Timeline of Bamako

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Bamako, Mali.

Prior to 20th century

16th century - Bambara in power.^[1]
1880 - Mandinka Samory Touré in power (approximate date).^[1]
1883
- 1 February: Town occupied by French forces under command of Gustave Borgnis-Desbordes.^[2]
- Fort built by French.^[3]

20th century

Hippo statue, Boulevard de l'indépendance, erected 1990s (photo 2008)

1903 - Fort demolished.^[3]
1904 - Koulikoro-Bamako railway built.^[2]
1906 - Chamber of commerce established.^[4]^[5]
1907 - Palais de Koulouba [fr] (presidential residence) built.^[6]
1908 - 23 May: Capital of French colonial Upper Senegal and Niger relocated to Bamako from Kayes.^[7]
1919 - Bamako becomes a "commune-mixte" (form of administration).^(fr)
1920
- Bamako becomes capital of colonial French Sudan.^[8]
- Population: 16,000 (estimate).^[8]
1921 - Catholic Apostolic Vicariate of Bamako active.^[9]
1923 - Dakar-Bamako railroad begins operating.
1924 - Monument aux héros de l'Armee Noire [fr] dedicated.^[10]
1927 - Sacred Heart Cathedral built.
1929 - "Submersible causeway to Sotuba" built across the Niger River.^[3]
1933 - Ecole Artisanale du Soudan (art school) established (later Institut National des Arts de Bamako).
1934 - Institut de la Lèpre (medical entity) begins operating.^[2]
1936 - Population: 21,000 (estimate).^[11]
1945 - Population: 36,000 (estimate).^[11]
1946 - Rassemblement Démocratique Africain political party headquartered in city.^[7]
1947 - Dakar–Niger Railway labor strike.^[3]
1948 - Photographer Seydou Keïta in business.^[12]^[13]
1949 - L'Essor newspaper begins publication.^[5]
1953 - Sudanese Museum opens.
1956 - Modibo Keïta elected mayor.^[14]
1958
- Vincent Auriol Bridge built.^[3]
- Photographer Malick Sidibé in business.
- Population: 76,000.^[11]
1960
- City becomes capital of the Republic of Mali.^[3]
- Djoliba AC (football club) formed.
- Stade Modibo Kéïta (stadium) opens.
- Population: 130,00 urban agglomeration.^[15]
1963 - École Normale Supérieure of Bamako opens.
1965
- Centre français de documentation de Bamako [fr] founded.
- Population: 168,000.^[11]
1970s - Grand Mosque of Bamako built.
1972 - Population: 225,000 (estimate).^[11]
1974 - Twin city relationship established with Angers, France.
1975 - Sister city relationship established with Rochester, New York, United States.
1976 -
- Population 419,239
1977 - 18 May: Funeral of Modibo Keita.^[2]
1978
- District of Bamako created, consisting of six communes: Commune I, II, III, IV [fr], V, and VI [fr], each with its own mayor.^(fr)
- Groupe Bogolan Kasobané (artisan group) formed.^[16]
1980 - March: Saharan states summit held in city.^[2]
1982 - National Museum of Mali active.^[16]
1983 - Office de Radiodiffusion-Télévision du Mali headquartered in city.
1984 - October: Meeting of Economic Community of West African States held in city.^[2]
1987
- "Islamic centre" built.^[7]
- African health ministers meet in city, adopt "Bamako Initiative" for healthcare.
- Population: 658,275 in city.^[17]
1989 - Les Échos newspaper begins publication.^[5]
1990s - Hippopotamus statue [fr] erected.[1]
1991
- 22 March: Anti-government protest; crackdown.^[18]
- 26 March: 1991 Malian coup d'état occurs.^[18]
1992
- 19 January: Malian municipal election, 1992 [fr] held.
- King Fahd Bridge opens.
1994
- Rencontres africaines de la photographie biennial exhibit begins.^[13]
- BCEAO Tower built.
1995 - Monument de l'Indépendance and Monument to the Martyrs dedicated.^[10]^(fr)
1996
- University of Bamako opens.
- Monument to Daniel Ouezzin Coulibaly dedicated.^[10]^[19]^(fr)
1998
- Cadre de promotion pour la formation en photographie de Bamako [fr] established.
- Ibrahima N'Diaye becomes district mayor.
- Population: 1,016,167 in city.^[20]
2000
- Fresques murales de Koulouba (monument) built.^[10]^(fr)
- Monument to Kwame Nkrumah dedicated.^[10]^(fr)
- Sister city relationship established with São Paulo, Brazil.

