English Wikipedia @ Freddythechick:Articles for creation/2006-11-02
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Sam Fath
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- Declined. Your article appears to be a joke. It might be a wonderful entry in Uncyclopedia, a wiki where jokes and parodies are highly encouraged. But sadly, Wikipedia requires a stodgier, more factual tone in its articles, and your comedic efforts cannot be rewarded here. Hyenaste (tell) 01:13, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
Samuel Joeseph Fath was born November 18, 1987. He was born in the wild and was going to be raised by wolves, but when they attempted to feed him he executed the wolf pups and fed on their corpses. The bitches and alpha male were so impressed they bowed before him and begged for mercy. He showed none. Since this time, Samuel unleashed holy hell wherever he went. He was adopted into a household where he slept only an hour a week and the rest of the time was so on edge that the weakest amongst the population tended to explode by mere proximity to his intensity. Others either fell into coma due to shock of these seemingly spontaneous explosions, while others still just sort of learned to tune the violence out. The community was purged of stupidity and actually prospered due to this seemingly unrelenting death. Sam was sent to Vermont where the majority of his peers had some level of coherence. Here, he could not cause as much damage as he did in Alabama where the sheer level of ineptitude was almost sickening. Vermont's highschools refused to challenge Sam enough so he relied on complex mental training while out in the rigors of the Vermont wild. The constant fluxuating weather, dangerous animals, rugged terrain, and simultaneous tranquility brought the all consuming chaos of Samuel together. The wilderness almost reflected the creation of the universe in all its calamity and chaos. Therein, Sam found, that he was almost like a universe. His mind stretched beyond that of normal and he realized things that we cannot comprehend. He almost exploded and created a universe (much like how ours was actually made), but in his sheer power of Will, Sam managed to contain the explosion in hiself and grew a beard. This was truly manly. Truly. Manliness was reborn in Sam. However, like before, its sheer intensity managed to leak out into other people. Like a paladin, his mere presence emboldened people and made men manly. But it leaked out over time. His friends, such as Jay Towne, became truly powerful, while Sam became a bit of a puss. Blowing his money on expensive trips on a girl that would probably never really work out in the end like all college relationships. The amount of money/time equation works out as such:
lim ((Money+time)-(time wasted))/Life life -> 0
Bottom line being... Samuel was selling his existance. He was abandoning parties early, leaving his friends and working all the time to pay off for trips that were wrecking his college life. College, being a source for future employment was thusly taking a backseat in his life. He lost his humor and was no longer as awesome. It was a tragic story. He was a bright star that shone brighter than most but ended quickly. He was buried at the woods where we would like to believe he was at the epitome of all that was Sam and Man. On the very spot furthest from Japan and the woman that destroyed him.
Sources
132.198.93.254 00:18, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
Renal Sex
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Declined, source does not contain relevant information. Hyenaste (tell) 01:12, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
Renal sex is literally the act of having sex with your partner or partners' kidneys. It has little acceptance outside of alternative subcultures.
The consensus of the medical community is that renal sex can cause kidney stones, diminished renal activity or in extreme cases renal failure.
Sources
http://www.kidney.org.uk/Medical-Info/sex-problems/index.html
64.237.198.11 00:25, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
edward garrick
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- Declined. We cannot accept blank suggestions. Please consider submitting to Wikipedia:Requested articles instead. Hyenaste (tell) 01:12, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
Sources
12.215.170.118 01:08, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
Honsbrix
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While many learned professors have abandoned hope of ever discovering the truth behind honsbrix, I for one feel that it is still a worthy cause for examination. I really, really like honsbrix. While it has been acknowledged that it has an important part to play in the development of man, honsbrix is featuring more and more in the ideals of the young and upwardly mobile. Inevitably honsbrix is often misunderstood by the over 50, who are likely to form a major stronghold in the inevitable battle for hearts and minds. Keeping all of this in mind, in this essay I will examine the major issues.
Social Factors
Society is a human product. Upon Peter Pinkleton-PishPosh's return to Britain he remarked 'class will refelect the inner hero' [1], he borrowed much from honsbrix. Spanning divides such as class, race and uglyness, honsbrix demonstrates a coherent approach, something so lacking in our culture, that it is not recognised by all.
Special care must be taken when analysing such a delicate subject. On the other hand anyone that disagrees with me is an idiot. It has been said that the one thing in society which could survive a nuclear attack is honsbrix. This is incorrect, actually cockroaches are the only thing which can survive a nuclear attack.
Economic Factors
Increasingly economic growth and innovation are being attributed to honsbrix. We will primarily be focusing on the Inter-Spam model of economics. Annual Military Budget
honsbrix
When displayed this way it becomes very clear that honsbrix is of great importance. In spite of the best efforts of The World Bank the annual military budget looms over honsbrix this cannot be a coincidence. In the light of this free trade must be examined.
Political Factors
Politics has in some areas been seen to embrace an increasing ananiathesis of intergovernmentalism leading to neo-functionalism. Comparing the general view of politics held by the poor of the west with those of the east can be like comparing the two sides of honsbrix.
In the words of award winning journalist Noah Rock 'political change changes politics, but where does it go?' [2] Amazingly, he new nothing of honsbrix until he was well into his thirties. To paraphrase, the quote is saying 'honsbrix wins votes.' Simple as that. Where do we go from here? Only time will tell.
Conclusion
In summary, honsbrix is both a need and a want. It enlightens our daily lives, provides financial security, though honsbrix brings with it obvious difficulties, it is truly honsbrix.
As a parting shot here are the words of super-star Beyonce Zeta-Jones 'I love honsbrix? Yes! Hurray for honsbrix!' [3]
Sources
[1] Flankton - The Complete History - 1999 Fantastico Publishing
[2] Rock - Roll It Up - 1977 - F. Lower Publishing
[3] Sham Magazine - Issue 124 - Monkey Books
24.43.194.39 01:14, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
- Declined. Neologisms are not considered notable unless they receive substantial use and press coverage; this requires strong sourcing. Links to sites specifically intended to promote the neologism itself do not establish notability. -- moe.RON Let's talk | done 18:49, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
The Demimondes
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The Demimondes, essentially a collaboration between noted English poet Michael Lahiffe (who's publications include Iota magazine, Ambit and the BBC) and artist John Townsend (graphic design for little white lies magazine), along with bass player Darren Gillick, formed in late 2005 with the intention of creating a series of film soundtracks, influenced by French chanson, folk, surf instrumentals and English pop music. The initial release in June 2006 of a four song EP 'John's Pets' was followed by a fourteen-track recording two months later, with the title track recieving airplay on Virgin Radio, as well as increasing underground popularity in America. The band remain committed to recording and releasing music on the internet rather than gigging, and are currently in talks with independant record labels about future releases, while the Demimondes continue to operate as a broad creative musical, literary and artistic outlet for both Townsend and Lahiffe. Sourceshttp://www.iotapoetry.co.uk/ http://www.transitiontradition.com/showcase_poem.php?showcase_id=10
Declined: as of July 2007, this group appears to be not notable. davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 16:22, 28 July 2007 (UTC) |
| This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. |
Needelonator
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Needelonator - Laboratory Device used to accurately place spherical devices an experimental setup without initial conditions.
Sources
Rochester Institute of Technology, October 31 2006, Laboratory Handout. 129.21.40.153 02:45, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
- Declined. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not a dictionary. We cannot accept definitions of words or abbreviations as entries. Please try creating an article at Wiktionary instead. -- moe.RON Let's talk | done 18:51, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
removed
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Sources
70.87.207.234 03:15, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
- Declined: Your sources provide no information on the subject itself, only schools and businesses mentioned in the article. Please provide more sources that relate directly to the person in question Harryboyles 05:59, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
The Green Book Directory
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Introduction
The Green Book has been a prominent source of business information since 1980. Our comprehensive database of information and innovative products satisfy the procurement needs of a wide range of industries and interests.
With its roots in the printed media, The Green Book has a rich 20 year tradition of providing user-friendly sources of business information.
The Green Book has become a trusted name for establishing business contacts for hundreds of thousands of users in Singapore and the rest of the world.
Utilizing the power of the internet, The Green Book has created an online community for buyers and sellers to interact with each other.
From initial sourcing of products right through to an e-commerce transaction, TheGreenBook.com caters to all procurement needs in one place. Whether through the traditional printed directory services or the latest e-business solutions, The Green Book provides an invaluable information source
The Green Book Mission
To be the leading provider of quality e-business, advertising and information services for local and international markets.
External Link
- Declined. This suggestion doesn't sufficiently explain the importance or significance of the subject. See the speedy deletion criteria A7 and/or guidelines on web sites. Please provide more information on why the web site is worthy of inclusion in an encyclopedia. Thank you. -- moe.RON Let's talk | done 19:03, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
Amiene Rev The First Blog Reviewer In Malaysia
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Amiene Rev known in Malaysia and Indonesia as the first person who found the idea of becoming blog reviewer. Through this idea, Amiene Rev spread the words about the important of using national language in Malaysian blog. This action has created a new phenomenon where people start to change, start to look back at their blog. Amiene Rev motivated Malaysians to appreciate their mother tongue language - Malay Language for blogging. Since there are many blogger use wrong phrase and spells for Malay language in the blog, Amiene Rev start to critize and teach them about it. Most people like this idea, since Amiene Rev review, critized and rated their personal blog, give suggestion on how blogger can improve their blog contents. Amiene Rev created himself the criteria and elements used to give score and grade to the blog he visit, read and review. Some people called him, PB (Pengkritik Blog) which mean Blog Reviewer or Blog Observer. Amiene Rev has been given tasks and trusts to become an official blog review for a Malaysian blog message box organisation to review every blogs registered with that organisation. Amiene Rev is an author who like to write about children and teen storybook and novel in Malay language. Some of his works, such as poems has been published in local magazine and also put into some Malay novel since he used many nicknames, only person who very closed to him know and admire him. Since Amiene Rev love his mother tongue language, he only write in Malay. Just visit his blog, and see the beauty of Malay language used to review and rate those Malaysian blog. Also some knowledges which he freely share with newbies. Instead of motivated people through his blog, Amiene Rev spread his motivation arts in real world. He travels from one place to one place, volunteering in teaching kids and teens at schools and also at orphanage centers. Amiene Rev is a low profile person, but still a phenomenon in Malaysian world of blogging. People will continue to talk about him even he is still very new in making appearing in the world of blog. Sources
Declined: notability not supported. davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 16:26, 28 July 2007 (UTC) |
| This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. |
Adenike Akins
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THE BRAIN BEHIND THE ORGANIZATION Miss Adenike Akinsemolu, a young, bright student and a prize-winning, budding playwright, has just started a non-profit organization called The Black Intellects International. The web site for the organization, BlackIntellect.net, draws on African tradition and mythology, while employing current Western idiom. Born in Akure, Ondo State, to Yoruba parents, Adenike is fluent in Yoruba (Ondo dialect) and English, and has a smattering of French. She went to school in Nigeria, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America, where she is currently pursuing a course of studies in Biochemistry/pre-Medicine at Kutztown University of PA. Adenike hopes to establish a hospital in Nigeria when she finishes Medical school. She believes that what is important about a person is the character, not the outward appearance. She would describe herself, and those who know her say she is, diligent. MISSION STATEMENT The Black Intellects International has as its goals:
Sources
156.12.170.199 03:42, 1 November 2006 (UTC) Declined: not sufficiently notable. Neither is the organization. If the organization were notable, list it, not the person. davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 16:29, 28 July 2007 (UTC) |
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poolatwork
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poolatwork is a community movement for like-minded creative individuals. It is a meeting place for ideas and people coming together to contribute to the culture of today
- Declined. We cannot accept unsourced suggestions or sources that are not reliable per the verifiability policy. Please provide sources with your suggestions. -- moe.RON Let's talk | done 20:29, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
Moahni Moahna
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A keyboard player was added in form of Kai Backlund. Henrik and Tommy had already several new songs ready and the rehearsals began. Within soon the band was out performing gigs at clubs and festivals. Now the time had come to record a full length album and to go for a record deal. Johan Bobäck was brought in to take over the keys together with Fredrik Sahlander as the new bass player. The new line up started with doing a small Sweden tour to try the new songs on stage in front of an audience. The last gig of the tour was held at the rock club Pipeline in Sundsvall, where national radio P3 met up with their mobile studio bus and recorded the complete show. The full concert was aired twice. Moahni Moahna entered the studio and started recording their first full length album. The songs would be new versions of the three songs from the mini CD ("Face the Light") and five new compositions. On top of the touring band, several extra instruments were added to give the songs that extra authentic feel. Just like they had done on the mini CD. The idea was to use accoustic instruments instead of simulating them with keyboards. Keyboards were only used to reproduce syntheziser sounds. Other key instruments were hammond organ and grand piano. The additional instruments used would include accordion, flute, military marching drums, harmonica, a horn section, a string section, a choir and a full chamber orchestra. When the recordings were finished, it wasn´t long before a record deal was signed with a Swedish label. It meant that the album would be released in Asia and Sweden. The year is now 1994. The first gig after the completion of the debut album "Temple of Life" was held at a sold out Hard Rock Cafe in Stockholm. The line up had once again been modified. Keyboards were now handeled by Richard Andersson and drums by Jaime Salazar. On stage were also Fredrik Burstedt on violin and Åsa Arvidsson playing the accordion. The gig was a total success and it wasn´t long before lots of great album reviews were piling up. The band did some more gigs with this line up. The next modification came when they welcomed new drummer Björn Hagberg. This line up performed about some handful concerts. Then Henrik and Tommy started writing for the second album. At this stage the band realized that the record label was run by criminals and all royalties were gone. This left the band in a very difficult situation. The only chance to record album number two was to lend equipment from friends and build a temporary studio in an empty house accessible through Henrik. It was located in the northern parts of Sweden, where the winter was extra cold this early 1996. Even though the studio gear weren´t built to fit together, the studio room was a partly furnished living room and the water pipings were frozen, the recording sessions were highly creative and everything went smooth in its own strange way. Soon the album "Why" was ready. Moahni Moahna got a new record deal with a German label. They released the new album and re-released the first album, since it still wasn´t released in the whole of Europe. In Asia a separat deal was made with another company. The band did some more festivals and one gig as support for Deep Purple. Now it comes clear that the German label has stolen the royalties from Moahni Moahna. Bit by bit joy fades away and band activity decreases. Nothing is ever officially said about ending the band. Sourceswww.angtoria.com www.moahnimoahna.inc.se
Declined: not notable. davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 16:32, 28 July 2007 (UTC) |
| This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. |
Shag Wagon
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- REDIRECT Volkswagen_Type_2
- Declined: The requested redirect does not specifically relate to the Volkswagon in question. Furthermore, Wikipedia is not a dictionary. Harryboyles 06:03, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
Sweet Delirium
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Sweet Delirium are a rock and roll band hailing from the small suburb of cleveland, Brisbane. Consisting of four teenage boys, Some heavy guitar riffs and a vocal melody that will make you want to jump up and dance! Sweet Delirium are truley a unique and indivual act that cannot be missed.
