Secretary of State for Education
| United Kingdom Secretary of State for Education | |
|---|---|
_(Tudor_Crown).svg) | |
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| Department for Education | |
| Style | Education Secretary (informal) The Right Honourable (within the UK and Commonwealth) |
| Type | Minister of the Crown |
| Status | Secretary of State |
| Member of | |
| Reports to | The Prime Minister |
| Seat | Westminster |
| Nominator | The Prime Minister |
| Appointer | The Monarch (on the advice of the Prime Minister) |
| Term length | At His Majesty's Pleasure |
| Formation |
|
| First holder | William Cowper-Temple (as Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education) |
| Salary | £159,038 per annum (2022)[1] (including £86,584 MP salary)[2] |
| Website | www.gov.uk |
| This article is part of a series on |
| Politics of the United Kingdom |
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The office of Secretary of State for Education, also referred to as Education Secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for the work of the Department for Education.[3] The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom.
The office holder works alongside the other Education ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for education, and the work of the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Education Select Committee.[4]
The current education secretary is Bridget Phillipson.
Responsibilities
Corresponding to what is generally known as an education minister in many other countries, the education secretary's remit is concerned primarily with England. This includes:
- Early years
- Children's social care
- Teacher recruitment and retention
- The national curriculum
- School improvement
- Academies and free schools
- Further education
- Apprenticeships and skills
- Higher education
- Oversight of the departmental coronavirus (COVID-19) response
- Oversight of school infrastructure improvement[5]
History
A committee of the Privy Council was appointed in 1839 to supervise the distribution of certain government grants in the education field.[6] The members of the committee were the Lord President of the Council, the Secretaries of State, the First Lord of the Treasury, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer. From 1857 a vice-president was appointed who took responsibility for policy.
On 1 April 1900, the Board of Education Act 1899 abolished the committee and instituted a new board, headed by a president. The members were initially very similar to the old committee and the president of the board was the Lord President of the council; however, from 1902 this ceased to be the case and the president of the board was appointed separately (although the Marquess of Londonderry happened to hold both jobs from 1903 to 1905).
The Education Act 1944 replaced the Board of Education with a new Ministry of Education.
The position of Secretary of State for Education and Science was created in 1964 with the merger of the offices of Minister of Education and the Minister of Science. The postholder oversaw the Department of Education and Science.
From June 1970 to March 1974, this post was held by future prime minister Margaret Thatcher.[7]
In 1992, the responsibility for science was transferred to Cabinet Office's Office of Public Service, and the department was renamed Department of Education. In 1995 the department merged with the Department of Employment to become the Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) and in 2001 the employment functions were transferred to a newly created Department for Work and Pensions, with the DfEE becoming the Department for Education and Skills (DfES). In 2007 under Gordon Brown's new premiership, the DfES was split into two new departments; the Department for Children, Schools and Families, and a Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills, under two new secretaries of state.
The ministerial office of the Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills was, in late 2009, amalgamated into the new ministerial office of the resurgent politician Peter Mandelson, made a peer and given the title Lord Mandelson as the newly created Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills – itself an amalgamation of the responsibilities of the Secretaries of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform and Innovation, Universities and Skills. The Secretary of State has remit over higher education policy as well as British business and enterprise.