21st century

2001
- Kita-Bamako road constructed.^[21]
- Stade du 26 Mars (stadium) opens.
2002
- 2002 African Cup of Nations football contest held in Bamako.
- Monument to Patrice Lumumba dedicated.^[10]^(fr)
2003 - Moussa Badoulaye Traoré [fr] becomes district mayor.
2005
- Budapest-Bamako car race begins.
- Geekcorps office established.
2007 - Adama Sangaré [fr] becomes district mayor.
2009
- Institut national de la statistique (Mali) [fr] headquartered in city.
- Population: 1,810,366 urban agglomeration.^[22]
2011
- Université des lettres et des sciences humaines de Bamako [fr], Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako [fr], Université des sciences juridiques et politiques de Bamako [fr], Université des sciences sociales et de gestion de Bamako [fr] established.^[23]
- Institut français du Mali [fr] active.
2015 - 20 November: 2015 Bamako hotel attack occurs in Hippodrome.
2016 - 21 March: Attack on headquarters of the European Union military training mission in Bamako.^[24]
2022 -
- Population 4,227,569 in capital district^[25]

References

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Heath 2010.
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Pascal James Imperato; Gavin H. Imperato (2008). Historical Dictionary of Mali (4th ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6402-3. (Includes chronology)
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 Dulucq 2005.
^ "Chambres de commerce aux colonies et pays de protectorat: Afrique occidental Francaise: Haut-Senegal et Niger", 1er congres des Chambres de commerce francaises (in français), Bordeaux, 1907{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 "Mali: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. p. 694+. ISBN 1857431839.
^ Hanotaux, Gabriel (1931). Histoire des colonies françaises et de l'expansion de la France dans le monde, Volume 4. Plon. p. 328.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 "Mali". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. pp. 274–283. ISBN 0203409957.
^ ^8.0 ^8.1 "France: Africa: French West Africa and the Sahara". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. pp. 895–903 – via Internet Archive. Colony of French Sudan
^ "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Mali". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
^ ^10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 ^10.5 Arnoldi 2016.
^ ^11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 ^11.4 Josef Gugler; William G. Flanagan (1978). "Population of West African Capital Cities, 1920-76". Urbanization and Social Change in West Africa. Cambridge University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-521-29118-7.
^ Lynne Warren, ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Photography. Routledge. p. 855. ISBN 978-1-135-20536-2.
^ ^13.0 ^13.1 "Western and Central Sudan, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 14 July 2017.
^ École normale supérieure de Bamako 1993.
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.
^ ^16.0 ^16.1 Bernard Gardi, "Mali", Oxford Art Online. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.
^ ^18.0 ^18.1 Cybriwsky 2013.
^ "Dédicaces à Ouezzin Coulibaly et à Abdoul Karim Camara", L'Essor (in français), Bamako, 1 June 1996
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2005. United Nations Statistics Division.
^ Sweco; Nordic Consulting Group (2003), Review of the Implementation Status of the Trans African Highways and the Missing Links (PDF), Vol. 2: Description of Corridors, African Development Bank and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
^ "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.
^ "Assemblée nationale: feu vert pour la modification du code du travail et l'éclatement de l'université de Bamako" [National Assembly: green light for the modification of the labor code and the break-up of the University of Bamako], L'Essor (in français), 9 December 2011, archived from the original on 17 July 2012
^ "EU's military mission in Mali attacked by gunmen", Guardian, 21 March 2016
^ "Mali: Regions, Major Cities & Localities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2023-09-27.

This article incorporates information from the French Wikipedia.

Bibliography

in English

Mariken Vaa (2000). "Housing Policy After Political Transition: The Case of Bamako" (PDF). Environment and Urbanization. 12.
Paul Tiyambe Zeleza; Dickson Eyoh, eds. (2003). "Bamako, Mali". Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century African History. Routledge. ISBN 0415234794.
Sophie Dulucq (2005). "Bamako". In Kevin Shillington (ed.). Encyclopedia of African History. Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 978-1-57958-245-6.
"Bamako," New Encyclopedia of Africa 2nd Edition, editors John Middleton and Joseph Miller (Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2008)
Elizabeth Heath (2010). "Bamako, Mali". In Kwame Anthony Appiah; Henry Louis Gates (eds.). Encyclopedia of Africa. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195337709.
Roman A. Cybriwsky (2013). "Bamako". Capital Cities around the World: An Encyclopedia of Geography, History, and Culture. ABC-CLIO. pp. 30–31. ISBN 978-1-61069-248-9.
Mary Jo Arnoldi (2016). "Locating history in concrete and bronze: civic monuments in Bamako, Mali". In Cher Krause Knight; Harriet F. Senie (eds.). A Companion to Public Art. Wiley. ISBN 978-1-118-47534-8.
Courage Kamusoko (2017). "Bamako Metropolitan Area". In Yuji Murayama; et al. (eds.). Urban Development in Asia and Africa: Geospatial Analysis of Metropolises. Springer. pp. 275–292. ISBN 978-981-10-3241-7.

in French

Marie-Louise Villien-Rossi (1963). "Bamako, capitale du Mali". Cahiers d'Outre-Mer (in français). 16 – via Persee.fr.
École normale supérieure de Bamako (1993). Bamako. Pays Enclaves (in français). Université de Bordeaux. ISBN 978-2-905081-22-3.
M. Bertrand (1995). "Bamako, d'une république à l'autre". Les Annales de la recherche urbaine (in français). 66 (66): 40–51. doi:10.3406/aru.1995.1855 – via Persee.fr.
Monique Bertrand (1998). "Marchés fonciers en transition: le cas de Bamako (Mali)". Annales de géographie (in français). 107 (602): 381–409. doi:10.3406/geo.1998.20863 – via Persee.fr.
Sébastien Philippe (2009). Une histoire de Bamako (in français). Grandvaux. ISBN 978-2-909550-64-0.
Kévin Croix; et al. (2013). "Quelle 'place' pour des pêcheurs urbains? Le cas de Bamako (Mali)" [Which 'place' for urban fishermen? The case of Bamako]. Cybergeo (in français) (648). doi:10.4000/cybergeo.25977 – via Revues.org.

