Fall of Berlin (1806)

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From English Wikipedia @ Freddythechick
For the 1760 Fall of Berlin, see Raid on Berlin.
For the 1945 Fall of Berlin, see Battle of Berlin.

Fall of Berlin
Part of the War of the Fourth Coalition

Entry of Napoleon into Berlin by Charles Meynier. Napoleon entering Berlin with the Brandenburg Gate in the background.
Date24 October 1806[1]
Location
Berlin, Kingdom of Prussia
52°31′12″N 13°24′18″E / 52.52000°N 13.40500°E / 52.52000; 13.40500
Result French victory
Belligerents
First French Empire French Empire  Kingdom of Prussia
Commanders and leaders
First French Empire Napoleon I Kingdom of Prussia Frederick William III
Fall of Berlin (1806) is located in Europe
Fall of Berlin (1806)
class=notpageimage|
Location within Europe
War of the Fourth Coalition
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About OpenStreetMaps
Maps: terms of use
200km
125miles
Friedland
27
Battle of Friedland on 14 June 1807
26
Battle of Heilsberg on 10 June 1807
25
Battle of Guttstadt-Deppen from 5 to 6 June 1807
24
Great Sortie of Stralsund from 1 to 3 April 1807
23
Siege of Danzig (1807) from 19 March to 24 May 1807
22
Siege of Kolberg (1807) from 20 March to 2 July 1807
21
Battle of Ostrołęka (1807) on 16 February 1807
Eylau
20
Battle of Eylau from 7 to 8 February 1807
19
Battle of Allenstein on 3 February 1807
18
Battle of Mohrungen on 25 January 1807
17
Siege of Graudenz from 22 January to 11 December 1807
16
Battle of Pułtusk (1806) on 26 December 1806
15
Battle of Golymin on 26 December 1806
14
Battle of Czarnowo on 23 December 1806
13
Siege of Hamelin from 7 to 22 November 1806
12
Battle of Lübeck on 6 November 1806
11
Battle of Waren-Nossentin on 1 November 1806
10
Capitulation of Stettin from 29 to 30 October 1806
9
Capitulation of Pasewalk on 29 October 1806
8
Battle of Prenzlau on 28 October 1806
Berlin
7
6
Siege of Magdeburg (1806) from 25 October to 8 November 1806
5
Battle of Halle on 17 October 1806
4
Capitulation of Erfurt on 16 October 1806
Jena–Auerstedt
3
Battle of Jena–Auerstedt on 14 October 1806
2
Battle of Saalfeld on 10 October 1806
1
Battle of Schleiz on 9 October 1806
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⬤ current battle
⬤ Napoleon not in command
⬤ Napoleon in command

The fall of Berlin took place on 24 October 1806 when the Prussian capital of Berlin was captured by French forces in the aftermath of the Battle of Jena–Auerstedt. Berlin fell 15 days after the beginning of the war. The French Emperor Napoleon entered the city after three days, from which he issued his Berlin Decree implementing his Continental System. Large-scale plundering of Berlin took place.[2]

Aftermath

The subsequent Battle of Eylau, the Battle of Friedland and the Treaty of Tilsit compelled Prussia to cede large portions of its territories and accept French garrisons in its major fortresses and settlements. Prussia became a client state of France, forced to pay large indemnities, and Berlin itself remained occupied until early 1813. A garrison was also established at the nearby Spandau Citadel.

Following Napoleon's Retreat from Moscow in 1812, Prussian forces serving as auxiliaries for the French switched sides and supported Russia. This combined with major uprisings across Prussian territory, forcing French troops to retreat and abandon Berlin. The city then became a major target for the French who attempted to recapture it during the German campaign of 1813, ending only with the complete French withdrawal following the Battle of Leipzig.[2]

Impact

Although Berlin had previously briefly been raided two times (in 1757 and 1760) during the Seven Years' War, its occupation was a major blow to the Prussian leadership. It destroyed the reputation the Prussian Army had gained during the days of Frederick the Great. After arriving in Berlin, Napoleon visited the tomb of Frederick and is reported to have said to his marshals "Hats off gentlemen, if he were alive we wouldn’t be here today". This became an iconic scene in German culture, portrayed in Prussian films such as Old Fritz (1927) and Kolberg (1945).[3]

In the wake of the fall of Berlin, a major reform movement was launched to restore the fighting effectiveness of the Prussian Army and renew the nation at large in order to plan a war of revenge against France.[4] The reformed Prussian forces playing a key role in the subsequent French retreat from Germany in 1813–14, and during Napoleon's final defeat during the Waterloo campaign in 1815.

Notes

  1. ^ Clodfelter 2017, p. 150.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Leggiere 2002, p. 19.
  3. ^ Schulte-Sasse 1996, p. 111.
  4. ^ Carr & Hearder 2014, p. 11.

References

  • Carr, William; Hearder, Harry (2014). The Wars of German Unification 1864–1871. Routledge.
  • Clodfelter, M. (2017). Warfare and Armed Conflicts: A Statistical Encyclopedia of Casualty and Other Figures, 1492–2015 (4th ed.). Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-7470-7.
  • Leggiere, Michael V. (2002). Napoleon and Berlin: The Franco-Prussian War in North Germany, 1813. University of Oklahoma Press.
  • Schulte-Sasse, Linda (1996). Entertaining the Third Reich: Illusions of Wholeness in Nazi Cinema. Duke University Press.

Further reading

  • Chandler, David (1993). Jena 1806: Napoleon destroys Prussia. Bloomsbury.
  • Roberts, Andrew (2014). Napoleon the Great. Penguin.

External links

Retrieved from "https://enwiki.freddythechick.net/index.php?title=Fall_of_Berlin_(1806)&oldid=9689230"