From 14 July 2016 to 8 January 2018 the post was held by Justine Greening, as her predecessor, Nicky Morgan, was sacked by Theresa May. Greening resigned after rejecting a reshuffle to the Department for Work and Pensions.[8]
On 7 July 2022, Michelle Donelan became the shortest-serving cabinet member in British history, when she resigned as Education Secretary 35 hours after being appointed.[9]
List of office holders
Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education (1857–1902)
Colour key (for political parties):
Whig
Conservative
Liberal
President of the Board of Education (1900–1944)
Colour key (for political parties):
Liberal Unionist
Conservative
Liberal
Labour
National Labour
Minister of Education (1944–1964)
Colour key (for political parties):
Conservative
Labour
| Minister | Term of office | Party | Prime Minister | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
R. A. Butler[11] | 10 August 1944 | 25 May 1945 | Conservative | Winston Churchill (War Coalition) | ||
|
Richard Law | 25 May 1945 | 26 July 1945 | Conservative | Winston Churchill (Caretaker Min.) | ||
|
Ellen Wilkinson | 3 August 1945 | 6 February 1947 (died in office) |
Labour | Clement Attlee | ||
|
George Tomlinson | 10 February 1947 | 26 October 1951 | Labour | |||
|
Florence Horsbrugh | 2 November 1951 | 18 October 1954 | Conservative | Winston Churchill | ||
|
David Eccles | 18 October 1954 | 13 January 1957 | Conservative | |||
| Anthony Eden | |||||||
|
Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone | 13 January 1957 | 17 September 1957 | Conservative | Harold Macmillan | ||
|
|
Geoffrey Lloyd | 17 September 1957 | 14 October 1959 | Conservative | |||
|
|
David Eccles | 14 October 1959 | 13 July 1962 | Conservative | |||
|
|
Edward Boyle, Baron Boyle of Handsworth | 13 July 1962 | 1 April 1964 | Conservative | |||
| Alec Douglas-Home | |||||||
Secretary of State for Education and Science (1964–1992)
Colour key (for political parties):
Conservative
Labour
| Secretary of State | Term of office | Party | Prime Minister | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Quintin Hogg (formerly Viscount Hailsham) |
1 April 1964 | 16 October 1964 | Conservative | Alec Douglas-Home | ||
.jpg)
|
Michael Stewart | 18 October 1964 | 22 January 1965 | Labour | Harold Wilson | ||
.jpg)
|
Anthony Crosland | 22 January 1965 | 29 August 1967 | Labour | |||
|
Patrick Gordon Walker | 29 August 1967 | 6 April 1968 | Labour | |||
|
|
Edward Short | 6 April 1968 | 19 June 1970 | Labour | |||
|
Margaret Thatcher[12][7] | 20 June 1970 | 4 March 1974 | Conservative | Edward Heath | ||
|
|
Reginald Prentice[13] | 5 March 1974 | 9 June 1975 | Labour | Harold Wilson | ||
|
Fred Mulley[14] | 10 June 1975 | 9 September 1976 | Labour | |||
| James Callaghan | |||||||
|
Shirley Williams[15] | 10 September 1976 | 4 May 1979 | Labour | |||
|
|
Mark Carlisle | 5 May 1979 | 14 September 1981 | Conservative | Margaret Thatcher | ||
|
|
Keith Joseph[16] | 14 September 1981 | 20 May 1986 | Conservative | |||
|
Kenneth Baker[17] | 21 May 1986 | 23 July 1989 | Conservative | |||
|
John MacGregor[18] | 24 July 1989 | 1 November 1990 | Conservative | |||
|
Kenneth Clarke[19] | 2 November 1990 | 9 April 1992 | Conservative | |||
| John Major | |||||||
Secretary of State for Education (1992–1995)
Colour key (for political parties):
Conservative
| Secretary of State | Term of office | Party | Prime Minister | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
John Patten[20] | 10 April 1992 | 20 July 1994 | Conservative | John Major | ||
|
Gillian Shephard[21] | 20 July 1994 | 5 July 1995 | Conservative | |||
Secretary of State for Education and Employment (1995–2001)
Colour key (for political parties):
Conservative
Labour
| Secretary of State | Term of office | Party | Prime Minister | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
Gillian Shephard[21] | 5 July 1995 | 1 May 1997 | Conservative | John Major | ||
|
David Blunkett[22] | 1 May 1997 | 8 June 2001 | Labour | Tony Blair | ||
Secretary of State for Education and Skills (2001–2007)
Colour key (for political parties):
Labour
| Secretary of State | Term of office | Party | Prime Minister | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Estelle Morris[23] | 8 June 2001 | 24 October 2002 (resigned) |
Labour | Tony Blair | ||
|
Charles Clarke[24] | 24 October 2002 | 15 December 2004 | Labour | |||
|
Ruth Kelly[25] | 15 December 2004 | 5 May 2006 | Labour | |||
|
Alan Johnson[26] | 5 May 2006 | 28 June 2007 | Labour | |||
Secretaries of State for Children, Schools and Families (2007–2010); and Innovation, Universities and Skills (2007–2009)
In 2007, the education portfolio was divided between the Department for Children, Schools and Families (responsible for infant, primary and secondary education) and the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (responsible for further, higher and adult education). In 2009, the latter department was merged into the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.
Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families
Colour key (for political parties):
Labour
Labour Co-op
| Name | Portrait | Term of office | Length of term | Political party | Prime Minister | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ed Balls[27] | 
|
28 June 2007 | 11 May 2010 | 2 years, 10 months and 13 days | Labour Co-op | Gordon Brown | ||
Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills
Colour key (for political parties):
Labour
| Name | Portrait | Term of office | Length of term | Political party | Prime Minister | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Denham[28] | 
|
28 June 2007 | 5 June 2009 | 1 year, 11 months and 8 days | Labour | Gordon Brown | ||
Secretary of State for Education (2010–present)
The Department for Education and the post of Secretary of State for Education were recreated in 2010.
Responsibility for higher and adult education remained with the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills (Vince Cable 2010–2015, Sajid Javid 2015–2016), until reunited with the Department for Education in 2016.
Colour key (for political parties):
Conservative
| Secretary of State | Term of office | Party | Prime Minister | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Michael Gove[29] (tenure) |
12 May 2010 | 15 July 2014 | Conservative | David Cameron (Coalition) | ||
|
Nicky Morgan[30] | 15 July 2014 | 13 July 2016 | Conservative | |||
| David Cameron (II) | |||||||
|
Justine Greening[31] | 14 July 2016 | 8 January 2018 | Conservative | Theresa May (I) | ||
| Theresa May (II) | |||||||
|
Damian Hinds[32] | 8 January 2018 | 24 July 2019 | Conservative | |||
|
Gavin Williamson[33] | 24 July 2019 | 15 September 2021 | Conservative | Boris Johnson (I) | ||
| Boris Johnson (II) | |||||||
|
Nadhim Zahawi[34] | 15 September 2021 | 5 July 2022 | Conservative | |||
|
Michelle Donelan | 5 July 2022 | 7 July 2022 | Conservative | |||
|
James Cleverly[35] | 7 July 2022 | 6 September 2022 | Conservative | |||
|
Kit Malthouse[36] | 6 September 2022 | 25 October 2022 | Conservative | Liz Truss (Truss ministry) | ||
|
Gillian Keegan | 25 October 2022 | 5 July 2024 | Conservative | Rishi Sunak (Sunak ministry) | ||
|
Bridget Phillipson | 5 July 2024 | Incumbent | Labour | Keir Starmer (I) | ||
* Incumbent's length of term last updated: 5 May 2025.
Timeline of education secretaries
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till:06/04/1968 color:lab text:"Patrick Gordon Walker" bar:Short from:06/04/1968 till:19/06/1970 color:lab text:"Edward Short" bar:Thatcher from:20/06/1970 till:04/03/1974 color:con text:"Margaret Thatcher" bar:Prentice from:05/03/1974 till:09/06/1975 color:lab text:"Reginald Prentice" bar:mulley from:10/06/1975 till:09/09/1976 color:lab text:"Fred Mulley" bar:Williams from:10/09/1976 till:04/05/1979 color:lab text:"Shirley Williams" bar:Carlisle from:05/05/1979 till:14/09/1981 color:con text:"Mark Carlisle" bar:Joseph from:17/09/1981 till:20/05/1986 color:con text:"Keith Joseph" bar:Baker from:21/05/1986 till:23/07/1989 color:con text:"Kenneth Baker" bar:MacGregor from:24/07/1989 till:01/11/1990 color:con text:"John MacGregor" bar:KClarke from:02/11/1990 till:09/04/1992 color:con text:"Kenneth Clarke" bar:Patten from:10/04/1992 till:20/07/1994 color:con text:"John Patten" bar:Shephard from:20/07/1994 till:01/05/1997 color:con text:"Gillian Shephard" bar:Blunkett from:01/05/1997 till:08/06/2001 color:lab text:"David Blunkett" bar:Morris from:08/06/2001 till:24/10/2002 color:lab text:"Estelle Morris" bar:CClarke from:24/10/2002 till:15/12/2004 color:lab text:"Charles Clarke" bar:Kelly from:15/12/2004 till:05/05/2006 color:lab text:"Ruth Kelly" bar:Johnson from:05/05/2006 till:28/06/2007 color:lab text:"Alan Johnson" bar:Balls from:28/06/2007 till:11/05/2010 color:lab text:"Ed Balls" bar:Denham from:28/06/2007 till:05/06/2009 color:lab text:"John Denham" bar:Gove from:12/05/2010 till:15/07/2014 color:con text:"Michael Gove" bar:Morgan from:15/07/2014 till:13/07/2016 color:con text:"Nicky Morgan" bar:Greening from:14/07/2016 till:08/01/2018 color:con text:"Justine Greening" bar:Hinds from:08/01/2018 till:24/07/2019 color:con text:"Damian Hinds" bar:Williamson from:24/07/2019 till:15/09/2021 color:con text:"Gavin Williamson" bar:Zahawi from:15/09/2021 till:05/07/2022 color:con text:"Nadhim Zahawi" bar:Donelan from:05/07/2022 till:07/07/2022 color:con text:"Michelle Donelan" bar:Cleverly from:07/07/2022 till:06/09/2022 color:con text:"James Cleverly" bar:Malthouse from:06/09/2022 till:25/10/2022 color:con text:"Kit Malthouse" bar:Keegan from:25/10/2022 till:05/07/2024 color:con text:"Gillian Keegan" bar:Phillipson from:05/07/2024 till:$now color:lab text:"Bridget Phillipson"