History
One hot summer day of 2004 Liam Hennessy(vocals, guitar) and his mate Sean Cotteril decided to start a folk band. After realising his heart was not with folk music Liam left the band and called in some of the best national and international musicians in town. (Joe Power, Joey Mcgahan, Justin Giovenco) An early incarnation of Sweet Delirium was born.
After a few months of solid practice the boys recorded the very first E.P titled A JESTER LIFE... This E.P notably became the worlds greatest rock record for a whole 7 weeks. THEN!!! E.P number two came. With a much heavier sound, and vocal lines that will make you want to cry(literally) Sweet Delirium's second release RISE ABOVE will soon make these boys a house-hold name.
Trivia
Did you know? Bass player Joey Mcgahan is a homosexual, He was caught enjoying sexual activities with another male instead of showing up to band practice.
Did you know? Liam Hennessy has one of the largest Penis's in the world.
Did you know? Joe Power secretly likes to dress up in drag and perform under the name "I.Am.Fukhed"
Sources
www.myspace.com/sweetdeliriumtheband www.thebestbandever.com Menace to society90 04:38, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
- Declined. We cannot accept unsourced suggestions or sources that are not reliable per the verifiability policy. Please provide sources with your suggestions. -- moe.RON Let's talk | done 20:32, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
Greg Loftis
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Greg Loftis(born 5/15/79) is a musician from Omaha, Ne. He is the founding member of rock group "An Iris Pattern". Notable contributions have come from Tim Kasher and A.J. Mogis. Debut EP release(A Museum Is Silent Suffering) scheduled for winter 2007 with a full length to shortly follow on Indian Burn Records. SourcesLazy-i.com, SlamOmaha.com and The Reader (Omaha, Ne) 69.168.199.193 05:36, 1 November 2006 (UTC) Declined: not notable davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 16:34, 28 July 2007 (UTC) |
| This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. |
Oflag XVII-A
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Oflag XVII-A was a prisoner of war camp for officers (oflag) situated in Austria near Doellersheim. The camp was located at Edelbach, between Allensteig and Doellersheim. Oflag XVII-A functioned between 1940 and April of 1945, the date of its liberation by Soviet troops. It primarily held french officers. Approximately 6000 were held there during its functioning. The prison guards were often Austrian veterans and the detention conditions were, for the most part, less draconian than other camps. These lax conditions partially explain several notable characteristics of the camp: It holds the record for largest successful group escape: 130 persons. -A documentary film was shot there during the 1950's -"Sous le manteau" (Beneath the Cloak) was later copied onto 24 image/sec 16 mm film -Twenty former inmates were involved in the project; they aided as producers, camera crew, technicians and, of course, actors -Several hundred photos were taken during the course of the filming. They constitute a unique insiders view of the living conditions the inmates endured. (photo title) Of these photos, the most ironic may be this sign, which reads "photographs prohibited" Sourceshttp://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oflag_XVII-A This article is a simple verbatim translation of the french wikipedia page of the subject. I simply desired to translate it for the anglophone site. I will probably do so again in the future if this is in accordance with the Wikipedia rules
131.215.243.16 06:30, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
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| This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. |
Re-Re
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A politically correct way to refer to a smart person who acts stupid.
Sources
http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=re-re
74.111.168.224 07:57, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
- Declined. Wikipedia is an encyclopedia, not a dictionary. We cannot accept definitions of words or abbreviations as entries. Please try creating an article at Wiktionary instead. Harryboyles 06:06, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
Chinese Fringetree (Chinese Fringe Tree)
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The Chinese fringetree (Chionanthus retusus) is a deciduous tree native to East Asia. It is known as 流蘇樹 (liúsūshù) in Chinese. It grows up to about 6 meters in height. Sourceshttp://www.desert-tropicals.com/Plants/Oleaceae/Chionanthus_retusus.html http://trees.stanford.edu/images/chionanthus_gal/index.htm http://davesgarden.com/pf/go/75132/ http://taibnet.sinica.edu.tw/chinese/taibnet_species_detail.asp?TSID=204565 67.100.45.248 08:11, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
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| This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. |
Whitehall Theatre, Whitehall, London, SW1
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The Whitehall Theatre in London's Whitehall, opened on on the 29th of September 1930 with a play called 'The Way To Treat A Woman' by Walter Hackett. The Theatre was designed by Edward A. Stone with an Art Deco interior by Marc-Henri and Laverdet. The Whitehall Theatre is well known for being the home, in the 50s and 60s, of Brian Rix's 'Whitehall Farces'.
The Theatre was converted in 2003 into two Studio Spaces, and renamed the Trafalgar Studios which opened with the Royal Shakespeare Company's production of 'Othello' on the 3rd of June 2004.
Sources
86.129.67.29 10:22, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
- Declined. We cannot accept unsourced suggestions or sources that are not reliable per the verifiability policy. Please provide sources with your suggestions. Harryboyles 06:07, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
trry
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rry
Sources
rty book
193.195.148.238 11:00, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
Tony Mccartney Widely regarded as the greatest maths teacher in Mount Scopus Memorial College long and enthralling history, Tony Mccartney has taught many a class valuable lessons in the mathematical area. He is father to Seamus and others and is curently in his second marriage. Tony Mccartney has taken a particular liking to Jared Nash who has achieved particularly good results in his classes. Tony is known by the students of Mount Scopus Memorial College as 'the king of analogies.'
Sources
scopus.vic.edu.au 60.224.78.78 11:06, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
- Declined. This suggestion doesn't sufficiently explain the importance or significance of the subject. See the speedy deletion criteria A7 and/or guidelines on biographies. Please provide more information on why the person or group is worthy of inclusion in an encyclopedia. Thank you. -- moe.RON Let's talk | done 23:41, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
Serjeant Painter
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SourcesRonald Paulson, Hogarth : His Life, Art, and Times (New Haven en Londen 1971) 2 vols I, 86 and 90. 80.100.68.252 11:13, 1 November 2006 (UTC) |
| This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. |
US Helsinki Commission
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SourcesThe CSCE is also known as the Helsinki Commission, however, it is differnt to HELCOM. 193.60.218.253 11:22, 1 November 2006 (UTC) Accepted: redirect created davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 16:46, 28 July 2007 (UTC) |
| This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. |
Dominic Hillier
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Hello, Dominic Hillier was bourne in Hammersmith, London, UK on May 25th 1989 He likes music and cheese. LoLz. ly xox He has aloud me to write this and accepts his fate.
Sources
This is from Dominic Hilliers up-coming book "The Life and Dreams of Dominic Hillier"
195.195.244.154 12:35, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
- Declined. This suggestion doesn't sufficiently explain the importance or significance of the subject. See the speedy deletion criteria A7 and/or guidelines on biographies. Please provide more information on why the person or group is worthy of inclusion in an encyclopedia. Thank you. -- moe.RON Let's talk | done 23:42, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
Lewis Cater
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Lewis is this really cool guy. Hes got pink hair and is a really nice guy. Hes in a band lolz www.myspace.com/yellosnow
this is his myspace www.myspace.com/lewisiscool
Sources
195.195.244.154 12:37, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
- Declined. This suggestion doesn't sufficiently explain the importance or significance of the subject. See the speedy deletion criteria A7 and/or guidelines on biographies. Please provide more information on why the person or group is worthy of inclusion in an encyclopedia. Thank you. Harryboyles 06:08, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
Heterosis and inheritance of quantitatve characters in a diallel cross of pearl millet
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Sources
64.201.33.97 13:23, 1 November 2006 (UTC) Heterosis and Inheritance of Quantitative Characters in a Diallel Cross of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.)
- 1A. U. Izge, A2. M. Kadams and D2. T. Gungula
- Department of Crop Production and Horticulture, School of Agriculture and Agricultural Technology, Federal University of Technology, Yola, P.M.B. 2076,Yola, Nigeria.
- E: mail: (snipped)
ABSTRACT Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a staple food in the dry areas of Nigeria and parts of West Africa and Asia. It possesses desirable agronomic attributes that are associated with its total grain yield. Determination of the gene actions controlling these agronomic yields attributes the level of heterosis and the associations among the parental lines and the crosses would be useful in developing appropriate selection strategies. A nursery experiment was conducted during the dry season of 2003 to March, 2004 at the Lake Chad Research Institute Maiduguri, Nigeria under irrigation with 10 (ten) pearl millet inbred lines to form an F1 population, by crossing in all possible combinations excluding reciprocals through diallel (Griffing’s Method 2 Model 1). The 45 crosses and the 10 parental lines were evaluated during the cropping seasons of 2004 and 2005 at two locations, Maiduguri and Yola, Nigeria in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that there were significant differences among the entries for most of the traits evaluated. Both additive and non-additive genetic effects were involved in the control of the characters, but non-additive genetic effect was the most important in that regard. This study identified ACC-1022-1-2SPT and SOSAT- C88 as the best parents in total grain yield considering there per se performance. The parents, BONKOK-SHORT, DMR 43, DMR22 and LCIC9702 were identified as the best general combiners in terms of GCA effects. The crosses DMR22 x LCIC9702, DMR43 x LCIC9702, DMR22 x LCIC9703-27, D2P29 x EX-BORNO were observed to have recorded the highest SCA effects. Similarly, the crosses D2P29 x DMR43, DMR22 x LCIC9702, DMR43 x LCIC9702, BONKOK- SHORT x SOSAT-C88 and D2P29 x EX-BORNO were the highest in terms of per se performance. It has been observed however, that some crosses with high SCA effects were also high in per se performance. A fair general parallelism existed in most cases between GCA effects and the performance of the parental lines per se. Similar parallelism also existed between SCA effects and per se performance of crosses and between SCA effects of crosses and levels of higher parent heterosis. Considerable higher parent heterosis was exhibited among the crosses in almost all the characters. Higher parent heterosis of 85.13 % and 114.05 % for yield per plant and total grain yield per hectare respectively, were obtained in this study. There is great potential therefore for the production of hybrid pearl millet varieties. The preponderance of non-additive genetic effect, and the tremendous levels of higher parent heterosis observed among the characters in the parents and the crosses studied would be great assets in choosing pearl millet cultivars for inter crossing and development of varieties and hybrids for commercial production. Key words: Per se performance, additive genetic effect, non additive genetic effect, and high parent heterosis
____________________________________________________________________ Short running title: Genetic study in a diverse population of pearl millet.
INTRODUCTION
Pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a staple food crop in arid and semi-arid areas of Africa and Asia (Khairwal et al. 1999) Beside as the principal food cereal in arid and semi-arid regions and as forage in Australia, South Africa, South America and the USA, pearl millet has a potential as an early-maturing summer grain crop in temperate regions (Anand Kumar and Andrews, 1993, Yoshida and Sumida, 1996). Pearl millet has high yield potential and responds well to water and soil fertility (Poehlman, 1994). However, several pearl millet varieties exist in West Africa, but they have low grain yields when grown under harsh conditions characterized by poor, eroded soils and low uneven rainfall (Ouendeba et al. 1993).
