Stade
Stade (German pronunciation: [ˈʃtaːdə]), officially the Hanseatic City of Stade (‹See Tfd›German: Hansestadt Stade, Low German: Hansestadt Stood) is a city in Lower Saxony in northern Germany. First mentioned in records in 934, it is the seat of the district (Landkreis) which bears its name. It is located roughly 45 km (28 mi) to the west of Hamburg and belongs to that city's wider metropolitan region. Within the area of the city are the urban districts of Bützfleth, Hagen, Haddorf and Wiepenkathen, each of which have a council (Ortsrat) of their own with some autonomous decision-making rights.
Stade
Hansestadt Stade Hansestadt Stood | |
|---|---|
 View of the historic harbour in Stade | |
 Coat of arms | |
Location of Stade within Stade district <imagemap>File: Stade in STD.png | 240x240px poly 1 16 12 37 55 55 58 49 67 40 59 38 58 4 36 6 Balje poly 66 42 82 43 93 11 58 4 57 37 65 39 Krummendeich poly 84 34 110 44 122 35 111 17 95 6 Freiburg poly 54 51 54 45 89 37 111 42 95 69 85 70 71 64 Oederquart poly 94 71 104 51 115 38 121 39 128 50 115 60 115 71 119 78 112 88 107 90 Wischhafen poly 79 114 120 81 118 68 121 58 127 52 150 94 157 101 156 100 161 100 169 107 172 110 176 123 180 128 170 125 161 125 145 142 129 126 121 118 115 116 110 109 106 114 102 114 94 118 87 118 Drochtersen poly 78 111 71 124 87 131 92 124 97 125 101 119 112 120 118 126 128 133 132 135 133 128 117 119 112 115 102 116 91 118 85 118 80 114 Großenwörden poly 98 137 96 126 106 118 112 123 120 129 125 133 130 141 126 146 122 151 119 153 114 151 108 141 101 139 Engelschoff poly 118 154 120 161 116 170 117 173 126 177 139 178 141 172 147 166 157 164 157 160 149 156 143 147 141 143 132 137 130 142 128 147 118 152 Hammah poly 110 181 119 175 125 173 132 179 141 180 138 187 134 189 126 188 Düdenbüttel poly 97 173 100 179 106 182 110 180 111 177 116 171 121 165 122 157 119 153 112 151 108 149 108 146 108 142 101 137 95 140 98 145 102 150 105 155 108 158 109 164 105 170 Himmelpforten poly 73 163 75 168 75 172 80 173 90 173 106 171 107 169 111 162 109 157 104 154 100 148 100 147 94 147 89 150 80 160 Burweg poly 51 172 57 178 61 182 67 186 70 186 75 182 78 183 80 181 81 175 81 174 75 171 74 171 74 167 75 164 73 161 70 159 65 162 61 164 51 168 Kranenburg poly 51 179 59 182 65 185 68 185 72 183 74 181 76 181 79 185 80 190 78 193 82 196 88 199 89 200 90 206 90 209 90 211 81 214 77 214 72 215 67 216 65 217 61 217 57 215 51 204 52 198 56 192 56 190 Estorf poly 81 196 88 200 93 205 104 206 107 201 105 193 112 191 113 183 107 181 103 179 103 173 95 171 88 169 84 171 84 174 78 188 Oldendorf poly 97 208 93 214 95 215 97 217 99 219 103 223 103 223 112 221 115 213 117 213 118 211 119 208 121 202 123 200 125 196 134 194 134 192 132 189 126 185 121 183 111 183 111 181 111 194 107 196 107 196 108 195 104 195 107 202 101 205 Heinbockel poly 134 190 138 192 143 196 148 197 154 198 156 198 160 208 161 210 169 211 171 212 183 212 184 207 185 198 186 192 188 190 194 191 197 192 201 188 199 186 188 178 183 172 181 169 183 164 190 161 195 162 203 163 195 155 191 148 187 138 181 131 179 128 177 128 169 128 165 128 164 128 163 129 155 132 155 136 149 141 143 144 145 148 148 151 150 153 150 153 152 154 153 154 156 158 158 162 158 165 150 168 