Climate of Uruguay
Almost all of Uruguay has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa according to the Köppen climate classification[1][2][3]). It is fairly uniform nationwide, since the country is located entirely within the temperate zone. Seasonal variations do exist, but extremes in temperature are rare. As would be expected by its abundance of water, high humidity and fog are common. The absence of mountains and other weather barriers makes all locations vulnerable to high winds and rapid changes in weather as fronts or storms sweep across the country.
The country could possibly get warmer and wetter with climate change, with some parts of the country becoming more tropical, with more extreme rain events. But that is unlikely. [citation needed]
Temperature and rainfall
Seasons are fairly well defined, and in most of Uruguay spring is usually damp, cool, and windy; summers are warm; autumns are mild; and winters are chilly and uncomfortably damp. Northwestern Uruguay, however, is farther from large bodies of water and therefore has warmer summers and milder and drier winters than the rest of the country. Average highs and lows in summer (January) in Montevideo are 28 and 17 °C (82.4 and 62.6 °F), respectively, with an absolute maximum of 43 °C (109.4 °F); comparable numbers for Artigas in the northwest are 33 and 18 °C (91.4 and 64.4 °F), with the highest temperature ever recorded (42 °C or 107.6 °F). Winter (July) average highs and lows in Montevideo are 14 and 6 °C (57.2 and 42.8 °F), respectively, although the high humidity makes the temperatures feel colder; the lowest temperature registered in Montevideo is −5 °C (23.0 °F). Averages in July of a high of 18 °C (64.4 °F) and a low of 7 °C (44.6 °F) in Artigas confirm the milder winters in northwestern Uruguay, but even here temperatures have dropped to a subfreezing −4 °C (24.8 °F).
Rainfall is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year, and annual amounts increase from southeast to northwest. Montevideo averages 950 millimeters (37.4 in) annually, and Artigas receives 1,235 millimeters (48.6 in) in an average year.[citation needed] As in most temperate climates, rainfall results from the passage of cold fronts in winter, falling in overcast drizzly spells, and summer thunderstorms are frequent.
Climate data
| Climate data for Montevideo | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 42.8 (109.0) |
40.3 (104.5) |
38.4 (101.1) |
36.7 (98.1) |
32.0 (89.6) |
27.4 (81.3) |
29.8 (85.6) |
30.8 (87.4) |
32.0 (89.6) |
35.8 (96.4) |
38.2 (100.8) |
40.8 (105.4) |
42.8 (109.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 27.7 (81.9) |
26.8 (80.2) |
25.3 (77.5) |
21.7 (71.1) |
18.2 (64.8) |
15.2 (59.4) |
14.5 (58.1) |
16.3 (61.3) |
17.5 (63.5) |
20.8 (69.4) |
23.3 (73.9) |
26.0 (78.8) |
21.1 (70.0) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.2 (73.8) |
22.7 (72.9) |
21.3 (70.3) |
17.9 (64.2) |
14.5 (58.1) |
11.7 (53.1) |
11.1 (52.0) |
12.4 (54.3) |
13.7 (56.7) |
16.6 (61.9) |
19.0 (66.2) |
21.5 (70.7) |
17.1 (62.8) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.8 (65.8) |
18.7 (65.7) |
17.3 (63.1) |
14.1 (57.4) |
10.9 (51.6) |
8.3 (46.9) |
7.6 (45.7) |
8.5 (47.3) |
9.9 (49.8) |
12.5 (54.5) |
14.7 (58.5) |
17.0 (62.6) |
13.2 (55.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 6.0 (42.8) |
6.8 (44.2) |
3.8 (38.8) |
1.3 (34.3) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
−5.0 (23.0) |
−3.8 (25.2) |
−2.4 (27.7) |
−1.5 (29.3) |
2.5 (36.5) |