Since the pearl millet varieties grown in arid and semi-arid areas of Africa and Asia have insignificant yield gains, information on the combining abilities and heterosis of diverse breeding population are needed for efficient choice of breeding methods and parental materials to use in developing productive base population. The knowledge on the relative magnitude of genetic variability of the desired agronomic characters within the population is also important.
At present information on genetic variability in pearl millet are available (Izge et al. 2005), but information on the combining abilities and heterotic patterns among the pearl millet cultivars that are grown in the Sahel and the Sudan savanna agricultural zones of Nigeria are limited. This information if available would be helpful in the development of a successful breeding program, because mass selection within the pearl millet populations have not increased grain yield significantly. Jauhar, (1981) reported that most breeding procedures in the USA and India in pearl millet are aimed at maximum exploitation of hybrid vigor for both grain and forage yields. Nwasike et al. (1992) and Ouendeba et al. (1993) working independently each on five different cultivars reported significant level of heterosis in pearl millet. Gardener and Eberhart, (1966) and Barker (1978), however, expressed reservation on such results and reported that any diallel involving less than ten parental lines may not give accurate results.
The objectives of this study therefore were to determine the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) variances that will indicate the type of gene action controlling the various agronomic yield traits. The study was also aimed at estimating the GCA effect of parents and the SCA effects of crosses and to identify the level of heterosis among the crosses in all the traits evaluated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten (10) pearl millet inbred lines chosen based on their geographical and genetic diversity were randomly selected and crossed in all possible combinations (diallel) without reciprocals during the dry season of 2003 to March 2004 under irrigation applied to soil field capacity every two three days till maturity, at the Lake Chad Research Institute (LCRI), Maiduguri, Nigeria. The genetic materials were procured from LCRI, Maiduguri and ICRISAT India viz, ACC-1022-1-2SPT, BONKOK-SHORT, DMR43, DMR22, LCIC9702, LCIC9703-27, D2P29, EX-BORNO, SOSAT- C88 and IMV11-3-3SPT. All the 45 crosses (F1) and the ten parental lines were grown for evaluation at two locations, Yola (90 8I N, 120 16I E), in northern guinea savanna and Maiduguri (110 53I 130 16I E), in Sudan savanna agricultural zones of Nigeria. The two locations provide difference in soil type and rainfall representing the two main pearl millet growing areas in Nigeria and indeed West Africa and Asia. The Maiduguri soils are characteristically sandy with a low moisture holding capacity Rayar (1986), while Yola soils are sandy loams with relatively high moisture holding capacity. The weather during the research is characterized by low temperature and dry air that is typical of the harmttan period. The materials were grown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD), with three replications both at Yola and Maiduguri locations during the 2004 and 2005 cropping seasons. The genetic seed materials were planted on 22nd and on 29th of June in 2004 and 2005 respectively at Maiduguri location, while it was planted on 04th and 11th July in 2004 and 2005 respectively at Yola location. The plot size was made up of four rows each 5 m long and spaced 75 cm between rows and 50 cm within stands. Seeds sun dried to 10 % moisture content were sown by hand as a pinch after treatment with Apron-Star WS (Metalaxyl active ingredient) at the rate of 15 g kg -1 of pearl millet seeds. Seeds after germination were thinned to 2 plants per stand at 3 weeks after sowing. Compound fertilizer (N.P.K 27:10:10) at the rate of 60 kg ha-1 was applied in two split doses, one at planting and the other at 5 weeks after sowing. Weed control was done by hoe at three weeks and seven weeks after sowing, according to Onwueme and Sinha (1991). Harvesting was done manually using hoe and knife after the plants have matured. Data collections were done on the following parameters, following the procedure of Nwasike et al. (1992) and Izge et al. (2005). The parameters were; Days to 50 % flowering, number of tillers/plant, number of leaves/plant, downy mildew incidence, plant height, panicle length, number of seeds/panicle, 1000-grain weight, threshing %, grain yield/plant, and grain yield/ha. The statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed based on plot mean values for all the parameters combined across locations and years. The combining ability analysis was done according to Griffing (1956) Method 2 Model 1 using SAS 2005 package from Zhang et al. (2005), based on the following linear additive model: Yijkl = + Li + Yj + (LY) ij + R (ij) k + El + (LE) il + (YE) jl + (LYE) ijl + є (ijkl). Where Yijkl = observation of any variable in the ith location, jth year, kth replication, of the lth entry; = over all mean; Li = effect of the ith location, i = 1, 2; Yj = effect of the jth year, j = 1, 2; (LY) ij = location x year interaction; R (ij) k = random error effect of the kth replication nested in locations and years; El = effect of the lth entry, l = 1…55; (LE) il = location x entry interaction; (YE) jl = year x entry interactions; є (ijkl) = random error effect of the ijklth plot observations. The estimation of heterosis as an increase in F1 means over high parent means were expressed as percentage and computed using the formula of Liang et al. (1972) as follows: H = F1 – Hp / Hp x 100, where H = high parent heterosis, F1 = mean performance of crosses (hybrids) and Hp = mean performance of the high parent. RESULTS The mean squares of entries and analysis of variance for combining ability in a 10 x 10 diallel cross of pearl millet combined across locations and years are presented in Table1. The results indicated that highly significant or significant variance difference occurred in most of the characters studied. However, there was no significant difference among crosses, parents, and GCA variance in total grain yield/ha. There was also no significant difference among parents, crosses, and in GCA, SCA, GCA x Location, SCA x Location in grain yield/plant. Similarly, there was no significant difference observed in SCA, GCA x Location, GCA x year, SCA x year, and GCA x year x location in downy mildew incidence. The GCA x location, year x location, year x location x entry and parents x crosses variance interactions were highly significant for days to 50 % flowering. However, SCA x location variance interaction was significant for downy mildew incidence and threshing %. The ratio of GCA to SCA variance however, indicated that the major part of the total genetic variability was due in part by additive genetic effect, but mostly by non-additive genetic effect where ratios were less than unity. The estimates of general combining ability effects for yield and yield components in parental lines of pearl millet combined across locations and years are presented in Table 2. None of he parental lines exhibited any significant GCA effect for total grain yields. None of the parental lines also exhibited significant difference in GCA effects in number of tillers per plant, number of leaves/plant, threshing % and grain yield/plant. The parental line BONKOK-SHORT, exhibited the highest and significant negative GCA effects in days to 50 % flowering, plant height, panicle length and in number of seeds/panicle. Similarly, DMR22 exhibited the highest and significant positive GCA effects in days to 50 % flowering and plant height. The results revealed that BONKOK-SHORT, and LCIC9702 were the best general combiners for earliness, because both the parental lines exhibited highly significant and negative GCA effects for days to 50 % flowering. The result also indicated that DMR43, and DMR22 together are good general combiners for plant height, while DMR43 is a good general combiner for panicle length and number of seeds/panicle. Similarly BONKOK-SHORT is a good general combiner for 1000-grain weight. The result indicated that there is a significant and positive correlations existing between GCA effects and the parental performance per se in all the characters, except number of tillers/plant, grain yield/plant and total grain yield/ha. The estimates of specific combining ability effects for yield and yield components among crosses of pearl millet combined across locations and years are presented in Table 3. The results indicated that ACC-1022-1-2SPT x BONKOK-SHORT exhibited the highest, positive and significant SCA effect only in panicle length. In contrast however, BONKOK-SHORT x D2P29, exhibited the highest and significant negative SCA effect in the same character. The crosses BONKOK-SHORT x SOSAT-C88 and BONKOK-SHORT x EX-BORNO exhibited the highest significant positive SCA effect and the highest significant negative SCA effect respectively in days to 50 % flowering (Table 3). Similarly, highest and negative significant SCA effect for total grain yield was recorded by D2P29 x SOSAT-C88. No positive and significant SCA effects were observed among all the crosses in total grain yield and in yield/plant. The best performing parents and the crosses on the basis of per se performance and their combining abilities for certain characters are presented in Table 4. The result revealed that the best crosses in SCA effects did not always involved one or both of the best general combiners. The crosses with high SCA effects in most cases involved at least one or two of the good general combiners as parents, namely BONKOK-SHORT, DMR43, DMR22, LCIC9702 and D2P29. The result also reveals a good general parallelism between GCA effects and per se performance of parents for most of the characters. A similar trend of good parallelism was also observed between SCA effects and the per se performance of crosses (Table 4). The heterosis of crosses over higher parents for yield and yield components of pearl millet combined across locations and years are presented in Table 5. Positive high parent heterosis ranging between 1.69 to 114.05 % for total grain yield was recorded in forty-two out of the forty-five crosses. The result also revealed high level of high parent heterosis in grain yield/plant. The high parent heterosis of 85.13, 82.46, and 64.83 in the crosses IMV11-3-3SPT x LCIC9702, DMR22 x LCIC9702 and D2P29 x LCIC9702 in yield/plant was recorded. The result also showed that crosses, DMR22 x LCIC9702, EX-BORNO x IMV11-3-3SPT, D2P29 x DMR43, EX-BORNO x LCIC9702, BONKOK-SHORT x IMV11-3-3SPT, and D2P29 x EX-BORNO as had the best high parent heterosis for total grin yield. Of all the crosses, D2P29 x EX-BORNO, BONKOK-SHORT x D2P29, BONKOK-SHORT x IMV11-3-3SPT, DMR22 x IMV11-3-3SPT and EX-BORNO x IMV11-3-3SPT exhibited the highest high parent heterosis in tiller number. The result also revealed, LCIC9703-27 x SOSAT-C88, DMR43 x IMV11-3-3SPT, LCIC9702 x SOSAT-C88, ACC-1022-1-2SPT x BONKOK-SHORT and BONKOK-SHORT x SOSAT-C88 as having the highest and negative levels of high parent heterosis for downy mildew incidence. A positive high parent heterosis of up to 221.8 % of downy mildew incidence was recorded in the cross BONKOK-SHORT x LCIC9702. Generally, tremendous level of high parent heterosis was observed among the population, except in days to 50 % flowering, plant height and 1000-grain weight. The result also indicated significant and positive correlations between high parent heterosis and SCA effects for all the characters, except in number of tillers/plant, plant height, panicle length, and 1000-grain weight (Table 5).