147 171 145 171 145 171 139 183 Stade poly 156 204 146 206 152 211 156 220 157 227 158 239 159 243 165 242 176 236 183 230 193 228 193 223 183 214 179 210 Deinste poly 133 243 144 246 149 247 153 246 157 242 159 238 159 228 155 216 151 209 146 207 147 204 151 204 155 202 155 202 155 197 153 196 150 196 144 197 138 195 137 193 127 189 136 194 131 196 121 201 121 205 121 213 121 214 124 214 131 215 131 217 127 226 128 233 129 236 132 240 140 250 Fredenbeck poly 83 257 80 241 100 225 115 216 126 215 130 221 125 233 132 242 140 245 149 248 149 257 143 263 131 268 119 269 120 258 116 264 110 266 108 259 104 256 100 259 95 261 Kutenholz poly 235 187 236 198 237 206 242 211 244 213 236 224 234 235 240 238 246 240 252 241 254 237 264 236 269 240 277 244 279 239 282 231 285 223 287 217 286 210 288 204 291 197 Jork poly 224 266 222 260 224 255 230 248 231 245 231 236 233 235 241 237 245 239 251 241 255 235 276 249 280 253 282 263 285 267 287 270 288 277 282 277 280 275 272 278 270 280 268 283 256 291 252 292 251 278 240 272 236 264 Buxtehude poly 217 255 217 270 202 276 210 287 218 286 227 287 238 283 242 275 235 264 222 266 Apensen poly 212 308 208 300 206 294 214 285 225 283 231 288 236 288 238 285 242 277 249 281 254 287 254 292 248 295 241 293 236 300 236 305 230 307 225 302 Beckdorf poly 189 313 187 303 191 298 200 290 203 285 208 289 209 292 207 297 206 303 208 305 212 310 218 309 226 303 230 306 228 312 222 318 213 324 213 332 211 335 207 339 205 339 209 325 209 323 206 319 201 319 193 319 Sauensiek poly 162 337 140 319 137 317 131 310 132 307 136 301 141 295 148 293 152 288 150 280 147 278 146 276 149 272 158 272 161 277 165 283 168 289 174 295 178 295 181 298 183 305 186 296 189 302 175 316 177 321 172 330 Ahlerstedt poly 121 293 130 295 137 296 148 296 149 294 150 283 150 281 145 278 143 274 145 271 147 269 148 268 151 262 147 260 144 261 131 266 130 267 126 269 125 273 126 283 Brest poly 150 268 156 272 161 274 165 265 169 261 175 259 182 260 184 254 180 250 181 242 176 239 172 242 166 244 158 246 153 247 146 251 152 255 148 261 Bargstedt poly 181 301 182 294 170 289 159 289 162 284 157 275 160 268 167 260 177 262 183 258 185 251 185 249 181 245 182 239 179 237 184 231 191 234 196 242 197 246 194 249 194 254 197 258 199 261 201 263 208 265 212 265 215 265 218 270 211 273 202 274 202 284 196 286 194 293 Harsefeld poly 223 256 212 254 215 244 216 237 226 239 228 231 232 232 228 238 231 244 220 260 Nottensdorf poly 217 258 207 265 203 267 201 265 201 260 195 257 191 252 196 244 200 242 206 238 211 234 215 234 215 247 Bliedersdorf poly 198 248 200 242 204 239 209 235 215 234 218 236 225 237 226 231 217 230 214 223 212 219 208 220 194 222 194 226 190 230 Horneburg poly 191 228 214 219 212 211 205 207 202 204 194 205 183 206 186 217 191 221 Dollern poly 184 208 199 204 201 205 207 211 213 211 209 197 209 195 201 189 198 194 187 193 Agathenburg poly 241 5 241 33 269 32 272 5 Stade (district) poly 160 0 319 0 321 143 224 142 167 82 Lower Saxony poly 50 167 37 192 37 203 23 205 13 195 0 204 0 26 33 48 56 63 67 72 71 76 90 76 99 92 64 115 76 133 86 135 76 151 46 163 Cuxhaven (district) poly 206 338 0 339 2 207 11 202 23 210 37 208 42 192 49 183 50 196 48 206 56 221 76 219 92 219 76 234 72 251 