Timeline of Nanjing

The following is a timeline of the history of the city of Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China.

Prior to 3rd century

7000 BCE - Beiyinyang Neolithic people active.^[1]
472 BCE - Castle built near Yuhuatai by Yue (state).^[2]

3rd-12th centuries

229 CE - City becomes capital of Wu Kingdom.^[1]
258 CE - Imperial University founded.
313 - City renamed "Jiankang."^[2]
317 - Capital of Eastern Jin Dynasty relocated to Jiankang.^[3]
420 - City becomes capital of the Liu Song Dynasty.^[2]
479 - City becomes capital of the Southern Qi Dynasty.^[2]
502 - City becomes capital of the Liang dynasty.^[2]
557 - City becomes capital of the Chen Dynasty.^[2]
937 - Nan Tang in power.^[2]
1168 - Jiangnan Examination Hall built.^{[citation needed]}

14th century

Map of Nanjing (Jinling, Yingtian Fu) in Ming Dynasty

1367 - Construction of Ming Palace begun, completed in 1368.
1368 - City becomes capital of Ming Dynasty, renamed Yingtian.
1373 - Hongwu Emperor substantially expands Ming Palace compound, completed in 1375.
1381 - Imperial University campus relocated to Xuanwu Lake.^[4]
1382 - Drum Tower built.^[2]
1386 - City Wall of Nanjing and Jubao Gate constructed.

15th-18th centuries

Nanjing, c. 1668

1408 - Yongle Encyclopedia written.
1421 - Capital of Ming Dynasty relocated from Nanjing to Beijing.^[2]
1430 - Porcelain Tower of Nanjing built.^[5]^[6]
1441 - 1441 Yangtze flood.
1645 - Qing conquest of Nanjing; Nanzhili reorganized as Jiangnan, later divided into Jiangsu and Anhui
1657 - City besieged by forces of Koxinga.^[7]
1723 - Viceroy of Liangjiang residence relocated to Nanjing.^[7]

19th century

1842
- British in power.^[6]
- 29 August: City hosts signing of Treaty of Nanking.^[6]
1853 - Taiping conquest of Nanjing in the First Battle of Nanjing.
1856 - Second Battle of Nanjing.
1858 - City designated a treaty port under the Treaties of Tianjin.^[6]
1864 - Third Battle of Nanking.^[6]
1870 - Chaotian Palace and Presidential Palace built.
1890 - Naval college opens.^[6]
1899 - Foreign trade begins.^[7]^{[dubious – discuss]}

20th century

1902 - Sanjiang Normal College (later renamed Nanjing Normal University) founded.^[2]^[6]
1907 - Jiangnan Library opens.
1909 - Shanghai-Nanjing railroad opens.^[6]
1910
- Nanyang industrial exposition.^[7]
- Population: 140,000 (approximate).^[6]
1911
- 10 November: City besieged by Manchu forces.^[8]
- 2 December: Rebels take city.
1921 - Population: 380,000.^[9]
1927
- March: Nanking Incident.
- Nanjing Special (No.1) Popular Library founded.
1928
- Central Guoshu Institute established.
- Liu Chi-wen becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
1929 - Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum built.
1930 - Wei Tao-ming becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
1931 - City becomes capital of the Republic of China.
1935 - Nanjing–Tongling railway opens.
1936 - Jiangsu Art Gallery founded.^{[citation needed]}
1937
- Nanking Safety Zone set up.
- 9 December: Battle of Nanking begins.
- 12 December: USS Panay incident.
- 13 December: Japanese forces take city.
- Nanjing Massacre.
1940
- City becomes capital of the Reorganized National Government of China.
- Cai Pei becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
1941 - Zhou Xuechang becomes mayor.
1949 - 23 April: People's Liberation Army takes city.
1952 - Nanjing College of Aviation Industry^[2] and Wutaishan Sports Center founded.
1953 - Nanjing University of Science and Technology founded.^[2]
1957 - Population: 1,419,000.^[10]
1958 - Taiping Kingdom History Museum active.
1968
- Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge constructed.^[11]
- Nanjing Railway Station opens.
1988
- December: Nanjing anti-African protests.
- Nanjing High-tech Industrial Development Zone established.^[12]
1994 - Jiangsu Sainty Football Club formed.
1995 - City administration re-organized.^[2]
1996 - Jiangsu Dragons basketball team formed.
1997 - Lukou Airport opens.
2000 - Jiangning District becomes part of Nanjing municipality.^[12]

21st century

2001 - Second Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge constructed.
2002
- Jiangpu and Liuhe districts become part of Nanjing municipality.^[12]
- Luo Zhijun becomes mayor.^{[citation needed]}
2004 - Longtan Containers Port Area opens.
2005
- Third Nanjing Yangtze Bridge and Nanjing Olympic Sports Center opens.
- Nanjing Metro and Nanjing–Qidong Railway begins operating.^[2]
- 10th National Games of China held.
2008
- Hefei–Nanjing Passenger Railway begins operating.
- World Urban Forum held.
2009 - Zifeng Tower built.
2010
- 28 July: Chemical plant explosion.
- Nanjing Dashengguan Yangtze River Bridge built.
2013 - Air pollution in Nanjing reaches annual mean of 72 PM2.5 and 137 PM10, much higher than recommended.^[13]