DISCUSSIONS The presence of significant difference among the parental lines and the crosses of pearl millet population studied have been observed in all the characters. The presence of these differences therefore, indicated that an appreciable level of genetic variability existed in the pearl millet population. Falconer (1989) reported that the genetic improvements that can be obtained by selection among a number of parental lines and or crosses are dependent on the amount of variation existing between the population and the amount of selection applied. This therefore implies that the population generated would most likely respond to selection. The combining ability analysis of variance revealed the presence of additive and non-additive genetic effects as important in the control of the characters investigated. However, the ratio of GCA to SCA indicated that the major part of the total genetic variability for most of the characters were mainly due to non-additive genetic effects except for panicle length, number of seeds per/panicle and 1000-grain weight, suggesting that those characters were predominantly under the control of additive genetic effects. Contrasting results were reported by Nwasike et al. (1992), Chawdhary and Singh (1978) and Rao and Joshi (1979). The over all breeding implication of these results suggest that few of the characters of the pearl millet population could be improved through selection schemes like hybridization programs such as recurrent selection, which would necessitate the maintenance of heterozygosity in the population. Dogget and Eberhart (1968), Ahmad et al. (1979) and Kadams, (2000) also made similar recommendation in other self-pollinated crops. Panicle length, number of seeds/panicle and 1000-grain weight were at variance with this conclusion as they were under an additive genetic control. These characters could therefore, be improved through selection schemes such as the pedigree method or single seed descent method or any other modified selection capable of exploiting the fixable genetic variance. Under such a situation, the simultaneous exploitation of additive and non-additive components of genetic effects is advocated. Nwasike and Oyejola (1989) recommended the use of recurrent selection for population improvement in that respect. Since the variance due to GCA was lower than that due to SCA, it also means that non-additive genetic effects were more stable than additive genetic effects over the environments suggesting that more than one test environment is not necessary to get any reliable information on the characters involved among these populations. Similar results were reported by Nwasike et al. (1992). The general combining ability effects helps in identifying desirable parents in order to isolate desirable homozygotes from a segregating population. The highly significant and negative GCA effects displayed by BONKOK-SHORT and LCIC9702 in days to 50 % flowering, implies that these two parents when crossed together would most likely produce early or extra-early maturing crosses. Kimbeng and Nwasike (1994) and Kukadia et al. (1983) reported similar results. The parent D2P29 that was a good general combiner for downy mildew tolerance, because of its negative and significant GCA effect for downy mildew incidence could be suitable for incorporation into a breeding program for downy mildew disease tolerance. The parental line EX-BORNO that was reported by Ouendeba et al. (1993) to be tolerant to downy mildew disease however did not appear to show any significant and negative GCA effect for downy mildew incidence. This could be due in part to difference in the environments in which the two different studies were carried out. It could also be because; downy mildew disease strain in Nigeria has been reported to be the most virulent (Anaso et al. 1998). High level of correlations existing between GCA effects of parents and the parental line per se performance for most of the characters has a serious implication on crop improvement. Singh et al. (1982) reported that crossing two parents having a high general combining ability effects produced best performing crosses. Some authors have however expressed reservation and reported that the performance of a variety per se is not always a good indicator of their superior general combining abilities. Therefore in most cases parents could not be selected easily based on their GCA effects purely on the basis of their performance as varieties. Specific combining ability effects can be used to identify the best cross-combinations for hybrid production. The means (per se performances) of the best eleven crosses as well as the correlation coefficients between the per se performance and the SCA effects shows that the best crosses in terms of SCA effects, involved one or both of the best general combiners, namely BONKOK-SHORT, EX-BORNO, DMR43, DMR22, and D2P29. However, other poor general combiners frequently gave good cross-combinations, when they were crossed with best general combiners. Srivastava et al. (1978) and Kadams (2000), have suggested that when parents with high and low GCA effects are crossed, the poor parent could throw up desirable transgressive segregates giving rise to a new population. However, they added that, this is only possible if the additive genetic system present in the good combiner and the complimentary epistasis present in the crosses act in a complimentary fashion to maximize the desirable plant attributes which could be further exploited in further breeding programs. The corresponding means of the best crosses as well as the existence of high levels of correlation between means and SCA effects for all the characters except, number of tillers/plant, and 1000-grain weight connotes that the per se performance could be used to predict the best crosses, eliminating the cumbersome calculations of SCA effects. The presence of heterosis for different traits of pearl millet has been reported in a number of studies. Virk (1988) and Presterl and Weltzien (2003) gave a detailed review. Most estimates of heterosis were obtained by using diallel with inbred parents as in this study and therefore comparable. Ouendeba et al. (1993) investigated heterosis and combining ability among five African pearl millet landraces in contrast to this study where heterosis were investigated among ten parental lines. Barker (1978) reported that estimate of heterosis and combining ability becomes effective only when the parental lines are not less than ten in a diallel. Negative heterosis for downy mildew incidence in pearl millet is very desirable, implying a possibility of breeding downy mildew tolerant cultivars. Crosses producing higher and negative heterosis in downy mildew incidence were among those that recorded higher negative SCA effects. Chawdhry and Singh (1978) reported similar results where higher SCA effects were reflected in higher heterotic responses among crosses. SCA effects could therefore be used in some cases to predict or identify high level of heterosis among crosses. However, in some instances high heterotic response of a cross does not always mean high performance of the cross as well. This is because high heterosis of a cross may be due to relatively poor performance of one of the parents. Plant height and panicle length are characteristics that are considered by local farmers in choosing pearl millet cultivars in northern Nigeria. Longer plants are useful, since the straws can be used for bedding, building and thatching. Shorter plants on the other hand are also desirable in this particular environment because of their tolerance to strong windy conditions that could cause lodging. The present study identified the crosses, EX-BORNO x SOSAT-C88 and IMV11-3-3SPT x LCIC9702, as having the longest plant height with high levels of high parent heterosis, while ACC-1022-1-2SPT x BONKOK-SHORT as having the shortest plant height. However, DMR43 x IMV11-3-3SPT, IMV11-3-3SPT x LCIC9702 and IMV11-3-3SPT x SOSAT-C88 could be the most desired cross combinations for developing varieties with longer panicle length, because they exhibited high level of high parent heterosis in panicle length. The crosses ACC-1022-1-2SPT x BONKOK-SHORT, D2P29 x LCIC9703-27 and LCIC9702 x LCIC9703-27, recorded high levels of high parent heterosis in 1000-grain weight and could be recommended for increased total grain yield. Significant and positive level of heterosis for 1000-grain weight was reported by Nwasike et al. (1992) in pearl millet. This study concludes that the SCA variance was greater than the GCA variance for most of the characters among the pearl millet population, indicating non-additive genetic effects as the most important in the control of the characters studied. Since non-additive gene action was more important for grain yield, simple recurrent selection that emphasizes selection for SCA could be employed in the breeding program. The study also concludes that an astounding level of variability existed in the population because of the enormous level of high parent heterosis among the crosses, indicating a possibility for the production of pearl millet hybrid varieties.
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Table 1: Mean squares of entries and analysis of variance for combining ability in a 10 X 10 diallel cross of pearl millet, combined across locations (Maiduguri and Yola) and years (2004 and 2005).
Sources of Variation Df Days to 50% flowering. No. of tillers / plant. No. of leaves / plant. Downy mildew incidence (%) Plant height (cm) Panicle length (cm) No. of seeds / panicle 1000-grain wt.(g) Threshing % Grain yield / plant (g) Grain yield (kg/ha) Year 1 12023.465** 38.305** 593.752** 3401.913** 145726.076* 28.546 949319.64 5.447 3858.693** 1150.75* 3050913.91** Location 1 1071.638** 4.583* 2397.824** 150.112 7845.062* 580.81** 85116754.98** 6.875 27001.226** 19806.585** 4662672.07** Rep/Location 4 17.592 1.045 52.585* 295.593* 2957.701* 25.169 593193.8 6.897 403.131* 361.309 611726.71* Crosses 44 23.208** 0.431 21.163 118.894* 1111.802* 92.314** 603710.31 3.847 99.883 131.933 170527.34 Parents 9 18.065 0.689 17.222 107.366 2017.254* 236.531** 1398635.83* 0.899 91.721 77.551 50638.32 Entries 54 48.99** 0.547 30.172** 134.387* 2826.993** 258.329** 1178341.79** 6.663 133.476 165.736* 357260.96** Year X Location 1 765.941** 0.341 3.206 172.626 22256.954** 181.472* 7539570.98* 2.647 18850.53** 9820.694** 10047516.93** Year X Parent 9 8.21 0.201 14.723 43.937 562.82 10.911 444656.85 1.931 73.092 140.796 159736.17 Year X Entries 54 9.79 0.369 8.414 72.742 521.65 16.715 516737.49 2.755 97.526 97.969 113649.56 Year X Location X Entr. 54 20.30** 0.395 14.576 46.714 1122.899** 12.963 801148.59* 3.903 423.607 265.3** 259882.16** Location X Parents 9 26.73 0.377 12.513 139.142 729.174 21.352 628349.37 1.341 82.144 192.587 295204.78* Location X Entries 54 11.02 0.369 14.555 73.158 714.259 14.556 577551.27 3.452 177.25 113.562 16210.06 Parents X Crosses 1 548.017** 5.643** 177.232* 115.864 70.87** 87.051 947769.75 11.383 19.037 1209.996* 8348714.218** GCA 9 112.538** 0.441 12.911 269.111** 4589.895** 849.192** 2391364.92** 13.56** 171.625 94.901 204495.29 SCA 45 30.157** 0.598 25.116* 83.79 1657.248** 80.207** 436522.43 3.835 125.272 117.377 292038.10** GCA X Location 9 28.254** 0.254 12.089 99.367 774.325 23.931 335857.54 1.23 70.773 153.908 259721.92 SCA X Location 45 9.12 0.33 13.248 104.497* 724.261 16.057 409541.64 4.745 167.354* 98.133 103469.14 GCA X Year 9 28.26 0.196 11.741 106.566 1076.322 89.553** 529963.41 3.919 126.07 80.767 54885.71 SCA X Year 45 10.517 0.355 10.956 74.344 598.614 29.786 369998.23 3.104 74.282 92.274 96701.63 GCA X Year X Location 9 18.445 0.75 11.795 74.111 497.926 17.024 369884.49 3.597 200.674 145.187 118156.733 Pooled error 409 9.025 0.355 14.694 58.547 606.736 20.361 550391.3 2.973 93.116 99.23 119185.4 GCA:SCA - 0.408 0.351 0.001 0.695 0.316 1.154 1.347 1.023 0.203 0.199 0.29
Table 2: Estimates of general combining ability effects for yield and yield components in ten pearl millet inbred lines, combined across locations (Maiduguri and Yola) and years (2004 and 2005).
S/NO. Parental lines Days to 50% flowering. No. of tillers / plant. No. of leaves / plant. Downy mildew incidence (%) Plant height(cm) Panicle length(cm) No. of seeds / panicle 1000-grain weight(g) Threshing% Grain yield / plant (g). Grain yield(kg/ha) 1 ACC-1022-1-2SPT -0.38 -0.028 -0.247 -1.518 1.612 1.9 219.625 -0.255 0.912 -3.353 -67.01 2 BONKOK SHORT -4.110** 0.032 -1.065 -1.562 -23.088** -14.605** -810.733** 1.955** 4.495 -1.246 -59.441 3 D2P29 0.477 0.007 -0.675 -4.371* 9.98 2.835* 94.707 -0.437 -2.809 0.68 17.946 4 DMR43 2.008** 0.006 0.753 -1.145 10.499* 7.449** 306.602* 0.047 -2.666 3.155 88.091 5 DMR22 2.392** -0.162 -0.122 1.92 10.810* 2.933** 236.178 -0.149 -0.591 -0.19 -4.366 6 EX-BORNO 1.259* 0.141 0.851 1.519 4.375 -0.927 101.813 0.039 -1.415 0.935 3.941 7 IMV 11-3-3SPT 0.144 -0.04 0.503 2.919 1.159 1.664 52.39 -.818* -1.308 0.694 35.459 8 LCIC9702 -1.565** 0.03 0.227 0.189 -16.243** -0.684 -77.85 -0.155 2.333 0.285 48.657 9 LCIC9703-27 -0.219 -0.004 -0.288 2.578* 1.196 -0.442 -128.58 -0.265 1.034 -0.954 -48.587 10 SOSAT-C88 -0.006 0.018 0.064 -0.528 -0.301 -0.125 5.848 0.038 0.015 -0.006 -14.69 LSD(0.05) 4.806 NS NS 12.245 39.419 7.221 118.726 2.759 NS NS NS LSD(0.01) 6.317 NS NS 16.094 51.808 9.491 156.04 3.626 NS NS NS r (Mean & GCA) 0.629 0.088 0.698* 0.55 0.962** 0.919** 0.694* 0.865** 0.643* 0.136 0.4
Table 3: Estimates of specific combining ability effects for yield and yield component characters among 45 Cross of pearl millet, combined across locations (Maiduguri and Yola) and years (2004 and 2005).