80 263 99 269 108 267 116 273 117 283 115 294 125 300 120 312 132 320 144 329 158 335 Rotenburg (district) poly 171 335 182 317 204 322 201 334 213 335 220 325 229 317 237 307 255 296 274 290 285 280 289 275 319 274 319 339 215 336 199 338 Harburg (district) poly 318 272 290 274 281 245 293 200 296 200 268 193 274 175 308 167 325 162 Hamburg poly 110 2 154 70 160 80 159 3 Schleswig-Holstein poly 184 103 196 142 212 167 227 176 241 185 261 190 266 191 273 175 322 163 321 146 226 148 164 89 Schleswig-Holstein poly 224 185 227 194 236 198 237 188 227 184 Grünendeich poly 224 196 224 205 226 213 239 216 241 210 236 207 237 200 Mittelnkirchen poly 227 211 225 222 217 223 219 228 223 231 231 232 240 218 Neuenkirchen poly 209 201 223 203 225 211 225 221 221 224 216 224 Guderhandviertel poly 212 201 224 201 224 195 224 191 224 181 225 179 219 176 209 183 212 190 Steinkirchen poly 184 164 183 175 187 182 193 185 198 189 206 193 210 195 213 187 210 180 217 176 215 172 207 170 198 164 Hollern-Twielenfleth desc bottom-right </imagemap> | |
  Stade  Stade | |
| Coordinates: 53°36′3″N 9°28′35″E / 53.60083°N 9.47639°E | |
| Country | Germany |
| State | Lower Saxony |
| District | Stade |
| Government | |
| • Mayor (2019–24) | Sönke Hartlef[1] (CDU) |
| Area | |
| • Total | 110.03 km2 (42.48 sq mi) |
| Elevation | 9 m (30 ft) |
| Population (2022-12-31)[2] | |
| • Total | 48,353 |
| • Density | 440/km2 (1,100/sq mi) |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 (CET) |
| • Summer (DST) | UTC+02:00 (CEST) |
| Postal codes | 21680, 21682–21684 |
| Dialling codes | 04141, 04146 |
| Vehicle registration | STD |
| Website | www.stade.de |
Stade is located in the lower regions of the river Elbe. It is also on the German Timber-Frame Road.
History
The first human settlers came to the Stade area in 30,000 BC.
Swedish and Danish Vikings under Eric the Victorious conquered Stade and looted the town during the 990s. Many prominent Saxons were taken back as slaves by Swedish troops. A majority of Vikings withdrew after taking plenty of plunder. A minor part of the Swedish and Danish forces stayed but were later defeated by reinforcements sent by the emperor. [3]
Since 1180 Stade belonged to the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen. In early 1208 King Valdemar II of Denmark and his troops conquered Stade. In August Valdemar II's cousin being in enmity with the king, the then Prince-Archbishop Valdemar reconquered the city only to lose it soon after again to Valdemar II.[4] In 1209 Emperor Otto IV persuaded his ally Valdemar II to withdraw into the north of the Elbe, and the deposed Prince-Archbishop Valdemar took Stade.
On 2 May 1209 Otto IV granted important town privileges (Stadtrecht) to Stade. Otto IV confirmed the burghers to be personally free and recognised them constituting a political entity of their own law, the burgenses and optimi cives of Stade.[5] Property within the municipal boundaries could not be subjected to feudal overlordship and was to be freely inherited without feudal claims to reversion. Fair juridical procedures were constituted and maximal fines fixed. Otto IV obliged himself to prevent burghers from being taken as hostages and to liberate captured burghers.