5.0 (41.0) |
−5.6 (21.9) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 86.8 (3.42) |
101.5 (4.00) |
104.6 (4.12) |
85.5 (3.37) |
89.0 (3.50) |
83.1 (3.27) |
86.4 (3.40) |
88.2 (3.47) |
93.9 (3.70) |
108.5 (4.27) |
89.3 (3.52) |
84.4 (3.32) |
1,101.2 (43.35) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 7 | 7 | 6 | 77 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 70 | 73 | 76 | 77 | 79 | 81 | 80 | 78 | 76 | 74 | 72 | 70 | 76 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 294.5 | 234.5 | 220.1 | 162.0 | 161.2 | 126.0 | 142.6 | 164.3 | 180.0 | 226.3 | 249.0 | 282.1 | 2,442.6 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 9.5 | 8.3 | 7.1 | 5.4 | 5.2 | 4.2 | 4.6 | 5.3 | 6.0 | 7.3 | 8.3 | 9.1 | 6.7 |
| Source 1: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria[4] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Dirección Nacional de Meteorología (precipitation 1961–1990, extremes 1901–1994),[5][6] World Meteorological Organization (precipitation data 1961–1990)[7] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Paysandú | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 44.0 (111.2) |
42.4 (108.3) |
39.4 (102.9) |
36.0 (96.8) |
33.0 (91.4) |
29.2 (84.6) |
30.6 (87.1) |
32.8 (91.0) |
36.4 (97.5) |
38.0 (100.4) |
41.5 (106.7) |
41.9 (107.4) |
44.0 (111.2) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.0 (89.6) |
30.1 (86.2) |
28.5 (83.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
17.1 (62.8) |
17.0 (62.6) |
19.2 (66.6) |
20.7 (69.3) |
24.1 (75.4) |
27.0 (80.6) |
30.0 (86.0) |
24.2 (75.6) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.2 (77.4) |
24.0 (75.2) |
22.6 (72.7) |
18.7 (65.7) |
15.1 (59.2) |
12.4 (54.3) |
11.9 (53.4) |
13.6 (56.5) |
15.0 (59.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
20.8 (69.4) |
23.4 (74.1) |
18.4 (65.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 18.4 (65.1) |
17.8 (64.0) |
16.6 (61.9) |
13.4 (56.1) |
10.1 (50.2) |
7.6 (45.7) |
6.9 (44.4) |
8.1 (46.6) |
9.3 (48.7) |
12.3 (54.1) |
14.5 (58.1) |
16.8 (62.2) |
12.6 (54.7) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 7.8 (46.0) |
3.2 (37.8) |
3.2 (37.8) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−2.6 (27.3) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
−6.6 (20.1) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−3.4 (25.9) |
0.6 (33.1) |
2.3 (36.1) |
4.8 (40.6) |
−7.4 (18.7) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 106.1 (4.18) |
125.5 (4.94) |
137.8 (5.43) |
158.8 (6.25) |
102.0 (4.02) |
68.3 (2.69) |
56.1 (2.21) |
55.3 (2.18) |
71.5 (2.81) |
121.3 (4.78) |
123.1 (4.85) |
112.9 (4.44) |
1,238.6 (48.76) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 6 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 72 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 62 | 67 | 70 | 75 | 77 | 78 | 74 | 72 | 71 | 70 | 67 | 63 | 71 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 285.2 | 226.0 | 232.5 | 198.0 | 186.0 | 153.0 | 173.6 | 192.2 | 201.0 | 229.4 | 255.0 | 279.0 | 2,610.9 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 9.2 | 8.0 | 7.5 | 6.6 | 6.0 | 5.1 | 5.6 | 6.2 | 6.7 | 7.4 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 7.2 |
| Source 1: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria[8] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Dirección Nacional de Meteorología (precipitation days 1961–1990, extremes 1937–1994)[9][10] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Salto | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 42.2 (108.0) |