References

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 Schellinger 1996.
^ ^2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 Kenneth Pletcher, ed. (2011). Geography of China: Sacred and Historic Places. Britannica Educational Publishing.
^ Chye Kiang Heng (1999), Cities of Aristocrats and Bureaucrats: the Development of Medieval Chinese Cityscapes, Singapore University Press, ISBN 9971692236
^ Chia 2005.
^ C.C. Clarke (1820), The Hundred Wonders of the World (8th ed.), London: Phillips & Co.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 ^6.6 ^6.7 ^6.8 Britannica 1910.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Madrolle 1912.
^ "Manchus' Day of Massacre" (PDF). New York Times. 11 November 1911.
^ Chu 1922.
^ United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279. Nanking{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
^ Meine Pieter Van Dijk (2006), Managing Cities in Developing Countries, Edward Elgar Publishing, ISBN 9781845428808
^ ^12.0 ^12.1 ^12.2 Ivan Cucco (2008), "The Professional Middle Class", in David S.G. Goodman (ed.), The New Rich in China, Routledge, ISBN 9780415455640
^ World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on 28 March 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

This article incorporates information from the Chinese Wikipedia.

Bibliography

Published in the 14th–19th centuries

Hongwu Jingcheng Tuzhi [Illustrated Gazetteer of the Capital in the Hongwu Era]. 1395.
Chu Chih-fan; Lu Shou-po (1624). Jinling Tuyong [Gazetteer of Nanjing]. [1][2]
Johannes Nieuhof (1668), "(Nanking)", Legatio batavica ad magnum Tartariæ chamum Sungteium, modernum Sinæ imperatorem (in Latina), Amstelodami: Jacob von Meurs, OCLC 2134985
Jedidiah Morse; Richard C. Morse (1823), "Nanking", A New Universal Gazetteer (4th ed.), New Haven: S. Converse
Douglas, Robert Kennaway (1885). "Nanking" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 18 (9th ed.). pp. 171–172.

Published in the 20th century

Louis Gaillard (1901), Nanking Port ouvert, Nankin d'alors et d'aujourd'hui (in français), Chang-Hai: Imprimerie de la Mission Catholique, OL 14264158M
Louis Gaillard (1903), Aperçu historique et géographique [Historical and geographical overview], Nankin d'alors et d'aujourd'hui (in français), Chang-Hai: Impr. de la Mission catholique, OCLC 6976461, OL 6962395M
"Nanking" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). 1910. p. 162.
Claudius Madrolle (1912), "Nanking", Northern China, Paris: Hachette & Company, OCLC 8741409
Coching Chu (1922), The climate of Nanking during the period 1905-1921, Nanking, OL 7245788M{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
Schellinger and Salkin, ed. (1996), "Nanjing", International Dictionary of Historic Places: Asia and Oceania, Routledge, ISBN 9781884964046

Published in the 21st century

Lucille Chia (2005). "Of Three Mountains Street: the Commercial Publishers of Ming Nanjing". Printing and Book Culture in Late Imperial China. University of California Press.

External links

Items related to Nanjing, various dates (via Digital Public Library of America).
Items related to Nanking, various dates (via Europeana).

32°03′00″N 118°46′00″E / 32.05°N 118.766667°E / 32.05; 118.766667

[FOOTNOTESchellinger1996-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Schellinger 1996.

[pletcher2011-2] 2.00 ^2.01 ^2.02 ^2.03 ^2.04 ^2.05 ^2.06 ^2.07 ^2.08 ^2.09 ^2.10 ^2.11 ^2.12 ^2.13 Kenneth Pletcher, ed. (2011). Geography of China: Sacred and Historic Places. Britannica Educational Publishing.

[3] Chye Kiang Heng (1999), Cities of Aristocrats and Bureaucrats: the Development of Medieval Chinese Cityscapes, Singapore University Press, ISBN 9971692236

[FOOTNOTEChia2005-4] Chia 2005.

[5] C.C. Clarke (1820), The Hundred Wonders of the World (8th ed.), London: Phillips & Co.

[FOOTNOTEBritannica1910-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 ^6.5 ^6.6 ^6.7 ^6.8 Britannica 1910.

[FOOTNOTEMadrolle1912-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Madrolle 1912.

[8] "Manchus' Day of Massacre" (PDF). New York Times. 11 November 1911.

[FOOTNOTEChu1922-9] Chu 1922.

[10] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Statistical Office (1976). "Population of capital city and cities of 100,000 and more inhabitants". Demographic Yearbook 1975. New York. pp. 253–279. Nanking{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

[VanDijk2006-11] Meine Pieter Van Dijk (2006), Managing Cities in Developing Countries, Edward Elgar Publishing, ISBN 9781845428808

[cucco2008-12] 12.0 ^12.1 ^12.2 Ivan Cucco (2008), "The Professional Middle Class", in David S.G. Goodman (ed.), The New Rich in China, Routledge, ISBN 9780415455640

[13] World Health Organization (2016), Global Urban Ambient Air Pollution Database, Geneva, archived from the original on 28 March 2014{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)

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