External links

"(Bamako)". Directory of Open Access Journals. UK. (Bibliography of open access articles)
"(Bamako)" – via Europeana. (Images, etc.)
"(Bamako)" – via Digital Public Library of America. (Images, etc.)
"(Bamako)". Internet Library Sub-Saharan Africa. Germany: Frankfurt University Library. (Bibliography)
"(Bamako)". Connecting-Africa. Leiden, Netherlands: African Studies Centre. (Bibliography)
"(Bamako)". AfricaBib.org. (Bibliography)
"Bamako, Mali". BlackPast.org. United States. 10 February 2015.
"Mali: Bamako". ArchNet. Archived from the original on 21 May 2006.

[FOOTNOTEHeath2010-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Heath 2010.

[Imperato2008-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Pascal James Imperato; Gavin H. Imperato (2008). Historical Dictionary of Mali (4th ed.). Scarecrow Press. ISBN 978-0-8108-6402-3. (Includes chronology)

[FOOTNOTEDulucq2005-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 Dulucq 2005.

[4] "Chambres de commerce aux colonies et pays de protectorat: Afrique occidental Francaise: Haut-Senegal et Niger", 1er congres des Chambres de commerce francaises (in français), Bordeaux, 1907{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[Europa2004-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 "Mali: Directory". Africa South of the Sahara 2004. Regional Surveys of the World. Europa Publications. 2004. p. 694+. ISBN 1857431839.

[6] Hanotaux, Gabriel (1931). Histoire des colonies françaises et de l'expansion de la France dans le monde, Volume 4. Plon. p. 328.

[Europa2001-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 "Mali". Political Chronology of Africa. Political Chronologies of the World. Europa Publications. 2001. pp. 274–283. ISBN 0203409957.

[Statesman1921-8] 8.0 ^8.1 "France: Africa: French West Africa and the Sahara". Statesman's Year-Book. London: Macmillan and Co. 1921. pp. 895–903 – via Internet Archive. Colony of French Sudan

[katolsk-9] "Chronology of Catholic Dioceses: Mali". Norway: Roman Catholic Diocese of Oslo. Retrieved 7 July 2017.

[FOOTNOTEArnoldi2016-10] 10.0 ^10.1 ^10.2 ^10.3 ^10.4 ^10.5 Arnoldi 2016.

[Gugler1978-11] 11.0 ^11.1 ^11.2 ^11.3 ^11.4 Josef Gugler; William G. Flanagan (1978). "Population of West African Capital Cities, 1920-76". Urbanization and Social Change in West Africa. Cambridge University Press. p. 41. ISBN 978-0-521-29118-7.

[12] Lynne Warren, ed. (2006). Encyclopedia of Twentieth-Century Photography. Routledge. p. 855. ISBN 978-1-135-20536-2.

[MMA-afu11-13] 13.0 ^13.1 "Western and Central Sudan, 1900 A.D.–present: Key Events". Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved 14 July 2017.

[FOOTNOTEÉcole_normale_supérieure_de_Bamako1993-14] École normale supérieure de Bamako 1993.

[15] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1965. New York: Statistical Office of the United Nations. 1966. pp. 140–161.

[OxfordArt-16] 16.0 ^16.1 Bernard Gardi, "Mali", Oxford Art Online. Retrieved 7 July 2017.

[17] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". 1995 Demographic Yearbook. New York: United Nations Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, Statistics Division. 1997. pp. 262–321.

[FOOTNOTECybriwsky2013-18] 18.0 ^18.1 Cybriwsky 2013.

[19] "Dédicaces à Ouezzin Coulibaly et à Abdoul Karim Camara", L'Essor (in français), Bamako, 1 June 1996

[20] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2005. United Nations Statistics Division.

[AFDB2003-21] Sweco; Nordic Consulting Group (2003), Review of the Implementation Status of the Trans African Highways and the Missing Links (PDF), Vol. 2: Description of Corridors, African Development Bank and United Nations Economic Commission for Africa

[22] "Population of capital cities and cities of 100,000 or more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 2015. United Nations Statistics Division. 2016.

[23] "Assemblée nationale: feu vert pour la modification du code du travail et l'éclatement de l'université de Bamako" [National Assembly: green light for the modification of the labor code and the break-up of the University of Bamako], L'Essor (in français), 9 December 2011, archived from the original on 17 July 2012

[24] "EU's military mission in Mali attacked by gunmen", Guardian, 21 March 2016

[25] "Mali: Regions, Major Cities & Localities - Population Statistics, Maps, Charts, Weather and Web Information". www.citypopulation.de. Retrieved 2023-09-27.

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