Pedigree Days to 50% flowering No.of tillers/plant. No.of leaves /plant. Downy mildew incid. (%) Plant height (cm) Panicle length (cm) No.of leaves / plant 1000-grain weight (g) Threshing% Grain yield/ plant (g). Grain yield (kg/ha)
S/NO. Cross
1 1X2 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X BONKOK SHORT 2.138 -0.135 1.852 -3.407 9.381 9.484** 551.663 -1.291 -2.412 -0.175 56.882
2 1X3 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X D2P29 -0.679 -0.13 0.663 2.022 -3.77 -0.173 296.124 0.113 4.382 1.054 39.316
3 1X4 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X DMR43 1.684 0.297 -0.074 1.598 0.993 -5.216 328.678 0.146 7.877 -0.733 16.378
4 1X5 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X DMR22 -0.977 -0.168 1.707 -3.244 1.405 -2.471 108.084 -0.774 2.907 -2.999 -79.982
5 1X6 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X EX-BORNO -2.334 0.208 -2.289 -3.444 -7.464 1.174 -264.897 0.44 -0.572 0.237 59.409
6 1X7 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X IMV11-3-3SPT -0.114 -46 -1.325 -2.971 7.392 -0.953 187.958 0.544 -0.744 0.079 67.821
7 1X8 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X LCIC9702 0.164 -0.017 2.042 0.559 8.85 -1.251 -274.796 0.168 -7.103 -4.826 -103.297
8 1X9 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X LCIC9703-27 0.725 -0.307 -2.263 -2.677 -14.92 -1.826 119.975 0.163 2.535 0.414 33.405
9 1X10 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X SOSAT-C88 0.219 0.131 -1.064 8.977 1.765 0.75 -372.441 0.478 -3.495 2.862 26.508
10 2X3 BONKOK SHORT X D2P29 -0.008 0.065 0.857 1.633 -15.778 -6.521** -302.712 0.657 4.366 -1.485 -57.477
11 2X4 BONKOK SHORT X DMR43 -0.887 0.057 -0.477 1.295 0.346 -5.917* -243.346 3.206** 1.15 -5.133 -195.95
12 2X5 BONKOK SHORT X DMR22 -1.646* 0.263 0.622 5.381 6.807 -4.161 -189.608 0.829 1.951 4.341 161.93
13 2X6 BONKOK SHORT X EX-BORNO -4.355** -0.055 0.025 1.175 9.574 -1.362 -185.882 0.906 5.295 2.536 168.873
14 2X7 BONKOK SHORT X IM11-3-3SPT -2.238 0.522 2.209 -5.683 0.983 -1.977 -202.212 -0.031 -4.483 1.321 155.554
15 2X8 BONKOK SHORT X LCIC9702 -1.832 0.099 -1.11 7.188 3.672 0.706 36.229 -0.386 4.577 -2.231 -14.627
16 2X9 BONKOK SHORT X LCIC9703-27 -0.484 0.083 0.595 -2.501 1.692 -0.13 -53.049 -0.434 0.735 -0.396 146.244
17 2X10 BONKOK SHORT X SOSAT-C88 4.493** -0.326 -1.813 -3.383 -0.96 5.644 294.032 -1.803 -8.331 3.057 -118.092
18 3X4 D2P29 X DMR43 -1.828 0.057 -0.238 4.504 1.34 -3.858 -227.768 -0.046 2.975 1.266 203.408
19 3X5 D2P29 X DMR22 -0.114 0.207 1.015 -1.606 -1.186 -3.998 18.745 -0.103 -3.636 -2.637 32.124
20 3X6 D2P29 X EX-BORNO -0.503 -0.056 -0.801 -2.192 -0.289 2.416 122.804 0.142 -1.297 2.502 224.263
21 3X7 D2P29 X IMV11-3-3SPT 0.277 -0.233 -3.134 0.483 7.684 2.364 508.728 -0.231 5.428 3.004 154.678
22 3X8 D2P29 X LCIC9702 0.645 0.249 1.833 -1.871 19.656 3.77 111.666 -0.08 -1.252 6.545 154.204
23 3X9 D2P29 X LCIC9703-27 -1.286 0.455 2.641 -1.943 14.803 4.105 -55.946 0.525 -1.663 4.897 51.732
24 3X10 D2P29 X SOSAT-C88 -2.293 -0.181 -0.729 -0.954 -5.593 2.011 -354.14 -0.904 -8.775 -10.6 -495.727*
25 4X5 DMR43 X DMR22 -1.262 0.327 2.759 -3.219 -29.48 1.78 215.399 0.358 -0.079 2.923 114.661
26 4X6 DMR43 X EX-BORNO 0.025 0.485 1.152 -1.766 16.968 1.575 -268.784 0.121 -7.602 1.49 64.578
27 4X7 DMR43 X IMV11-3-3SPT 2.1 -0.316 -1.353 -7.634 0.387 9.306** 248.965 -0.114 2.753 6.808 168.614
28 4X8 DMR43 X LCIC9702 1.054 -0.3 -0.414 -1.167 11.328 3.433 192.583 -0.431 -8.375 3.826 249.875
29 4X9 DMR43 X LCIC9703-27 -2.203 0.271 1.3 5.605 2.641 1.176 85.218 -0.573 0.532 2.841 -36.553
30 4X10 DMR43 X SOSAT-C88 3.228 -0.577 -1.743 0.032 6.5 1.198 177.13 -1.421 -0.937 -8.211 -288.399
31 5X6 DMR22 X EX- BORNO 1.022 -0.24 0.324 -1.334 3.912 -1.861 513.244 -0.361 3.462 -0.296 21.467
32 5X7 DMR22 X IMV11-3-3SPT 1.58 0.392 2.758 -0.9 17.139 -0.645 -42.695 0.347 -5.365 2.607 62.935
33 5X8 DMR22 X LCIC9702 0.408 -0.091 -0.803 -1.599 27.256 0.596 460.298 -0.138 -2.093 5.29 299.555
34 5X9 DMR22 X LCIC9703-27 0.652 -0.272 0.285 -0.917 12.068 3.926 318.309 0.329 7.914 4.359 232.658
35 5X10 DMR22 X SOSAT-C88 0.333 -0.257 -6.079* 2.85 -22.466 4.589 -650.767 -0.107 -3.071 -7.458 -606.422**
36 6X7 EX-BORNO X IMV11-3-3SPT -1.346 0.414 2.858 8.173 -12.493 -4.2 -78.459 0.669 4.735 -1.107 87.452
37 6X8 EX-BORNO X LCIC9702 -0.402 0.299 0.342 -1.325 -2.083 -2.4 -192.99 0.246 -2.239 -2.316 44.156
38 6X9 EX-BORNO X LCIC9703-27 0.961 -0.505 -3.05 0.527 11.812 0.503 -79.731 -0.374 -3.467 -4.575 -43.55
39 6X10 EX-BORNO X SOSAT-C88 3.481 -0.146 1.926 0.814 -0.133 1.646 167.269 -1.001 1.408 0.033 -272.978
40 7X8 IMV11-3-3SPT X LCIC9702 -0.135 -0.027 2.345 7.32 18.57 3.525 109.866 -0.289 -0.234 3.204 -118.275
41 7X9 IMV11-3-3SPT X LCIC9703-27 0.058 0.144 -0.713 0.557 9.166 0.827 2.616 -0.462 -5.766 -3.098 -68.348
42 7X10 IMV11-3-3SPT X SOSAT-C88 -0.777 -0.369 -1.377 -0.659 -20.843 -3.883 -217.381 -0.096 1.999 -4.831 -182.011
43 8X9 LCIC9702 X LCIC9703-27 -3.728* 0.187 0.851 2.261 -5.824 -0.886 -191.243 0.983 3.993 1.832 62.939
44 8X10 LCIC9702 X SOSAT-C88 0.745 -0.24 -3.708 -7.631 -49.552** -5.215 -51.632 0.163 9.413 -4.889 -220.158
45 9X10 LCIC9703-27 X SOSAT-C88 2.237 0.104 1.008 -2.066 -17.972 -5.04 -4.63 0.069 0.755 -2.364 -155.682
LSD(0.05) 4.806 0.954 6.133 12.245 39.419 7.221 1187.26 2.769 15.443 15.94 552.487
LSD(0.01) 6.317 1.252 8.061 16.094 51.808 9.491 1560.4 3.626 20.296 20.95 726.126
r (SCA & Means) 0.425** 0.008 0.693** 0.470** 0.315* 0.306* 0.379* 0.2 0.481** 0.461** 0.425**
____________________________________________________________________
Table 4: Best performing parents and crosses on the basis of per se and combining ability for certain characters in a diallel cross.
Characters Parents (per se) General combiners Specific combiners Crosses (per se)
Days to 50 % flowering ACC-1022-1-2SPT BONKOK-SHORT BONKOK-SHORT x EX-BORNO BONKOK-SHORT x EX-BORNO Number of tillers ACC-1022-1-2SPT EX-BORNO DMR43 x EX-BORNO BONKOK-SHORT x IMV11-3-3SPT Number of leaves SOSAT-C88 DMR43 IMV11-3-3SPT x LCIC9702 EX-BORNO x IMV11-3-3SPT Downy mildew incidence D2P29 D2P29 LCIC9703-27 x SOSAT-C88 DMR43 x IMV11-3-3SPT Plant height DMR43 DMR22 DMR43 x SOSAT-C88 DMR22 x LCIC9702 Panicle length DMR22 DMR43 DMR43 x IMV11-3-3SPT ACC-1022-2SPT x BONKOK-SHORT Number of seeds/panicle SOSAT-C88 DMR43 DMR43 x SOSAT-C88 ACC-1022-2SPT x BONKOK-SHORT 1000- grain weight BONKOK-SHORT BONKOK-SHORT ACC-1022-2SPTxBONKOK-SHORT BONKOK-SHORT x DMR43 Threshing % LCIC9702 BONKOK-SHORT D2P29 x IMV11-3-3SPT LCIC9702 x SOSAT-C88 Grain yield per plant EX-BORNO DMR43 DMR43 x EX-BORNO DMR43 x IMV11-3-3SPT Grain yield per hectare ACC-1022-1-2SPT DMR43 D2P29 x DMR43 DMR22 x LCIC9702 ____________________________________________________________________
Table 5: Heterosis of crosses over high parent for yield and yield component characters of pearl millet, combined across locations and years.
S/NO Cross Pedigree Days to 50% flowering No. of tillers / plant. No. of leaves / plant. Downy mildew incid. (%) Plant height (cm) Panicle length (cm) No. of seeds / panicle 1000-grain weight (g) Threshing% Grain yield / plant (g) Grain yield (kg/ha)
1 1X2 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X BONKOK SHORT -6.6 15.58 -3.37 -81.02 -11 -35.39 19.62 18.59 -9.47 -12.77 21.14
2 1X3 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X D2P29 -4.26 -8.67 3.5 -58.45 3.57 -2.41 4.23 0.78 -5.61 10.23 52.2
3 1X4 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X DMR43 -3.66 -7.65 -6.47 9.42 3.53 -6.14 -11.78 12.77 -2.63 -8.27 30.47
4 1X5 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X DMR22 -0.43 -12.24 11.78 -72.73 4.85 -9.91 1.41 -2.23 -0.44 -19.08 9.38
5 1X6 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X EX-BORNO -6.5 1.02 -8.35 -78.25 1 -9.98 -26.07 7.29 1.82 10.55 28.27
6 1X7 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X IMV11-3-3SPT -3.45 -4.59 -4.01 -64.13 3.81 -6.77 -32.24 -2.05 -8.98 -4.19 27.37
7 1X8 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X LCIC9702 -5.45 -5.61 8.8 -33.66 -7.81 -18.35 -16.9 -5.33 -19.56 -32.17 -3.35
8 1X9 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X LCIC9703-27 -2.58 -9.05 -18.63 -75.02 -1.55 -14.23 -0.56 2.38 6.41 -12.08 -1.69
9 1X10 ACC-1022-1-2SPT X SOSAT-C88 -7.78 -1.53 -7.42 -54.43 4.27 -6.8 -22.48 6.27 -5.91 -5.3 35.34
10 2X3 BONKOK SHORT X D2P29 -8.32 49.18 36.24 -68.09 -4.11 -38.68 -43.04 -16.95 -2.8 37.77 39.86
11 2X4 BONKOK SHORT X DMR43 -6.33 6.1 0.84 -13.34 1.31 -28.08 -31.18 13.1 -5.09 -21.62 5.93
12 2X5 BONKOK SHORT X DMR22 -6.06 27.33 22.72 -37.01 3.95 -37.04 -13.38 -12.61 -2.56 60.54 85.28
13 2X6 BONKOK SHORT X EX-BORNO -13.55 11.18 10.57 -29.67 9.12 -34.02 -48.79 -7.07 -0.78 -0.67 88.81
14 2X7 BONKOK SHORT X IM11-3-3SPT -6.88 41.67 17.25 -77.18 10.78 -21 -27.98 -12.48 -6.73 36.82 93.45
15 2X8 BONKOK SHORT X LCIC9702 -7.65 -11.73 -8.81 221.8 12.11 -14.44 -23.46 -13.78 2.55 1.15 50.68
16 2X9 BONKOK SHORT X LCIC9703-27 -10.33 -3.02 4.26 -69.05 -1.83 -19.41 -24.65 -19.98 -2.34 -15.42 78.75
17 2X10 BONKOK SHORT X SOSAT-C88 -9.21 24.54 9.29 -79.91 15.88 -9.86 -36.4 -12.76 -11.45 16.96 55.87
18 3X4 D2P29 X DMR43 -2.75 -11.59 1.75 126.41 10.66 3.15 1.8 9.03 2.03 16.58 96.9
19 3X5 D2P29 X DMR22 -0.23 -27.33 18.62 -35.45 10.5 -8.31 16.19 2.9 0.58 12.06 60.34
20 3X6 D2P29 X EX-BORNO -5.56 -3.11 -7.75 23.97 7.51 -5.13 3.22 6.19 2.94 1.74 89.29
21 3X7 D2P29 X IMV11-3-3SPT -3.9 -17.61 -13.63 91.16 6.94 -0.49 21.09 -3.46 7.41 22.02 81.35
22 3X8 D2P29 X LCIC9702 -7.03 -10.71 6.25 -13.74 3.17 -1.92 9.44 1.67 5.59 64.83 80.07
23 3X9 D2P29 X LCIC9703-27 -6.73 -17.59 0.7 -12.34 11.35 -1.25 -7.09 13.49 7.77 16.08 49.85
24 3X10 D2P29 X SOSAT-C88 -4.41 -8.59 -3.2 -24.73 10.69 -6.5 -11.17 -5.02 -2.48 -37.95 18.69
25 4X5 DMR43 X DMR22 -3.11 18.29 19.78 -50.1 -4.49 2.88 -7.41 10.16 0.63 13.06 42.09
26 4X6 DMR43 X EX-BORNO -3.23 53.05 18.94 -32.52 8.75 -6.03 -6.02 10.28 -10.91 60.71 65.62
27 4X7 DMR43 X IMV11-3-3SPT -1.38 -7.93 -1.04 -91.01 3.51 11.22 2.84 3.22 -2.12 42.65 58.33
28 4X8 DMR43 X LCIC9702 -7.53 -4.08 5.51 -27.04 -1.06 5.67 -9.04 5.78 -12.15 31.52 82.38
29 4X9 DMR43 X LCIC9703-27 -7.89 5.03 6.23 3.09 7.78 -9.94 -10.16 6.58 -1.41 30.64 23.92
30 4X10 DMR43 X SOSAT-C88 -3.37 3.05 -2.29 -61.7 13.83 3.06 12.78 6.21 -7.89 1.07 53.22
31 5X6 DMR22 X EX- BORNO -1.02 6.21 9.06 -54.67 7.76 -22.25 3.22 7.29 11.73 -6.01 48.59
32 5X7 DMR22 X IMV11-3-3SPT -2.26 37.33 9.41 -13.91 10.25 -7.92 0.87 -2.79 -15.45 54.49 73.25
33 5X8 DMR22 X LCIC9702 -4.4 -10.2 2.76 -63.87 11.2 -15.06 28.32 0 -4.31 82.46 114.05
34 5X9 DMR22 X LCIC9703-27 -4.04 -17.59 0.57 -47.65 12.97 -3.67 9.32 5.44 7.45 28.13 63.13
35 5X10 DMR22 X SOSAT-C88 -4.39 17.18 -22.33 -77.44 2.66 -8.25 -11.03 5.44 -3.67 -12.78 -16.62
36 6X7 EX-BORNO X IMV11-3-3SPT -7.28 34.16 19.63 66.05 5.22 -8.26 -18.33 5.64 -12.51 -0.34 107.23
37 6X8 EX-BORNO X LCIC9702 -9.17 2.04 5.84 29.2 -0.63 -12.84 -21.95 6.41 -9.64 -16.69 91.63
38 6X9 EX-BORNO X LCIC9703-27 -7.16 -18.59 -14.18 -16.59 7.98 -4.48 -21.95 3.31 0.69 -26.42 69.79
39 6X10 EX-BORNO X SOSAT-C88 -4.31 19.63 -3.2 -59.97 17.97 -10.34 2.36 1.1 -9.16 -17.83 37.83
40 7X8 IMV11-3-3SPT X LCIC9702 -5.08 2.04 24.59 -20.26 21.67 20.88 7.32 -0.78 1.99 85.13 67.1
41 7X9 IMV11-3-3SPT X LCIC9703-27 -5.65 -0.5 -5.85 -41.85 -1.66 7.2 -5.56 -8.63 -9.77 1.19 15.97
42 7X10 IMV11-3-3SPT X SOSAT-C88 -9.85 19.63 -0.6 -68.62 13.83 11.17 -7.01 3.98 -5 20.75 49.84
43 8X9 LCIC9702 X LCIC9703-27 -11.29 1.51 5.34 -22.37 -2.83 0.69 -4.07 15 -1.44 36.4 88.81
44 8X10 LCIC9702 X SOSAT-C88 -10.77 6.12 -7.6 -86.67 6.8 2.55 -2.06 3.22 1.63 6.32 50.56
45 9X10 LCIC9703-27 X SOSAT-C88 -7.72 15.58 4.95 -99.42 6.21 1.07 -10.66 3.18 1.9 12.39 27.98
r (Heterosis & SCA ) 0.300* 0.087 0.711** 0.537** 0.207 0.25 0.545** 0.194 0.523** 0.663** 0.648**
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A sword with a blade on either side of the hilt. It is an extensively technical weapon, and you can find it in Sacred and Sacred:Underworld.