41.6 (106.9) |
40.0 (104.0) |
37.0 (98.6) |
31.8 (89.2) |
29.0 (84.2) |
31.6 (88.9) |
33.5 (92.3) |
35.5 (95.9) |
37.8 (100.0) |
39.0 (102.2) |
41.0 (105.8) |
42.2 (108.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.8 (91.0) |
31.0 (87.8) |
29.3 (84.7) |
24.9 (76.8) |
21.1 (70.0) |
18.2 (64.8) |
18.1 (64.6) |
20.5 (68.9) |
22.0 (71.6) |
25.3 (77.5) |
28.2 (82.8) |
31.1 (88.0) |
25.2 (77.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 26.2 (79.2) |
25.0 (77.0) |
23.4 (74.1) |
19.5 (67.1) |
15.9 (60.6) |
13.3 (55.9) |
12.8 (55.0) |
14.6 (58.3) |
16.0 (60.8) |
19.4 (66.9) |
21.8 (71.2) |
24.5 (76.1) |
19.4 (66.9) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.7 (67.5) |
18.9 (66.0) |
17.4 (63.3) |
14.0 (57.2) |
10.6 (51.1) |
8.4 (47.1) |
7.6 (45.7) |
8.7 (47.7) |
10.0 (50.0) |
13.4 (56.1) |
15.5 (59.9) |
17.9 (64.2) |
13.5 (56.3) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 8.3 (46.9) |
7.0 (44.6) |
4.4 (39.9) |
1.5 (34.7) |
−2.0 (28.4) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−3.3 (26.1) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
0.8 (33.4) |
4.0 (39.2) |
5.4 (41.7) |
−5.3 (22.5) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 118.2 (4.65) |
129.6 (5.10) |
157.7 (6.21) |
162.2 (6.39) |
95.8 (3.77) |
76.0 (2.99) |
53.1 (2.09) |
58.7 (2.31) |
86.6 (3.41) |
134.2 (5.28) |
141.8 (5.58) |
125.3 (4.93) |
1,399.2 (55.09) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 60 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 62 | 67 | 70 | 75 | 78 | 80 | 76 | 72 | 69 | 69 | 65 | 62 | 71 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 313.1 | 262.7 | 266.6 | 213.0 | 198.4 | 153.0 | 182.9 | 204.6 | 213.0 | 254.2 | 282.0 | 303.8 | 2,847.3 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 10.1 | 9.3 | 8.6 | 7.1 | 6.4 | 5.1 | 5.9 | 6.6 | 7.1 | 8.2 | 9.4 | 9.8 | 7.8 |
| Source 1: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria[11] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Dirección Nacional de Meteorología (precipitation days 1961–1990, extremes 1942–1994)[12][13] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Artigas | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 40.9 (105.6) |
41.2 (106.2) |
40.8 (105.4) |
36.0 (96.8) |
31.7 (89.1) |
29.5 (85.1) |
29.7 (85.5) |
34.4 (93.9) |
36.0 (96.8) |
36.7 (98.1) |
40.8 (105.4) |
41.4 (106.5) |
41.4 (106.5) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 32.3 (90.1) |
30.6 (87.1) |
29.1 (84.4) |
25.0 (77.0) |
21.3 (70.3) |
18.6 (65.5) |
18.4 (65.1) |
20.9 (69.6) |
21.9 (71.4) |
25.2 (77.4) |
27.9 (82.2) |
30.9 (87.6) |
25.2 (77.4) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 25.9 (78.6) |
24.8 (76.6) |
23.4 (74.1) |
19.7 (67.5) |
16.0 (60.8) |
13.7 (56.7) |
13.3 (55.9) |
15.2 (59.4) |
16.3 (61.3) |
19.4 (66.9) |
21.7 (71.1) |
24.4 (75.9) |
19.5 (67.1) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 19.5 (67.1) |
19.0 (66.2) |
17.7 (63.9) |
14.4 (57.9) |
10.7 (51.3) |
8.8 (47.8) |
8.2 (46.8) |
9.4 (48.9) |
10.6 (51.1) |
13.7 (56.7) |
15.5 (59.9) |
17.8 (64.0) |
13.8 (56.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 8.2 (46.8) |
7.9 (46.2) |
6.3 (43.3) |
2.0 (35.6) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
−4.6 (23.7) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−4.3 (24.3) |
−1.0 (30.2) |
1.2 (34.2) |
3.4 (38.1) |
6.0 (42.8) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 130.9 (5.15) |
155.2 (6.11) |
145.0 (5.71) |
173.1 (6.81) |
130.4 (5.13) |
