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Per mille

Unit for parts per thousand
(Redirected from Permille)
"%o", "‰", and "Promille" redirect here. For the Finnish video game, see Promille (video game). For the format string specifiers, see printf format string and scanf format string. Not to be confused with %, indicating parts per hundred, or with ‱, indicating parts per ten thousand. Not to be confused with parts per million.

The phrase per mille (from Latin per mīlle 'in each thousand')[1] indicates parts per thousand.[2] The associated symbol is ‰, similar to a per cent sign % but with an extra zero in the divisor.

‰
Per mille
In UnicodeU+2030 ‰ PER MILLE SIGN (‰)
Related
See alsoU+0025 % PERCENT SIGN
U+2031 ‱ PER TEN THOUSAND SIGN (Basis point)

Major dictionaries do not agree on the spelling,[1][2][3] giving other options of per mil,[2] per mill,[1][3] permil,[1][4] permill,[1] permille.[5][6]

The word promille is the cognate in Dutch, German, Finnish and Swedish, and is sometimes seen as a loanword in English with the same meaning as per mille.[7][4]

Computer systems

The code point for the glyph is included in the General Punctuation block of Unicode characters: U+2030 ‰ PER MILLE SIGN.[5] It may be typed using Alt+0137, Compose%o,[a] Ctrl+⇧ Shift+u 2030, or ⌥ Option+⇧ Shift+r according to operating system.

Examples

Blood alcohol concentration

Main article: Blood alcohol concentration

Promille and permille are likely best known as shorthand terms for Blood Alcohol Concentration, where 1 promille corresponds to 1 gram of alcohol per liter of blood.[9] Promille is used in the legal limits of blood-alcohol content for driving a road vehicle in some countries: for example: 0.5‰ or 0.8‰.[10]

Cost per mille

Sales and marketing

Main article: Cost per mille

Cost per mille (CPM), the price of 1000 units, may be used for views of banner and display advertising, and for emails delivered by email service providers.

Insurance

In UK insurance usage, the cost per mille is the rate per £1000 of insured value.[11] In India, the premium per mille is the rate expressed as thousandths of the sum assured.[12]

Gradients

 
A tram and gradient sign in Gdańsk, Poland. The 50‰ grade is equivalent to 50 m/km or 5%.
Main article: Grade (slope)

Gradients (in some countries in Europe) may be expressed as mm/m or m/km, and written with the per mille symbol.[13][14]

Isotope ratios

Per mille may be used to express stable-isotope ratios—for example: "δ13C was measured at −3.5‰"

Taxation

Charity fraction

In Italy, it is possible to nominate a charity or charities to receive "five per mille" (5‰) of personal taxation payments.[15]

Property tax

Main article: Property tax

Property taxation rates may be expressed as the millage rate (U.S.) or mill rate (Canada), from mill (currency), one thousandth of a dollar.

Quantile

Lua error: not enough memory. Permille may also be used to express a 1000-quantile ("999th permille"),[16][17] but this usage is rare and largely obsolete. Modern publications instead use fractional percentiles ("99.9th percentile").[18]

Salinity

Lua error: not enough memory. Seawater salinity is often expressed per mille. Average marine salinity is about 35 parts per thousand or 35‰ (3.5%).[19]

Related units

 
Visualisation of 1%, 1‰, 1‱, 1 pcm and 1 ppm as fractions of the large block (larger version)

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The sequence the percent key (%) is followed by lower case letter o and not, as might be expected, by digit 0.[8]

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References

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Subscription or participating institution membership required.)
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. (Page 258)
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Unicode. "General Punctuation". 2014. Accessed 5 Aug 2014.
  6. ^ Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1.
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External links

  •   Media related to Lua error: Internal error: The interpreter exited with status 1. at Wikimedia Commons

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