- Declined. We cannot accept unsourced suggestions or sources that are not reliable per the verifiability policy. Please provide sources with your suggestions. Harryboyles 06:18, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
Max Geer
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max geer
max geer born august 17th 1951
he founded arby's
Sources
www.cia.gov arbys history www.arbys.com
personal knowledge www.arbys.com
216.167.223.145 15:50, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
- Declined. We cannot accept unsourced suggestions or sources that are not reliable per the verifiability policy. Please provide sources with your suggestions. Note that personal knowledge does not count as a legitimate source. Harryboyles 06:18, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
Modified Condition/Decision Coverage
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Modified Condition/Decision Coverage (MCDC) is a form of software testing or verification. In MCDC testing, every line of source code is executed at least once, and every condition is executed in every possible state. Consider for example the following code: if (A and B and C) then process1(); else process2(); end if; First all variables in the condition are set to true and the code is executed. Process1 should be called (Note that MCDC is intrinsically a form of unit test, so the actual procedure process1 will not be called, but a stub will that will verity execution got to the correct place). Then on the next code run, A will be set to false, causing the whole condition to be false and process2 to be called. On the third run, A will be reset to true, but B will be set to false, and on the final run, C will be set to false with A and B being set to true. This verifies that all values can be set and have the desired effect on code execution. The FAA requires safety critical code in aircraft to be tested to the MCDC level. Sourceshttp://www.tc.faa.gov/its/worldpac/techrpt/ar01-18.pdf 4.156.153.183 16:02, 1 November 2006 (UTC) |
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BOOT.INI
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Please redirect BOOT.INI to NTLDR
- Article created. Thank you for your contribution to Wikipedia! Harryboyles 06:27, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
O2GO
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O2GO is notable because it encourages consumers to refill and practice the reuse of water bottles from readily availiable sources such as a watercooler in the office or the tap at home rather than purchase bottled water which contributes to recycling of PET Bottles on a massive scale. O2GO ingredients
SourcesO2GO Website Food Manufacture News SANTEAU Website
Jyates 16:34, 1 November 2006 (UTC) |
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Million Dollar Murder
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Sourceswww.myspace.com/milliondollarmurder 204.39.20.10 16:43, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
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The McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crop Research Program
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The Collaborative Crop Research Program (CCRP) is a competitive grants program funded by The McKnight Foundation for the purpose of increasing food security for resource-poor people in developing countries. Our vision is "a world in which all people have access to the food they need on the terms they can afford, and produced in ways that can be sustained by the wise management of local resources and are consistent with cultural values and nutritional requirements for a healthy and productive life" (<a href="http://mcknight.ccrp.cornell.edu/about/vision.html" target="_blank">Vision page</a>). The program began in 1993 as a $12 million, six-year effort to support agricultural research aimed at helping developing countries. It has since evolved through three phases. In 1995, nine collaborative projects received grants (Phase I). These projects were in Brazil, Chile, China, Ethiopia, India, Mexico, Peru, Uganda, and Zimbabwe. In 2000, the Foundation committed another $41.5 million over nine years (Phase II). During the first funding cycle of Phase II, 16 projects received funds. Beginning in 2002, the CCRP began a cycle of grant-making aimed at funding clusters of projects in geographic regions where food insecurity is both pronounced and likely to benefit from crop research investment (Phase III). In 2005-2006, sets of grants were initiated in the Andes, Eastern and Southern Africa, and the Sahel region of West Africa. An important component of this new strategy is providing financial and logistical support for regional CoPs made up of the CCRP-funded project teams. The project teams are composed of members/representatives from a variety of professions and institutions, and they have complementary insights and perspectives that can boost the group's collective understanding of regionally important agro-ecosystems and the complex socio-economic, cultural, and biophysical conditions that influence them. By providing support for annual CoP meetings and exchange visits for the projects in each region, the CCRP hopes to foster synergies and to encourage the teams to improve their project's effectiveness. CoP interactions allow participants to engage in open and constructive discussions of how to best manage the common research and development challenges they face as they attempt to improve food and nutritional security in the region. The CCRP Program is led by Program Director Rebecca Nelson. Sources<a href="http://mcknight.ccrp.cornell.edu/" target="_blank">The McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crop Research Program</a>
Accepted: See McKnight Foundation Collaborative Crop Research Program. Your text is in the first edit. I wound up gutting it and rewriting it for WP:NPOV. |
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Hyndland Secondary
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SourcesHyndland Secondary is the best school ever -->
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MILTON ROGOVIN
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Milton Rogovin was born in New York City in 1909. After graduating from Columbia University, Milton moved to Buffalo in 1938, setting up his own optometry business. In 1942, he married a woman by the name of Anne Snetsky. In that same year, he was inducted into the army, working as an optometrist. After being discharged from the army, Milton and his wife Anne had three children: two daughters (Ellen and Paula), and one son (Mark). He was called before the House un-American Activities Committee in 1952. Along with many other Americans, Milton was subject and victim of the Communist witch-hunts. The incident inspired Milton to turn to photography as a means of expression. For Milton, photography was a means to, above all else, keep his voice from being silenced. In his life, Milton has traveled throughout the world, taking numerous photographs, and earning highly-accredited awards. Still, out of all his work, his most impressive feat was in the development of “The Forgotten One’s.” In the work, Milton captured over a hundred families from Buffalo’s lower west side. Milton’s started the project in 1972, completing it more than thirty years later (in 2003), at the age of 92. In 1999, the Library of Congress collected more than one thousand of Rogovin’s prints. Today, Rogovin is acknowledged not only as an exceptional artist, but as a hero of working class people. Sourcesa. http://www.miltonrogovin.com/biography.php b. http://www.loc.gov/rr/print/coll/238_rogo.html c. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=1298160 d. http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0348/is_n4_v38/ai_20535760/pg_1
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Jay Poole
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Sources
72.38.36.87 17:54, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
- Declined. We cannot accept blank suggestions. Please consider submitting to Wikipedia:Requested articles instead. Harryboyles 06:29, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
Kill Poet Press & Journal
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Kill Poet is an online journal and small indie publisher based in Los Angeles. Their goal is to propagate the agitated voice of urban poetry. They can be found at www.killpoet.com Sourceswww.killpoet.com
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Professor Russ Grier
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Russ Grier is a Forensics teacher at Pascack Valley High School. He was born on November 4, 1977. He received his training to teach the course and Syracuse University and is considered a professor there. He also teaches Botany and is an avid environmentalist. During his college years, he spent semesters abroad learning different languages. As of right now, he’s fluent in English, Turkish, Chinese, Hindi, German, Japanese, and is learning Korean and Italian whilst attending night classes at a local school. Post college, he backpacked around Europe and Asia broadening his education on various world cultures. Lastly, before teaching, he served in the Peace Corps for 5 years in Papua New Guinea, helping to build huts for the locals. Russ Grier is well known throughout the school for his kind words of inspiration and good advice. Students often go to him with food as offerings in return for his profound teaching abilities. He’s also known to the students as a guest star on the popular 90s game show “Where in the World is Carmen Sandiego”, although he denies it on a daily basis.
Sourceshttp://pascackvrhs.schoolwires.com Jbender07 18:08, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
Sources216.170.86.184 18:11, 1 November 2006 (UTC) Declined: insufficiently notable. davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 02:56, 29 July 2007 (UTC) |
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Baselios Thomas
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Catholicos Aboon Mor Baselios Thomas I is the spiritual head of the 15 million Syrian Christians of India, a Christian community believed to have been established by Apostle St. Thomas in a place called Maliyankara, near Paravur in South India in AD. 52. His Beatitude was enthroned as the Catholicos and the head of the Church of India on 26th July 2002 in a solemn function officiated by the Patriarch of Antioch and all the East and the Supreme head of the Universal Syrian Church, H.H. Ignatius Zakka I Iwas, at the St. Peter & St. Paul Cathedral in Mor Ephrem Monastery, Ma`arat Sayyidnaya, near Damascus, Syria. He is also the President of the regional Episcopal Synod since 1999 and the Metropolitan Trustee of Malankara Jacobite Syrian Christian Association. Late lamented Aboon Mor Baselios Paulose II of blessed memory was his immediate predecessor in the seat of the holy Catholicos.
Mor Baselios Thomas I was born in the Cheruvillil family of Vadayambadi, Puthenkuriz to Mathai and Kunjamma on 22nd July 1929. Early part of his life was full of sufferings. Though he belonged to an aristocratic family, by the time he was born the family had seen bad days. As a child he had frequent bouts of illness which affected his education. His mother used to take the young boy frequently to the nearby Malecuriz Dayro where the relics of late Patriarch St. Ignatius Elias III and Saint Gregorios Geevarghese (Parumala Thirumeni) had been interred. One night, as his mother prayed with the young boy on her lap, she had a vision which prompted her to dedicate the boy to the service of the church. Within days, the boy's illness was entirely cured. God was with him, guiding him and shaping him.
His priestly formation was under the guidance of Mor Philoxenos Paulose (late Catholicos Mor Baselios Paulose II) who ordained him 'Korooyo' in 1952 and 'Shamshono' at Kadamattom Church in 1957. In August 1958, C M Thomas was ordained 'Kassisso' (full priest) by Mor Yulius Elias at the Majanikkara Dayro. In 1959 he was appointed as the vicar of St.Peter's church, Puthencuriz. Later he served the churches at Vellathooval, Keezhumuri, Fort Cochin, Valamboor, Calcutta and Thrissur. For a period of seven years from 1967, he was the organizing secretary of Kolenchery Medical Mission Hospital. He also served as the Chief organizer of the North Indian mission at Bhilai in 1970's and as the secretary of the 'Pourasthaya Suvishesha Samajam' in 1974. He was well known as a great revivalist preacher and was also recognized as an excellent organizer.