97.8 (3.85) |
77.2 (3.04) |
71.3 (2.81) |
113.2 (4.46) |
142.7 (5.62) |
153.7 (6.05) |
126.3 (4.97) |
1,516.7 (59.71) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5 | 6 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 5 | 66 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 61 | 68 | 70 | 72 | 77 | 79 | 75 | 70 | 69 | 69 | 65 | 61 | 70 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 279.0 | 228.8 | 235.6 | 183.0 | 179.8 | 144.0 | 170.5 | 195.3 | 195.0 | 226.3 | 255.0 | 279.0 | 2,571.3 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 9.0 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 6.1 | 5.8 | 4.8 | 5.5 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 7.3 | 8.5 | 9.0 | 7.0 |
| Source 1: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria[14] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Dirección Nacional de Meteorología (precipitation days 1961–1990, extremes 1944–1994)[15][16] | |||||||||||||
| Climate data for Melo | |||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
| Record high °C (°F) | 43.0 (109.4) |
40.5 (104.9) |
40.4 (104.7) |
38.0 (100.4) |
32.3 (90.1) |
30.2 (86.4) |
30.0 (86.0) |
32.0 (89.6) |
37.0 (98.6) |
37.0 (98.6) |
38.4 (101.1) |
45.0 (113.0) |
45.0 (113.0) |
| Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 30.2 (86.4) |
29.2 (84.6) |
27.8 (82.0) |
24.1 (75.4) |
20.2 (68.4) |
17.2 (63.0) |
16.8 (62.2) |
18.7 (65.7) |
20.0 (68.0) |
23.1 (73.6) |
25.8 (78.4) |
28.6 (83.5) |
23.5 (74.3) |
| Daily mean °C (°F) | 23.9 (75.0) |
23.3 (73.9) |
21.9 (71.4) |
18.5 (65.3) |
14.8 (58.6) |
12.2 (54.0) |
11.8 (53.2) |
13.3 (55.9) |
14.5 (58.1) |
17.4 (63.3) |
19.8 (67.6) |
22.2 (72.0) |
17.8 (64.0) |
| Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 17.7 (63.9) |
17.5 (63.5) |
16.0 (60.8) |
12.9 (55.2) |
9.4 (48.9) |
7.2 (45.0) |
6.7 (44.1) |
7.9 (46.2) |
9.0 (48.2) |
11.8 (53.2) |
13.8 (56.8) |
15.8 (60.4) |
12.1 (53.8) |
| Record low °C (°F) | 1.0 (33.8) |
3.6 (38.5) |
0.0 (32.0) |
−5.2 (22.6) |
−5.9 (21.4) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
−9.6 (14.7) |
−4.8 (23.4) |
−4.0 (24.8) |
−3.0 (26.6) |
1.2 (34.2) |
4.0 (39.2) |
−11.0 (12.2) |
| Average precipitation mm (inches) | 106.1 (4.18) |
126.9 (5.00) |
112.6 (4.43) |
137.6 (5.42) |
136.7 (5.38) |
117.0 (4.61) |
107.9 (4.25) |
105.2 (4.14) |
117.1 (4.61) |
122.9 (4.84) |
121.8 (4.80) |
99.6 (3.92) |
1,411.3 (55.56) |
| Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 5 | 6 | 5 | 5 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 6 | 6 | 5 | 4 | 65 |
| Average relative humidity (%) | 69 | 72 | 74 | 76 | 79 | 81 | 79 | 77 | 75 | 74 | 71 | 69 | 75 |
| Mean monthly sunshine hours | 269.7 | 223.2 | 223.2 | 189.0 | 176.7 | 138.0 | 155.0 | 176.7 | 183.0 | 220.1 | 243.0 | 275.9 | 2,473.5 |
| Mean daily sunshine hours | 8.7 | 7.9 | 7.2 | 6.3 | 5.7 | 4.6 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 6.8 |
| Source 1: Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria[17] | |||||||||||||
| Source 2: Dirección Nacional de Meteorología (precipitation days 1961–1990, extremes 1937–1994)[18][19] | |||||||||||||
Winds
High winds are a disagreeable characteristic of the weather, particularly during the winter and spring, and wind shifts are sudden and pronounced. A winter warm spell can be abruptly broken by a strong pampero, a chilly and occasionally violent wind blowing north from the Argentine pampas. Summer winds off the ocean, however, have the salutary effect of tempering warm daytime temperatures.
