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YugabyteDB

Transactional distributed SQL database
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YugabyteDB is a high-performance transactional distributed SQL database for cloud-native applications, developed by Yugabyte.[1]

Original author(s)Kannan Muthukkaruppan, Karthik Ranganathan, Mikhail Bautin
Developer(s)Yugabyte, Inc.
Initial release2016; 9 years ago (2016)
Stable release
2.20 (Stable)
2.19 (Development) / January 25, 2024; 16 months ago (2024-01-25)
October 25, 2023; 19 months ago (2023-10-25)
Written inC++
Operating systemLinux RedHat 7.x and derivatives, MacOS
PlatformBare Metal, Virtual Machine, Docker, Kubernetes and various container management platforms
Available inEnglish
TypeRDBMS
LicenseApache 2.0
Yugabyte, Inc.
Company typePrivate
IndustrySoftware
Founded2016; 9 years ago (2016)
FounderKannan Muthukkaruppan, Karthik Ranganathan, Mikhail Bautin
HeadquartersSunnyvale, California, USA
Key people
Kannan Muthukkaruppan
(Co-Founder & President,
Product Development)
Karthik Ranganathan
(Co-Founder & CTO)
Mikhail Bautin
(Co-Founder &
Software Architect)
Bill Cook
(CEO)
ServicesCommercial database management systems
Websiteyugabyte.com

History

Yugabyte was founded by ex-Facebook engineers Kannan Muthukkaruppan, Karthik Ranganathan, and Mikhail Bautin. At Facebook, they were part of the team that built and operated Cassandra and HBase[2][3] for workloads such as Facebook Messenger and Facebook's Operational Data Store.[4]

The founders came together in February 2016 to build YugabyteDB.[5][6]

YugabyteDB was initially available in two editions: community and enterprise. In July 2019, Yugabyte open sourced previously commercial features and launched YugabyteDB as open-source under the Apache 2.0 license.

Funding

Six years after the company's inception, Yugabyte closed a $188 Million Series C funding round to become a Unicorn start-up with a valuation of $1.3Bn[7]

Funding Rounds
Series Date Announced Amount Investors
A 10 Feb 2016 $8M Lightspeed Venture Partners, Jeff Rothschild[8][9]
A 12 Jun 2018 $16M Lightspeed Venture Partners, Dell Technology Capital[10][11]
B 09 Jun 2020 $30M Wipro Ventures, Lightspeed Venture Partners. Dell Technology Capital. 8VC [12][13]
B 03 Mar 2021 $48M Wipro Ventures. Lightspeed Venture Partners. Greenspring Associates, Dell Technology Capital, 8VC[14][15]
C 28 Oct 2021 $188M Wells Fargo Strategic Capital, Sapphire Ventures, Meritech Capital Partners, Lightspeed Venture Partners, Dell Technology Capital, 8VC[16][17][18]

Architecture

YugabyteDB is a distributed SQL database that aims to be strongly transactionally consistent across failure zones (i.e. ACID compliance].[19][20] Jepsen testing, the de facto industry standard for verifying correctness, has never fully passed, mainly due to race conditions during schema changes.[21] In CAP Theorem terms YugabyteDB is a Consistent/Partition Tolerant (CP) database.[22][23][24]

YugabyteDB has two layers,[25] a storage engine known as DocDB and the Yugabyte Query Layer.[26]

 
YugabyteDB Architecture

DocDB

The storage engine consists of a customized RocksDB[26][27] combined with sharding and load balancing algorithms for the data. In addition, the Raft consensus algorithm controls the replication of data between the nodes.[26][27] There is also a Distributed transaction manager[26][27] and Multiversion concurrency control (MVCC)[26][27] to support distributed transactions.[27]

The engine also exploits a Hybrid Logical Clock[28][26] that combines coarsely-synchronized physical clocks with Lamport clocks to track causal relationships.[29]

The DocDB layer is not directly accessible by users.[26]