</timeline>
References
- ^ "Salaries of Members of His Majesty's Government – Financial Year 2022–23" (PDF). 15 December 2022.
- ^ "Pay and expenses for MPs". parliament.uk. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
- ^ "Secretary of State for Education". gov.uk. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
- ^ "Work of the Education Secretary Committee". BBC PARLIAMENT. 30 April 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2022.
Recorded coverage of the Education select committee on the work of the Secretary of State with Education Secretary Michael Gove
- ^ "Secretary of State for Education – GOV.UK". gov.uk.
- ^ "Records created or inherited by the Department of Education and Science, and of related bodies". The National Archives. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
- ^ 7.0 7.1 Wilby, Peter (2020). "Is Gavin Williamson the worst education secretary ever?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 February 2021.
Margaret Thatcher, the only education secretary so far who went on to become prime minister
- ^ "Reshuffle: Greening quits government". BBC News. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
- ^ Gutteridge, Nick (7 July 2022). "Minister who quit after 35 hours is in line for £17,000 payout". The Telegraph. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
- ^ "No. 27172". The London Gazette. 9 March 1900. p. 1609.
- ^ "Page 3721 | Issue 36651, 11 August 1944 | London Gazette | The Gazette". www.thegazette.co.uk. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
- ^ "Baroness Thatcher". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
- ^ "Lord Prentice". UK Parliament. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ "Lord Mulley". UK Parliament. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ "Baroness Williams of Crosby". UK Parliament. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ "Lord Joseph". UK Parliament. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ "Lord Baker of Dorking". UK Parliament. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ "Lord MacGregor of Pulham Market". UK Parliament. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
- ^ "Lord Clarke of Nottingham". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
- ^ "Lord Patten". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- ^ 21.0 21.1 "Baroness Shephard of Northwold". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- ^ "Lord Blunkett". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- ^ "Baroness Morris of Yardley". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- ^ "Rt Hon Charles Clarke". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- ^ "Ruth Kelly". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- ^ "Rt Hon Alan Johnson". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
- ^ "Rt Hon Ed Balls". UK Parliament. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
- ^ "Rt Hon John Denham". UK Parliament. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
- ^ "Rt Hon Michael Gove MP". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
- ^ "Baroness Morgan of Cotes". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
- ^ "Rt Hon Justine Greening". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
- ^ "Rt Hon Damian Hinds MP". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
- ^ "Rt Hon Gavin Williamson MP". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
- ^ "Nadhim Zahawi MP". UK Parliament. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
- ^ @10DowningStreet (7 July 2022). "The Rt Hon James Cleverly MP @JamesCleverly has been appointed Secretary of State for Education @educationgovuk" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
- ^ @10DowningStreet (6 September 2022). "The Rt Hon Kit Malthouse MP @KitMalthouse as Secretary of State for Education @EducationGovUK #Reshuffle" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
External links
| Presidents of the Board of Education | | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ministers of Education | |||||||||||||||
| Secretaries of State |
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