281 537 344 484 375 497 385 484 369 465 390 446 423 457 427 468 444 499 401 546 397 609 383 595 373 585 365 575 343 577 344 555 Moorweg poly 180 460 171 465 209 566 235 548 235 531 214 507 236 490 241 468 Utarp poly 220 507 232 530 235 556 277 559 283 535 342 484 252 456 237 490 Ochtersum poly 153 465 155 511 149 533 174 570 183 600 206 581 172 479 178 458 Schweindorf poly 105 469 116 509 110 524 127 556 112 647 155 664 176 664 182 686 209 680 208 666 187 671 191 621 175 570 147 532 161 506 157 495 151 460 140 472 Westerholt desc bottom-right </imagemap> | |
  Langeoog  Langeoog | |
| Coordinates: 53°44′54″N 7°28′47″E / 53.74833°N 7.47972°E | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Lower Saxony |
| District | Wittmund |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2019–24) | Heike Horn[1] (Ind.) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 19.67 km2 (7.59 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 5 m (16 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
| • Total | 1,747 |
| • Density | 89/km2 (230/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 26465 |
| Dialling codes | 04972 |
| Vehicle registration | WTM |
| Website | www.langeoog.de |
Geography
Langeoog's beach is 14 km (9 mi) long. Langeoog's actual size depends on the level of tide, which rises and falls about 2.5 metres (8 ft 2.4 in) in 6 hours.
Geology
Langeoog is geologically nothing but sand. Rainwater that falls into the sand has a lower density than saltwater, which makes a kind of freshwater bubble float over the saltwater surrounding and deep under the island.
The beach and the dunes are eroded by the sea in the western part of the island. Since about 1970, Langeoog's western end has moved several hundred metres to the east. This happens on every East Frisian island – some islands moved so far that the town had to be rebuilt several times. Every island except Juist and Langeoog has large concrete groynes at its western end to reduce erosion.
History
Storm tides
In 1717 Langeoog was cut in three parts by the Christmas storm tide.
Nazi era
During the Nazi era, the government expanded Langeoog as an air base starting in 1940. On August 22, 1940, 250 French prisoners of war were transferred to the island to perform forced labor. Starting in 1941, 113 Soviet prisoners of war were also brought to the island. They died due to inhumane treatment; a memorial at the Langeoog Dunes Cemetery today commemorates their fate. There were also summer camps for the Hitler Youth on the island as early as the 1930s.[3][4] During this same period, the expelled Jewish family of Heer were living there along with a group of Jewish children from Halberstadt who were in hiding and secretly cared for by the courageous Haus Bethanien sisters.[5]
Deaths
The Iranologist and linguist Christian Bartholomae died on the island in 1925.[6][7] The meteorologist Johannes Letzmann lived on Langeoog from 1962 to his death in 1971.
Transportation
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Langeoog can be reached from Bensersiel port on the East Frisian mainland by the ferries of the Langeoog Shipping Company: Langeoog I, Langeoog II, Langeoog III and Langeoog IV. Langeoog ferries' schedule does not depend on the tide, which is unusual among East Frisian ferries.
The port and the town are linked by a railway, and Langeoog also has an airport.
Langeoog largely has a no automobile policy. Visitors to the island have to leave their cars on the mainland. Only the fire department and ambulance service have standard motorized vehicles. Tractors and heavy construction vehicles can be operated within limits. The policemen and doctors get about on bicycles. Some companies (construction, drink delivery, post office, etc.) have electric cars. The post office and the shipping company have one electric car each. If one does not want to walk, one can rent a bicycle or take a horse carriage taxi.
Tourism
Tourism is the main source of income for Langeoog's economy. There are guest rooms in almost all island buildings. There are also several hotels. The youth hostel is several kilometers outside the town.
The island's unpolluted air makes it popular with people who have respiratory problems.
Landmarks
 |
- Langeoog's water tower
- The tower of the Catholic Church
- The tower of the Protestant church
- The Melkhörndüne – This was once East Frisia's highest natural elevation and, as such, a tourist attraction. The thousands of visitors every year walking to the top of it shifted the sand and the dune is no longer the highest point, which is now the White Dune on the neighbouring island of Spiekeroog.
- The Seenotbeobachtungsstelle, the watchtower of the lifeboat service
Famous people
Singer-songwriter Lale Andersen, whose 1939 interpretation of the song Lili Marleen became tremendously popular during World War II, lived here for several years. Although she died in Vienna in 1972, she is buried on the island's dune cemetery. A bronze memorial in her honor has been erected on Langeoog.
See also
References
- ^ "Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen". Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen. April 2021.
- ^ "LSN-Online Regionaldatenbank, Tabelle A100001G: Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes, Stand 31. Dezember 2022" (in German). Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ NS-Zeit auf Langeoog, Larissa Siebolds: "Auf Langeoog sollen nun Stolpersteine an die jüdische Familie de Heer erinnern – Verlegung 2024", NWZ-online, 14 april 2023, accessed, 9 September 2023.
- ^ Zeltlager anno 1936: Der Jugendkult der Nazis, Ostfriesland Reloaded, 5 August 2022, accessed 9 September 2023.
- ^ Inselkirche Langeoog – Chronik auf www.inselkark.de
- ^ Schmitt, Rüdiger (15 December 1988). "BARTHOLOMAE, CHRISTIAN". Encyclopædia Iranica. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
- ^ "Bartholomae, Christian". Hrvatska enciklopedija, mrežno izdanje (in hrvatski). Leksikografski zavod Miroslav Krleža. 2021. Retrieved 15 December 2023.
External links
Media related to Langeoog at Wikimedia Commons
- No URL found. Please specify a URL here or add one to Wikidata. (in German)
- Langeoog Island Ferry (in German)
- Langeoog Online – Travel and Tourism Directory (in German)
- Die Langeooger – Photos from former boarding school times (in German)