After Otto IV had changed his mind and reinvested Prince-Archbishop Valdemar with the See in 1211, Valdemar II recaptured Stade. In 1213 Otto's elder brother Count Palatine Henry V of the Rhine, reconquered Stade for the Prince-Archbishop. In 1215 Henry repelled another Danish attack on Stade. In the winter of 1216 Valdemar II and his Danish troops, unable to take the city of Stade, ravaged the County of Stade. From then on Stade remained a part of the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen.
In medieval times (from the 13th century to the late 17th century), Stade was a prominent member of the Hanseatic League, but was later eclipsed by Hamburg. In 1611 the city signed a contract with Sephardic Jews, allowing the foundation of a community. In 1613, Johann Friedrich, Administrator of the Prince-Archbishopric, followed by settling Ashkenazic Jews in the city, but during the turmoil of Catholic conquest and Lutheran reconquest the last archival traces of Jews date from 1630. In 1648, by the Treaty of Westphalia, the Prince-Archbishopric of Bremen underwent a constitutional transformation from a prince-bishopric into a monarchy, the Duchy of Bremen. The duchy and the neighboured Principality of Verden, colloquially referred to as Bremen-Verden, were granted by the Treaty of Westphalia as an appanage to the Swedish crown. Stade, already under Swedish occupation since 1645, was a part of the Swedish province of Bremen-Verden-Wildeshausen from 1645 to 1712, and some of the buildings built by the Swedes are still in use today.
Swedish fortress
Stade's heyday lasted until the Thirty Years' War. In 1628 Tilly conquered the town; shortly thereafter, Sweden took possession of it until 1636. After a period of Danish occupation, Sweden finally recaptured it in 1643 and was also officially granted possession of it, together with the Archbishopric of Bremen, in the Peace of Westphalia. Two-thirds of the town were razed in the great town fire on 26 May 1659. The town was rebuilt again to the same plan.
From 1675 to 1676, in the Swedish-Brandenburg War, Swedish Stade was conquered during a campaign by Denmark-Norway and several states of the Holy Roman Empire and remained in allied hands until the end of that war in 1679. Stade, as the headquarters of the Swedish Stadhalter, was besieged from early April 1676 to 13 Aug 1676. In the wake of the Treaty of Saint Germain in 1679, Stade was once again awarded to Sweden.
The Elbe customs station near Stade, in Brunshausen at the mouth of the Schwinge, played special role in trading on the River Elbe from the period of the archbishopric. In 1663, the Swedes stationed an Elbe customs frigate as a permanent patrol ship. This arrangement continued to exist under various rulers until 1850 and the customs station on the Schwinge fieldworks itself existed until 1865.[6]
Swedish sovereignty ended in 1712. Danish troops besieged the town in the Great Northern War and shelled it from 29 August to 7 September 1712 that destroyed 152 houses, a quarter of the built-up area.
During the Swedish times Stade was the capital of the province.
Danish rule
In 1712 Denmark-Norway conquered Stade and the whole of Bremen-Verden. Stade remained Bremen-Verden's capital also after the Danes ceded it to the Electorate of Hanover in 1715. When in 1823 Bremen-Verden was replaced by new administrative forms, Stade continued to be the capital of the Stade region.
In 1355 and in 1712, Stade suffered from the plague epidemic, which killed at least 30–40% of the city's population.
Early modern and modern period
In 1757 following the French Invasion of Hanover, the Army of Observation under Prince William, Duke of Cumberland, and the Privy Council of Hanover (government) took shelter in Stade. Cumberland prepared to defend the town before agreeing the Convention of Klosterzeven which brought about a temporary armistice.