YugabyteDB Query Layer

Yugabyte has a pluggable query layer that abstracts the query layer from the storage layer below.[30] There are currently two APIs that can access the database:[27]

YSQL[31] is a PostgreSQL code-compatible API[32][33] based around v11.2. YSQL is accessed via standard PostgreSQL drivers using native protocols.[34] It exploits the native PostgreSQL code for the query layer[35] and replaces the storage engine with calls to the pluggable query layer. This re-use means that Yugabyte supports many features, including:

  • Triggers & Stored Procedures[33]
  • PostgreSQL extensions that operate in the query layer[33]
  • Native JSONB support[33]

YCQL[36] is a Cassandra-like API based around v3.10 and re-written in C++. YCQL is accessed via standard Cassandra drivers[37] using the native protocol port of 9042. In addition to the 'vanilla' Cassandra components, YCQL is augmented with the following features:

  • Transactional consistency - unlike Cassandra, Yugabyte YCQL is transactional.[38]
  • JSON data types supported natively[39]
  • Tables can have secondary indexes[40]

Currently, data written to either API is not accessible via the other API, however YSQL can access YCQL using the PostgreSQL foreign data wrapper feature.[41]

The security model for accessing the system is inherited from the API, so access controls for YSQL look like PostgreSQL,[42] and YCQL looks like Cassandra access controls.[43]

Cluster-to-cluster replication

In addition to its core functionality of distributing a single database, YugabyteDB has the ability to replicate between database instances.[44][45] The replication can be one-way or bi-directional and is asynchronous. One-way replication is used either to create a read-only copy for workload off-loading or in a read-write mode to create an active-passive standby. Bi-directional replication is generally used in read-write configurations and is used for active-active configurations, geo-distributed applications, etc.

Migration tooling

Yugabyte also provides YugabyteDB Voyager, tooling to facilitate the migration of Oracle and other similar databases to YugabyteDB.[46][47] This tool supports the migration of schemas, procedural code and data from the source platform to YugabyteDB.