Occasionally, damaging extratropical cyclones occur:
- In 2005, a heavy storm affected southern Uruguay with winds of up to 200 km/h.[20][21][22]
- In 2012, another similar storm swept the southern coasts with winds of up to 172 km/h.[20]
Climate change
Page 'Climate change in Uruguay' not found
Institutions
The Uruguayan National Directorate of Meteorology (Spanish: Dirección Nacional de Meteorología) is the leading institution in climatological matters. Since 1951 Uruguay is member of the World Meteorological Organization.[23]
As a consequence of the 4th General Meeting of Global Environment Facility in 2010, there will be an observatory specialized in climate change in Uruguay - a new experience on a world scale.[24]
References
- ^ Pidwirny, Michael (20 August 2023). Understanding Physical Geography, Appendix 2: Köppen Climate Classification. Kelowna, British Columbia: Our Planet Earth Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 978-0-9877029-4-4.
- ^ https://en.climate-data.org/south-america/uruguay-191/ [bare URL]
- ^ https://www.weatherbase.com/weather/weather-summary.php3?s=58568&+Uruguay [bare URL]
- ^ Castaño, José; Giménez, Agustín; Ceroni, Mauricio; Furest, José; Aunchayna, Rossina. "Caracterización Agroclimática del Uruguay 1980–2009" (PDF) (in español). Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
- ^ "RECORDS METEOROLOGICOS EN EL URUGUAY" (in español). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Archived from the original on 9 June 2015. Retrieved 30 April 2014.
- ^ "Estadísticas climatológicas : Estacion Meteorologica Prado" (in español). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Archived from the original on 30 November 2014. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
- ^ "World Weather Information Service – Montevideo". World Meteorological Organization. Archived from the original on 13 March 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2013.
- ^ Castaño, José; Giménez, Agustín; Ceroni, Mauricio; Furest, José; Aunchayna, Rossina. "Caracterización Agroclimática del Uruguay 1980–2009" (PDF) (in español). Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
- ^ "Estadísticas climatológicas" (in español). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Retrieved 22 October 2012.
- ^ "RECORDS METEOROLOGICOS EN EL URUGUAY" (in español). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Archived from the original on June 9, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
- ^ Castaño, José; Giménez, Agustín; Ceroni, Mauricio; Furest, José; Aunchayna, Rossina. "Caracterización Agroclimática del Uruguay 1980–2009" (PDF) (in español). Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
- ^ "Estadísticas climatológicas" (in español). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Archived from the original on November 30, 2014. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
- ^ "RECORDS METEOROLOGICOS EN EL URUGUAY" (in español). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Archived from the original on June 9, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
- ^ Castaño, José; Giménez, Agustín; Ceroni, Mauricio; Furest, José; Aunchayna, Rossina. "Caracterización Agroclimática del Uruguay 1980–2009" (PDF) (in español). Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
- ^ "Estadísticas climatológicas" (in español). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Retrieved 10 October 2012.
- ^ "RECORDS METEOROLOGICOS EN EL URUGUAY" (in español). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Archived from the original on June 9, 2015. Retrieved April 30, 2014.
- ^ Castaño, José; Giménez, Agustín; Ceroni, Mauricio; Furest, José; Aunchayna, Rossina. "Caracterización Agroclimática del Uruguay 1980–2009" (PDF) (in español). Instituto Nacional de Investigación Agropecuaria. Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2018. Retrieved 13 December 2018.
- ^ "Estadísticas climatológicas" (in español). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
- ^ "RECORDS METEOROLOGICOS EN EL URUGUAY" (in español). Dirección Nacional de Meteorología. Archived from the original on 9 June 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2016.
- ^ 20.0 20.1 "2005 cyclone much worse than 2012" (in Spanish). El Observador. 20 September 2012. Archived from the original on 21 September 2012.
{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link) - ^ "Uruguay: Heavy Storm OCHA Situation Report No. 1". ReliefWeb. Retrieved 2015-11-20.
- ^ "Wind and rain storm kills seven in Uruguay". MercoPress. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
- ^ "WMO". Archived from the original on 2011-10-10. Retrieved 2010-11-04.
- ^ "Climate change, the Uruguayan way" (in español). EL PAIS. 4 November 2010. Retrieved 4 November 2010.
External links
- National Directorate of Meteorology (in Spanish) Archived 2010-11-04 at the Wayback Machine
Categories:
- Articles with bare URLs for citations from August 2024
- Articles with invalid date parameter in template
- CS1 español-language sources (es)
- CS1 maint: unrecognized language
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- Climate of Uruguay
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