By the end of the 17th century Ashkenazi Jews reappeared in Stade. In 1842 the Kingdom of Hanover granted equal rights to Jews and promoted to build up Jewish congregations and a regional superstructure (rabbinate) within a nationwide scope. The Jews in Stade regarded this a progress and a burden alike, because prior they had not employed any rabbi and religion teacher due to the implied financial burden. In 1845 – according to the new law – a land-rabbinate, under Land-Rabbi[broken anchor] Joseph Heilbut, was established in the city, serving 16 Jewish congregations, which were founded over the years in the whole Stade Region, with altogether 1,250 Jews in 1864 (highest number ever reached). The local authorities now requested, that the Jewish congregations establish synagogues and Jewish education for the pupils.
In 1849 Stade's synagogue opened, but had to close due to financial restrictions in 1908. And a teacher for Jewish religion and Hebrew was employed (after 1890 Stade's community couldn't afford a teacher any more). From 1903 on the Jewish community of Stade was granted public subsidies to continue functioning. The Stade Region stayed a Jewish diaspora, and from 1860 on Stade's land-rabbinate was never staffed again, but served alternately by one of the other three Hanoverian land-rabbinates. Labour migration and emigration[7] to urban centres outside the Stade Region and Jewish demography rather lead to a reduction of the number of Jews in the Stade Region (786 in 1913, 716 in 1928).[8] However, most of the remaining Jews were deported during the Nazi reign. During World War II, Stade remained completely untouched by allied bombings.
In past decades, Stade has economically benefited significantly from the presence of chemical and aerospace industry at the Elbe river, most notably Dow Chemical and Airbus. Also by the Elbe at Stade is the decommissioned Stade Nuclear Power Plant, which was connected to the power grid from 1972 to 2003. By the time the plant was brought offline, it was Germany's second oldest reactor. Following Germany's 2002 decision to phase out nuclear power generation, Stade was the first German plant to be affected; it was closed down permanently on 14 November 2003. Close to the former nuclear plant there is an inactive oil-fired power station, the Schilling Power Station.
Sights
The Old Town of Stade is home to a variety of notable historic buildings; among the most notable are the St. Cosmae et Damiani Lutheran Church, the Wilhadi Lutheran Church, the city hall, the Schwedenspeicher and the Zeughaus.
Located near to Stade are the gigantic pylons of Elbe Crossing 1 and Elbe Crossing 2; the Elbe Crossing 2 pylons are the tallest in Europe and the sixth-tallest in the world.
Transport
In late 2007, line S3 of the S-Bahn Hamburg was extended to Stade. Trains depart Stade station every 20 minutes (at peak times), arriving at Hamburg central station in roughly one hour.
Local industry
Firms with notable locations in the area include:[citation needed]
- Dow Chemical, chemicals
- Airbus Deutschland GmbH, aerospace
- E.ON, power plant
- Air Liquide, industrial gases
- Air Products & Chemicals, industrial gases
- Aluminium Oxid Stade GmbH, aluminium oxide refinery
- Stähler Agrochemie, fertilizer and biocides
- PROKON Nord Energiesysteme GmbH, wind turbines and biofuel
- Lindemann (Bauunternehmen), construction
Twin towns – sister cities
Stade is twinned with:[9]
Giv'at Shmuel, Israel
Gołdap, Poland
Karlshamn, Sweden
Notable people
- Peter von Sivers (1674–1740), Russian naval officer
- August Karl von Goeben (1816–1880), Prussian general.[10]
- Max von Bahrfeldt (1856–1936), Prussian general of the infantry, stationed at Stade.
- Ernst Hans Ludwig Krause (1859–1942), physician, botanist and mycologist
- Jost Fitschen (1869–1947), botanist known for his work in the field of dendrology
- Ernst-Eberhard Hell (1887–1973), general in Wehrmacht during World War II
- Eberhard von Koerber (1938–2017), manager and on the Board of BMW
- Stefan Aust (born 1946), journalist, chief editor of Der Spiegel in 1994–2008
- Carsten Eggers (born 1957), sculptor and painter
- Angela Denoke (born 1961), opera singer
- Juliette Schoppmann (born 1980), singer
Aristocracy
- Henrik Horn (1618–1693), a Swedish nobleman (freiherr), admiral and member of the Privy Council of Sweden
- Maria Aurora von Königsmarck (1662–1728), countess, mistress of Augustus the Strong.[11]
- Amalia von Königsmarck (1663–1740), Swedish noble, dilettante painter, actor and poet
- Philip Christoph von Königsmarck (1665–1694), a Swedish count and soldier.