See also

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References

  1. ^ "YugabyteDB System Properties". DB-Engines. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  2. ^ "Karthik Ranganathan". Dataversity. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  3. ^ Borthakur, Dhruba; Rash, Samuel; Schmidt, Rodrigo; Aiyer, Amitanand; Gray, Jonathan; Sarma, Joydeep Sen; Muthukkaruppan, Kannan; Spiegelberg, Nicolas; Kuang, Hairong; Ranganathan, Karthik; Molkov, Dmytro; Menon, Aravind (2011). "Apache hadoop goes realtime at Facebook". Proceedings of the 2011 ACM SIGMOD International Conference on Management of data. p. 1071. doi:10.1145/1989323.1989438. ISBN 9781450306614. S2CID 207188340. Retrieved 15 January 2022. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  4. ^ "YugaByte Raises $8M in Series A Funding". FINSMES. 2 November 2017. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  5. ^ "Yugabyte CTO outlines a PostgreSQL path to distributed cloud". VentureBeat. 26 July 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2021.
  6. ^ "Yugabyte expands its fully managed enterprise cloud service with $188M". VentureBeat. 28 October 2021. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  7. ^ "Another cloud native SQL database unicorn: Yugabyte raises $188M Series C funding at $1.3B valuation". ZDNet. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  8. ^ "YugaByte Raises $8M in Series A Funding". Finsmes. 2 November 2017.
  9. ^ "YugaByte Receives $8M Series A Round". VC News Daily. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  10. ^ "YugaByte raises $16 Million to combine SQL and NoSQL in a single database". Technologies.org. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  11. ^ "YugaByte's new database software rakes in $16 million so developers can move to any cloud". TechCrunch. 12 June 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  12. ^ "Another globally distributed cloud native SQL database on the rise: Yugabyte Raises $30 million in Series B Funding". ZDNet. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  13. ^ "Yugabyte raises $30M for its cloud-native distributed SQL database". SiliconAngle. 9 June 2020. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  14. ^ "Yugabyte raises $48M for open source SQL database alternative". VentureBeat. 3 March 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  15. ^ "Yugabyte Raises $48 Million Funding Round to Accelerate Distributed SQL Enterprise Adoption and Fuel Global Expansion". YahoonFinance. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  16. ^ "Yugabyte's latest funding round values the distributed SQL system at $1.3bn". The Register. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  17. ^ "Another cloud native SQL database unicorn: Yugabyte raises $188M Series C funding at $1.3B valuation". ZDNet. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  18. ^ "High-performance database startup Yugabyte raises $188M in new funding round". Silicon Angle. 28 October 2021. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  19. ^ "ACID Transactions". Devopedia. 18 August 2019. Retrieved 12 January 2022.
  20. ^ "ICT Solutions for local flexibility markets" (PDF). Academia de Studii Economice din Bucuresti. Proceedings of the IE 2020 International Conference. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  21. ^ "YugaByte DB 1.3.1". Jepsen.io. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  22. ^ "YugaByteDB: A Distributed Cloud Native Database for a Highly Scalable Data Store". Open Source Foru. 14 September 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  23. ^ "Yugabyte Design Goals". Yugabyte.com. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  24. ^ Galić, Zdravko; Vuzem, Mario (2020). "A Generic and Extensible Core and Prototype of Consistent, Distributed, and Resilient LIS". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 9 (7): 437. Bibcode:2020IJGI....9..437G. doi:10.3390/ijgi9070437.
  25. ^ "Yugabyte Layered Architecture". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  26. ^ 26.0 26.1 26.2 26.3 26.4 26.5 26.6 Hirsch, Orhan Henrik. "Scalability of NewSQL Databases in a Cloud Environment" (PDF). Norwegian University of Science and Technology. NYNU Open. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  27. ^ 27.0 27.1 27.2 27.3 27.4 27.5 Budholia, Akash. "NewSQL Monitoring System". San Jose State University Scholar Works. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  28. ^ "Hybrid Clock". Martin Fowler. Retrieved 30 December 2021.
  29. ^ "Distributed Transactions without Atomic Clocks" (PDF). Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  30. ^ "Yugabyte DB 2.0 Ships Production-Ready Distributed SQL Database for Going Cloud Native". Integration Developer News. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  31. ^ "Yugabyte Structured Query Language (YSQL)". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  32. ^ "Yugabyte Meets Developer Demand for Comprehensive PostgreSQL Compatibility with YugabyteDB 2.11". BusinessWire. 23 November 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  33. ^ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 "PostgreSQL Compatibility in YugabyteDB 2.0". Yugabyte. 17 September 2019.
  34. ^ "Client Drivers for YSQL". Yugabyte.
  35. ^ "Why We Built YugabyteDB by Reusing the PostgreSQL Query Layer". Yugabyte. 24 April 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  36. ^ "Yugabyte Cloud Query Language (YCQL)". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  37. ^ "Client drivers for YCQL". Yugabyte.
  38. ^ "ACID Transactions". Yugabyte.
  39. ^ "YCQL JSONB Data Type". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  40. ^ "YCQL Secondary Indexes". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  41. ^ "YugabyteDB: Postgres foreign data wrapper". Gruchalski. 8 November 2021. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  42. ^ "YSQL Access Control". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  43. ^ "YCWL access Controls". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  44. ^ "Yugabyte Expands Multi-Region Database Capabilities and Enterprise-Grade Security with YugabyteDB 2.5". Business Wire. 12 November 2020. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  45. ^ "xCLuster Replication". Yugabyte. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  46. ^ "Yugabyte simplifies SQL database migration with YugabyteDB Voyager". siliconANGLE. 24 January 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.
  47. ^ "Yugabyte chomps into cloud migration". Techzine. 2 February 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.

External links

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