Germanium tetrafluoride
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| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC names
Germanium tetrafluoride
Tetrafluorogermane Tetrafluoridogermanium | |
| Other names
Germanium(IV) fluoride
Germanium fluoride | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol)
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| ChemSpider | |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID
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| UNII | |
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| Properties[2] | |
| GeF4 | |
| Molar mass | 148.634 g/mol |
| Appearance | colourless gas |
| Density | 6.074 g/L (gas), 2.46 g/mL (liquid)[1] |
| Melting point | −15 °C (5 °F; 258 K) at 4 bar |
| Boiling point | −36.5 °C (−33.7 °F; 236.7 K) sublimates |
| −50.0·10−6 cm3/mol | |
| Structure | |
| tetrahedral | |
| Thermochemistry | |
Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
-8.008 kJ/g |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards
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Reacts with water to form HF, corrosive |
| GHS labelling: | |
   
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| Danger | |
| H280, H314, H331, H372 | |
| P260, P261, P264, P270, P271, P280, P301+P330+P331, P303+P361+P353, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P310, P311, P314, P321, P363, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, P501 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | <imagemap>
File:NFPA 704.svg|80px|alt=NFPA 704 four-colored diamond poly 150 150 300 300 150 450 0 300 Health 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gas poly 300 0 450 150 300 300 150 150 Flammability 0: Will not burn. E.g. water poly 450 150 600 300 450 450 300 300 Instability 2: Undergoes violent chemical change at elevated temperatures and pressures, reacts violently with water, or may form explosive mixtures with water. E.g. white phosphorus poly 300 300 450 450 300 600 150 450 Special hazard W: Reacts with water in an unusual or dangerous manner. E.g. sodium, sulfuric acid desc none </imagemap> |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Related compounds | |
Other anions
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Germanium tetrachloride Germanium tetrabromide Germanium tetraiodide |
Other cations
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Carbon tetrafluoride Silicon tetrafluoride Tin tetrafluoride Lead tetrafluoride |
Related compounds
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Germanium difluoride |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
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Germanium tetrafluoride (GeF4) is a chemical compound of germanium and fluorine. It is a colorless gas.
Synthesis
Germanium tetrafluoride is formed by treating germanium with fluorine:
- Ge + 2 F2 → GeF4
Alternatively germanium dioxide combines with hydrofluoric acid (HF):[3]
- GeO2 + 4 HF → GeF4 + 2 H2O
It is also formed during the thermal decomposition of a complex salt, Ba[GeF6]:[4]
- Ba(GeF6) → GeF4 + BaF2
Properties
Germanium tetrafluoride is a noncombustible, strongly fuming gas with a garlic-like odor. It reacts with water to form hydrofluoric acid and germanium dioxide. Decomposition occurs above 1000 °C.[5]
Reaction of GeF4 with fluoride sources produces GeF5− anions with octahedral coordination around Ge atom due to polymerization.[6] The structural characterization of a discrete trigonal bipyramidal GeF5− anion was achieved by a "naked" fluoride reagent 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazolium fluoride.[7]
Uses
In combination with disilane, germanium tetrafluoride is used for in the synthesis of SiGe.[1]
References
- ^ 1.0 1.1 Germanium(IV) fluoride. sigmaaldrich.com
- ^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. p. 4.64. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
- ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 376–377. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- ^ Georg Brauer: Handbuch der Präparativen Anorganischen Chemie
- ^ Germaniumtetrafluorid. IFA Database
- ^ Mallouk, T. E.; Desbat, B.; Bartlett, N. (1984). "Structural Studies of salts of cis and trans μ-Fluoro-Bridged Polymers of Pentafluorogermanate(1-) and of the Pentafluorogermanate(1-) Monomer". Inorganic Chemistry. 23 (20): 3160–3166. doi:10.1021/ic00188a027.
- ^ Alič, B.; Tramšek, M.; Kokalj, A.; Tavčar, G. (2017). "Discrete GeF5– Anion Structurally Characterized with a Readily Synthesized Imidazolium Based Naked Fluoride Reagent". Inorganic Chemistry. 56 (16): 10070–10077. doi:10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b01606. PMID 28792216.