- Ulrich de Maizière (1912–2006), general, created the "Innere Führung" in the Bundeswehr
Sport
- Dirk Dammann (born 1967), footballer, played 260 games
- Andrasch Starke (born 1974), jockey, 9 x German flat racing Champion Jockey champion
- Tabea Kemme (born 1991), footballer who has played 154 and 47 games for Germany women
- Marnon Busch (born 1994), footballer, played over 260 games
Gallery
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Schnitger organ at St. Cosmae -
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Schwedenspeicher (Swedish warehouse) -
Zeughaus (Swedish armoury) -
Old Hanse harbor -
Stade airfield (EDHS) -
19th-century Grauerort fortress -
House at Insel museum -
See also
References
- ^ "Verzeichnis der direkt gewählten Bürgermeister/-innen und Landräte/Landrätinnen". Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen. April 2021.
- ^ "LSN-Online Regionaldatenbank, Tabelle A100001G: Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes, Stand 31. Dezember 2022" (in German). Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ Adam av Bremen (1984) pp. 87–8 (Book II, Chapters 31-32).
- ^ Adolf Hofmeister, "Der Kampf um das Erbe des Stader Grafen zwischen den Welfen und der Bremer Kirche (1144–1236)", In: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, (Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; No. 7), vol. II: Mittelalter (1995), pp. 105–157, here p. 123. ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2
- ^ Jürgen Bohmbach, "Der werdende Territorialstaat der Erzbischöfe von Bremen (1236–1511): III. Die Städte im Erzstift Bremen", In: Geschichte des Landes zwischen Elbe und Weser: 3 vols., Hans-Eckhard Dannenberg and Heinz-Joachim Schulze (eds.) on behalf of the Landschaftsverband der ehemaligen Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, Stade: Landschaftsverband der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden, 1995 and 2008, (Schriftenreihe des Landschaftsverbandes der ehem. Herzogtümer Bremen und Verden; No. 7), vol. II: Mittelalter (1995), pp. 241–262, here p. 249. ISBN 978-3-9801919-8-2
- ^ Richard Graewe: Die zweihundertjährige Geschichte der Elb-Zoll-Fregatte zu Brunshausen und ihrer Kommandanten 1650–1850. Selbstverlag des Stader Geschichts- und Heimatvereins, Stade 1963
- ^ About a third of the Jews emigrated in the 19th century to the USA. Cf. Jürgen Bohmbach, Sie lebten mit uns: Juden im Landkreis Stade vom 18. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert, Stade: city of Stade, 2001, (Veröffentlichungen aus dem Stadtarchiv Stade; vol. 21), p. 4.
- ^ Albert Marx, Geschichte der Juden in Niedersachsen, Hanover: Fackelträger-Verlag, 1995, p. 144 and Jürgen Bohmbach, Sie lebten mit uns: Juden im Landkreis Stade vom 18. bis zum 20. Jahrhundert, Stade: city of Stade, 2001, (Veröffentlichungen aus dem Stadtarchiv Stade; vol. 21), p. 4.
- ^ "Partnerstädte". stadt-stade.info (in Deutsch). Stade. Retrieved 31 March 2021.
- ^ . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 12 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 180.
- ^ . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 15 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 895.
External links
- Official website (in German)
- Official tourism organisation Ge/En/Swe
- . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 25 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 750.
- Culture and convention center in Stade (in German)
- Virtual visit at the Fischmarkt (Fish Market) (in German)