In January 1974, Fr. C M Thomas was elected to the episcopate by the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Christian Association convened at the Karingachira St. George Church and was consecrated Metropolitan with the title 'Mor Dionysius' by H.H. Mor Ignatius Ya`qub III on 24th February 1974 at Damascus, Syria. He was entrusted with the charge of Angamali diocese, the largest of all the Syrian Orthodox dioceses which has a membership of more than half a million. The untiring efforts of Mor Dionysius in those days had helped a lot to revive the confidence of not merely the faithful of the diocese, but the entire Malankara Church. Metropolitans Mor Dionysius, Mor Gregorios Geevarghese (late) and Mor Koorilos Kuriakose (late) together were a great support to the (late) Catholicos Aboon Mor Baselios Paulose II, the then Chief of the Malankara Jacobite Syrian Orthodox Church. As the Metropolitan of Angamali Mor Dionysius had successfully initiated many welfare programs and also reorganized the diocesan administration. In 1978 Mor Baselios Medical Mission Hospital at Kothamangalam was started under his patron-ship.
Catholicos-designate
Following the demise of Mor Baselios Paulose II in 1996, Mor Gregorios Geevarghese (Perumpally Thirumeni) become the President of the Episcopal Synod of the Church in India. After the passing away of Mor Gregorios Geevarghese in February 1999, Mor Dionysius assumed the Presidency of the Malankara Church Synod. On 27th December 2000, His Excellency was chosen as the Catholicos-designate by the Holy Episcopal Synod. The Church delegates meeting held at Puthencuriz on the same day, unanimously approved this decision. H.H the Patriarch, however, waited for two more years in expectation of a peaceful settlement to the longstanding dispute between the two factions of Malankara Church. But as it became clearer that the chances for reconciliation is remote because of the insincerity on the part of the opposite faction; a crucial convention was convened at Puthencuriz, Kerala on 6th July 2002 in which delegates from all the parishes participated and they approved a new constitution for the effective administration of the Indian Church, with the consent of the supreme head, the Patriarch of Antioch & all the East. H.E. Mor Dionysius Thomas was elected as the Catholicos and the Metropolitan Trustee of the Jacobite Syrian Christian Church at this historic Church Association. The election was later ratified by the Holy Episcopal Synod of the Universal Syrian Orthodox Church on 22nd July 2002.
Catholicos Enthronement
On Friday the 26th July 2002, His Holiness Moran Mor Ignatius Zakka I Iwas the Patriarch of Antioch & all the East, consecrated the 73-year old Mor Dionysius Thomas as the CATHOLICOS with the title 'BASELIOS THOMAS I' at a solemn function held at the St. Peter & St. Paul Cathedral in Mor Ephrem Monastery, Ma`arat Sayyidnaya, near Damascus. Thus, fulfilling the wishes of multitude of faithful, the Malankara Church received a Catholicos after a gap of six years (Catholicos Mor Baselios Paulose II died in 1996). In the Syrian Orthodox Church hierarchy, the Catholicos is second in rank to the supreme spiritual head, the Patriarch of Antioch.
Fourteen Syrian Orthodox Bishops, from India, Syria, Sweden, Netherlands, Germany, Lebanon, Jerusalem, Turkey and Australia attended the enthronement ceremony as the co-celebrants. Thirty five Rambans, many Nuns of the Church and lay people were also present on the occasion to participate in the historical ceremony. Representatives from Government of Syria & India attended the consecration ceremony as special guests. The consecration ceremony started with the celebration of Holy Qurbono at 8 AM by His Holiness the Patriarch, followed by enthronement ceremony, signing of 'SUSTHATHIKON' (Agreement) and 'OKSIOS' (Rising and Declaration). The ceremonial Services ended with the completion of the Holy Qurbono by the newly consecrated Catholicos.
On 31st July 2002, the Sunthroniso of Catholicos Aboon Mor Baselios Thomas I Bava was held at the Kothamangalam Marthoma Cheriapally where the sacred tomb of Maphryono Mor Baselios Yeldho is situated. H.E. Mor Julius Kuriakose, the first secretary to the Patriarch of Antioch read the Susthathicon, the Patriarchal Bull, proclaiming the enthronement of the new Catholicos for the Church in India. The function was attended by all the Metropolitans of the Malankara Church, hundreds of priests and very large number of laymen who came from all parts of Malankara.
As the head of the Church in India the Catholicos presides over the Holy Episcopal Synod of Malankara Church which includes all the Metropolitans of the Syrian Orthodox Church in India. His Beatitude is also the Metropolitan Trustee of the Jacobite Syrian Christian Association.
Catholicate Office
The Catholicate office of His Beatitude Baselios Thomas I functions at the Mor Ignatius Zakka I centre in Puthencuriz near Kochi, which is also the headquarters of the Syrian Orthodox Church in India. His Beatitude resides at Mor Ignatius Seminary at Kothamangalam in Kochi district.
Catholicate Office: Patriarch Ignatius Zakka I Iwas Centre (Patriarchal centre) Puthencuriz - 682 308 Ernakulam, Kerala, INDIA. Tel: 0484 - 2732804 Fax: 0484 - 2732804
Sources
Steliasiii 18:15, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
- Declined. We cannot accept unsourced suggestions or sources that are not reliable per the verifiability policy. Please provide sources with your suggestions. Harryboyles 06:31, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
Epithumetikon
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One of Plato's political divisions isomorphically present in the individual or soul, 'epithumetikon' translates roughly as desire.
SourcesRoochnik, David. Beautiful city The Dialectical Character of Platos Republic. US: Cornell University Press, 2003. page 12.
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PlateWire
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Sources72.196.217.62 18:31, 1 November 2006 (UTC) |
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paranymph
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suspected copyrighted material including material from 1993 or later removed. I was so hoping this was from an ancient public domain copy of the OED so I could add it to Wiktionary instead of rejecting it. davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 03:05, 29 July 2007 (UTC) SourcesOxford English Dictionary 132.198.153.132 18:34, 1 November 2006 (UTC) Declined: Do not submit copyrighted material. In any case, Wikipedia is not a dictionary. Submit your non-copyrighted dictionary entries to Wiktionary. Thanks. davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 03:05, 29 July 2007 (UTC) |
| This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. |
A. S. Cobb & ASC Me PR
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A. S. Cobb founded Brown Recluse Entertainment Ventures in 1997 before leaving the rural outskirts of Houston, TX for Sunny Los Angeles, CA. While in Los Angeles, he attended the Art Institute of Los Angeles in Santa Monica, where he learned video production. Simultaneously, Cobb, worked on his own public access cable show called Hip Hop Non Stop (Phaze I). His cable shows featured mainly local Los Angeles talent found from various locations. The very first show was a premonition of big things to come. Word spread up to the Bay Area where Misbehavin', an up and coming rap duo, heard the news and after a short plane ride, landed in LA for the Pilot episode. Sharing the spotlight was local LA rapper Devious, a young lady who made opponents cower when battling freestyle. G-Style aka Gary, one of Cobb's Co-workers at the Crowne Plaza hotel, showed up to put his stank on the show. Brown Recluse Entertainment Ventures also produced shows such as TKO (Talent Knock Out) in Inglewood, CA at Coley's Caribbean. The shows included the like of Miss Nina Renee Frances and up and coming actress and model, members of the Beverly Hills Trio, Omega 7 and Rob Lee and Greg Scott, who make up Beyond Quality Entertainment. This event paved the way for Cobb to be summoned to other projects. The African Diaspora Foundation hired him to produce a string of fundraisers for their organization. It was at that time, old Art Institute classmate Alex Cortez came aboard to help with logistics and talent. Cobb hosted the shows he produced most times. This garnered him attention from local producers who asked him to be a part of their comedy showcases. So, he took a break from being the boss and served an adoring public with laughter as her regaled them with truthful, yet humorous tales of his past at places such as the Comedy Union in Los Angeles. Not completely fulfilled, he stumbled upon Poet's Jazz House (PJH), a beatnik style poetry house with so much more. After a few months of observing and performing, Cobb was asked by the producer, the lovely Ms. Tuesday Conner, fashion designer to Chaka Khan and other celebs, to host the show. He did until he moved to the Bay Area. Cobb has teamed up with LA Fashion Icons, Kimiko Whitted of Kimiko by Design and Niche (Nikki) Martin of Niche Designs for the 2005 hit Bubble Up for Spring '06 Fashion Show & Bazaar. This event featured a talent show, live entertainment and vendor booths, which included the works of designer Kevin James, Charlene aka Cookies by Me, Dawn Knight, CEO of Knightlife Entertainment and publishing. Knight is also author of the critically acclaimed fiction novel Kismet...available on Amazon, and others. Currently Cobb services the Bay Area of California as well as Los Angeles with his boutique marketing firm called ASC Me PR. ASC Me PR was born from the many previous undertakings that required a great deal of PR, logistics and eventually culminated in him being on stage. Having many friends involved in similar industries and activities, Cobb found himself swimming in assignments he cordially accepted to help someone out. Most of these "favors" required him doing what he does best...communicate, promote, and create. Cobb helped design and implement marketing strategies for friends and family in entertainment, food service and real estate. Now in Hayward, California Cobb has found himself back in school pursuing a degree in Business Administration and Marketing. Meanwhile, with a proven track record for success, he keeps busy building websites, marketing research, publicity and other related tasks. Among Cobb and ASC Me PR's clients are: Charles Drew Realty, Overdue Exposure Magazine, Artisan Tatin Catering, recording artists Candis, Scipio, LBS Design and planning, Ephesians COGIC, Kimiko by Design, Niche Designs, NOIZ Imaging, Blu Leaf Clothing and Blu Foundation (deadbeats), to name a few. A. S. Cobb 17:21, 9 September 2006 (UTC) SourcesThe Source Magazine, Vibe Magazine, Goddessgab.com, OverdueExposure Magazine, Overdue Exposure Mag.com 24.4.175.139 18:51, 1 November 2006 (UTC) |
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John Duncan (painter)
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He became one of the key artists in the Symbolist movement as well as the Celtic Revival movement, creating such memorable paintings as: St Columba Bidding Farewell to the White Horse 1925 He sought to reinvent and re-present Celtic imagery through borrowing subjects from myths, legends and decorative devices from early Celtic art. Sourceshttp://www.ltscotland.org.uk/nq/resources/RSAscottishart/artistbios/duncanj.asp
Declined: Article exists. Pointed a reference to here on article talk page. davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 03:14, 29 July 2007 (UTC) |
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Esio
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Technology The Esio utilizes exclusive beverage paks called Esio-Paks which are produced and distributed by Esio Beverage Company. Each has a special “pump” on one end and allows the end user to easily drop it into the Esio. Once inserted into the system, the user presses either the hot or cold button, and the beverage is dispensed instantly. There is zero brewing or mixing time, because the water and beverage product are actually mixed in mid-air as the cup or glass is filled. The “interchangeable” Esio-Paks are as easy to change as a CD. There is NO cross-contamination when changing between Esio-Paks because it seals airtight between uses and it is completely disposable and eco-friendly. A unique feature of the Esio is the Strength Selector Dial. At the top of the Esio is a dial that allows the user to select the strength of his/her beverage. This feature provides ultimate convenience as each user can select the strength of his/her individual beverage. In the center of the strength selector is a child protection “lock-out” button to prevent injury to small children. Beverages There is a wide range of Esio Beverage products. http://www.esiobev.com/esio-products.htm Current Beverage Products - Premium Blend Coffee Dark Roast Decaf Coffee Peach Tea Green Tea Diet Cranberry Juice Vitamin Fitness Water (Mixed Berry) FUTURE Beverage Products 100% Colombian Arabica Coffee - Medium Roast - Medium Roast DECAF - Dark Roast - Hazelnut - French Vanilla Tea Products - Black Tea - Green Tea - White Tea - Red Tea - Chai Tea Flavors - Lemon - Blueberry - Orange Mango - Pear - Passion fruit - Banana - Black Raspberry - Cherry - Cinnamon - Coconut - Cranberry - Grape - Honey - Lime - Peach - Peppermint - Pineapple - Punch - Strawberry - Tangerine - Vanilla – Almond Sports Drinks- Vitamin Fitness Water FLAVORS - Valencia Orange - Melon - Peach - Grape - Kiwi Strawberry - Mango - Black Cherry - Lemon-Lime - Fruit Punch - Watermelon Cold Specialty Beverages - Lemonade - Orange-ade - Grape-ade - Fruit Punch - Arnold Palmer Hot Specialty Beverages - Hot Chocolate - Mocha - Apple Cider Sourcescooler innovation magazine - November 2006 - www.coolerinnovation.com Zenith International Publishing - www.zipublishing.com O Premium Waters - www.owaters.com Esio - www.esiobev.com
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David Gazarov (Pianist & Composer)
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David Gazarov copyrighted material removed davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 03:18, 29 July 2007 (UTC) Sourceswww.davidgazarov.de 89.172.42.42 19:29, 1 November 2006 (UTC) Declined: Please do not submit copyrighted material. Please support notability using third-party sources. |
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First Choice (Group) Canada
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FirstChoice (Group) Canada is in the business of managing all levels of procurement services as well as providing oilfield supplies to support petroleum drilling, construction, refining, and production operations. As an oilfield supplier, FirstChoice (Group) Canada is your competitive alternative to the major supply houses. For materials, FirstChoice (Group) Canada enjoys an overall advantage due to our lower overhead, operating efficiencies and our supplier/manufacturer relationships. The fact that we are a "reseller" allows manufacturers to quote FirstChoice (Group) Canada discount prices no higher, and in some cases quite lower, than our competitors. Lower overhead allows us to quote our client a lower net cost. First Choice specializes in the following industries:
Sourceshttp://www.firstchoicecanada.ca/ Wongj9 20:18, 1 November 2006 (UTC) |
| This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. |
Michael
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a froheaded person
- Declined. This suggestion doesn't sufficiently explain the importance or significance of the subject. See the speedy deletion criteria A7 and/or guidelines on biographies. Please provide more information on why the person or group is worthy of inclusion in an encyclopedia. Thank you. Harryboyles 06:35, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
Ordinary Peoples
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copyrighted material deleted. davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 03:23, 29 July 2007 (UTC) The band has also been picked up by acclaimed booking agency Variety Artists International. and management company Kaplan Artists Group contact Chas Kaplan chas@kaplanartistsgroup.com Sourceshttp://www.ordinarypeoples.com http://www.myspace.com/ordinarypeoples http://www.ofarevolution.com http://www.kaplanartistsgroup.com 65.24.112.214 20:24, 1 November 2006 (UTC) Declined Please do not submit copyrighted material. Please submit references from third-party web sites to establish notability. davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 03:23, 29 July 2007 (UTC) |
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Boochika
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Instrumentation Eugene Wong (electric guitar & vocals) Juan Cirilli (bass guitar) Sepehr Noroozi (drums) Copyrighted material removed davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 03:25, 29 July 2007 (UTC) Sourceswww.myspace.com/boochika http://www.sonicbids.com/epk/epk.asp?epk_id=67327&poll_id=&skin_id=&lv=1 http://www.nowtoronto.com/issues/2006-01-19/music_clubs.php Wongj9 20:42, 1 November 2006 (UTC) Declined Please do not submit copyrighted material. Subject does not appear sufficiently notable for Wikipedia. Have they won any major awards or broken the top-40 hits in their genre? davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 03:25, 29 July 2007 (UTC) |
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Carl_Maughan
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== This person is very camp or even gay. == |
| This is an archived discussion. Please do not modify it. |
FUZHOU (CHANGLE) INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT (FOC)
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Iata Airport Code: FOC Location: Fuzhou Changle International Airport is situated in the southeast of Zhanggang County, near Changle City, about 55 km (about 34.2 miles) to the centre of Fuzhou, the capital of Fujian Province, PRC. The completion of construction of a new multi-lane highway will cut the present journey time from the aiport to Fuzhou City from about 1 hour to less than 30 minutes. Intro: Fuzhou Changle International Airport is a modern airport built to reflect the growing commercial importance of this part of Southeast China. The airport has a main concrete runway (03/21) of 3,609 meters, and a modern five storey Terminal Building. Over 60 routes are served to more than 40 domestic and international cities including Hong Kong and Kuala Lumpur. The majority of long-haul links tend to be via the hubs of Hong Kong (HKG), Shanghai Pudong (PVG) or, less commonly, Shanghai Hongqiao (SHA) all of which are ca 1 hours direct flying time from Fuzhou. The T-shaped terminal facility covers circa 137,000 square meters. It was designed to handle 6.5 million passengers per year, with the peak hour handling capacity of 3000. For the first phase, the design capacity was 3.5 million passenger movements with 8 air-bridges having been constructed and in use. Inbound and outbound passengers are diverted to different stories; international and domestic passengers segregated. The functions of the five-story building are: mechanical and electronic equipment is located in both the basement and Floor 4. Floor 1 is for arrivals, where Quarantine Inspection, Immigration, baggage claim area, Customs and hall areas are set up; services such as public telephones, dining facilities, travel agency, and accommodation for transit passengers are provided. Floor 2 is for departure. There are customs inspection, ticketing, immigration, security zone and hall area. Details: IATA Airport Code: FOC Latitude: 25°56'06"N Longitude: 119°39'48"E Elevation: 14m Timezone: GMT +8 Runways: 1 Construction: Concrete Dimensions: 3609m × 46m Sourceshttp://www.xiafz.com.cn/en/fuwu.htm http://www.travelchinaguide.com/cityguides/fujian/fuzhou/airport.htm http://worldaerodata.com/wad.cgi?id=CH00010&sch=ZSFZ 86.133.55.35 21:00, 1 November 2006 (UTC) Declined: article exists, see Fuzhou Changle International Airport |
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Titans
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TitansIn the MMORPG Eve Online, Titans are behemoths designed to wipe out entire fleets. Armed with either capital turrets, launchers, or both, their most deadly weapons is not these fearsome powers, but it's a gargantuan Doomsday weapon capable of dishing out enough damage to destroy an entire fleet of battleships - a dreadnought of a weapon, to be concise. Their thick armor and extremely powerful armnament make them a very, very cherished ship in the Eve Universe. The only titan known to be created is from Ascendant Frontier, an Amarrian Avatar. It has 6 capital turret hardpoints and can fit the Doomsday weapon "Judgement," although its primary purpose is to serve as a massive support platform for massive-scale battles. The Judgement doomsday device was activated during a skirmish with the Band of Brothers Alliance. Titans:
-Avatar: 6 turret slots and a doomsday mount. -Ragnarok: 6 turret slots, 2 launchers, and a doomsday mount. -Leviathan: 7 launcher slots, and a doomsday mount. -Erebus: 6 turret slots, and a doomsday mount.
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Diverse Kingdom
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SourcesMadmandude 21:01, 1 November 2006 (UTC) |
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EnenKio
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copyright material removed davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 04:01, 29 July 2007 (UTC) Declined: No sources, not notable, copyright violations |
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Gaspare Ambrosini
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Gaspare Ambrosini Gaspare Ambrosini, Italian jurist and statesman, born in Girgenti on October 24, 1886. In 1909 Ambrosini became the youngest professor of constitutional law of his times. In 1918, acting as private assistant to aging Italian Prime Minister Vittorio Emanuele Orlando played a noted role in the negotiation of the Treaty of Versailles. Ambrosini escaped having to align himself with the ideology of fascism first by teaching colonial law and then by conducting extensive milestone studies on foreign federalism and abstract electoral systems. After the end of WWII, Ambrosini becomes a member of the Constitutional Assembly and a key participant of the 18-member committee credited with the actual drafting of the Italian Constitution He invented and introduced into the Italian Constitution the “regional state”, as an intermediary figure between the federal and the unitary states in which regions have autonomy under the constitution rather than limited original sovereign power. This type of arrangement was foreshadowed in the 1924 Cadige constitution and was fallowed in a number of subsequent constitutions including the 1978 Spanish Constitution. In 1946 Ambrosini was elected to the Italian House of Representatives where became the Chairman of the Foreign Relations Committee. In this capacity he played a key role in advocating Italy’s participation in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization and providing political and academic leadership in the creation of the European Community for Steal and Coal and the European Community for Atomic Energy. With his academic assistance, these two entities were conceived along the until then unknown figure of a “super-national” international entity with limited but own sovereign powers. This idea was at the foundation of the subsequent process of integration leading first to the European Economic Communities and then to the European Union. He also championed and justified the Italian international protectorate over Ethiopia which ended at the end of 1959. In 1955 Ambrosini was elected by Parliament as a Justice of the Constitutional Court of which he became the Chief Justice in 1962 holding that position until the end of 1967. He is credited with watershed constitutional decisions which asserted the primacy of the Italian Constitution not only over the laws adopted by the democratic Parliament but also in respect of those passed during the preceding fascist period; as well as the primacy of European law over Italian law. In this latter respect the Italian Constitutional Court opened a paved the path soon followed by the German Constitutional Court and many years later by other European member of the EEC leading to primacy of European law over the law of any member states. Until his death Ambrosini chaired a government institution which meticulously documented all Italian activities in Africa. He died in Rome in 1986, less than three months away from his 100th birthday leaving behind a rich legacy of more than 50 treaties and books on Italian and comparative constitutional law, international law, history of institutions of government and African studies. At the age of 96, he wrote and published his last treaty comparing the Italian constitution to the principles of the French revolution and the American independence. Having maintained his university tenure for over half a century, he shaped the thinking of three generations of Italian jurists. One of Rome’s square has been dedicated to him.
Sources3 volume set "Studi in onore of Gaspare Ambrosini" 1980; G. Ambrosini La Constitutione Italiana oltre i principi della rivolozion francese and l'indipendenza amaricana 1981; La Proporzionale 1946; L'ordinamento regionale - La riforma regionale nella Costituzione italiana" (1957) Discorsi Parlamentari; Il Federalista Guglielmo Negri : Gaspare Ambrosini
Declined: Article exists, see Gaspare Ambrosini davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 04:02, 29 July 2007 (UTC) |
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ULTRAM ER
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The Shops at Mission Viejo
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The Shops at Mission Viejo is a regional mall that includes anchors Nordstrom, Macy's (2), and Sak's Fifth Avenue. Previously known as "Mission Viejo Mall", this collection of medium to high-end shops underwent a major transformation in the late 1990's. Soon after the Simon Group took control of the mall from the DeBartolo Corp. the property underwent a $150 million transformation. Prior to the overhaul the mall was dark, dated, and plagued by a high-vacancy rate. It's major tenants at the time were Robinson's May, Macy's and Montgomery Ward. The mall's tenant-mix had lost touch with the fast-growing population and income of South Orange County; the majority of the shops and restaurants shut their doors. Simon Property Group set out plans for a major overhaul, attempting to reposition the shopping center as the premier upscale shopping and dining destination in South Orange County. They added department stores Sak's Fifth Avenue and Nordstrom to the existing anchor lineup of Macy's and Robinson's May. With premier anchors in place, and hugely successful restaurants The Cheesecake Factory and P.F. Chang's China Bistro locked in, other high-end and popular retail stores followed. In 2006, Macy's purchase of Federated's Robinson's May created two Macy's locations at The Shops at Mission Viejo. Both locations have mirrored merchandise, with little differentiation between the two. It has been printed that the original Macy's building will close after the 2006 holiday season and converted into more mall tenant space.
SourcesShopping Centers Today, October 1, 1999. User:Tenan19 22:35, 1 November 2006 (UTC) |
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Gwen Jacob
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Sources142.205.240.196 23:32, 1 November 2006 (UTC) Decline: Unable to determine actual name using a major search engine. I'm getting contradictory information. Currently Gwen Jacobs redirects to Gwen Jacob. I put a request for confirmed information on Talk:Gwen Jacob but that's all I can do for now. davidwr/(talk)/(contribs)/(e-mail) 04:18, 29 July 2007 (UTC) |
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Studyfriends: Studyfriends.com
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Studyfriends.com is a international student community which offers all the important features students need. Students can contact other students worldwide to ask questions about a topic, and can chat with a student who knows about a certain topic. Studyfriends.com also offers students internships and jobs of companies worldwide, students can find and offer rooms and they can find essays, theses and other study material in the Library. Studyfriends.com is the fast growing and unique international student community on the web.
The European Investment Bank says about Studyfriends.com: 'We have taken the time to read about your project and we wish to congratulate you and your "colleagues" for this brilliant idea'(e-mail contact, which can be shown on request), and the University of International Studies in Shanghai and the International Office of the University of Calgary are already cooperating. (can be checked at the website and e-mail contact can be shown on request)
Not done Voice-of-All 09:18, 10 November 2006 (UTC)
Alex Gutierrez
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Certificate of Quality
Where and how can I have a sample of "Certificate of Quality" of goods which a manufacturer/mill/producer usally use to certify technical specifications of products? Newone 12:30, 2 November 2006 (UTC)
Alex "Gutz" Gutierrez is one of the best hockey players to play the game, and yet is still relatively unknown. People have forgotten over time despite that he held many records, all of which were broken by that damn Wayne Gretzky guy, but only by a small margin. There are only a few players that one could compare him with and that is Wayne Gretzky, Pavel Bure, James Lowrey, and Brad Zimmerman.
Sources
67.190.156.223 23:53, 1 November 2006 (UTC)
- Declined. We cannot accept unsourced suggestions or sources that are not reliable per the verifiability policy. Please provide sources with your suggestions. Harryboyles 06:38, 2 November 2006 (UTC)