Hitzacker

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Coordinates: 53°8′N 11°3′E / 53.133°N 11.050°E / 53.133; 11.050
From English Wikipedia @ Freddythechick

Hitzacker
Town
View from the Weinberg over the old town
View from the Weinberg over the old town
Coat of arms of Hitzacker
Coat of arms
Location of Hitzacker within Lüchow-Dannenberg district

<imagemap>File: Hitzacker (Elbe) in DAN.svg | 240x240px poly 690 9 793 167 928 242 998 270 991 311 968 355 978 408 1033 381 1076 391 1141 431 1157 475 1161 499 1223 500 1448 521 1436 429 1585 430 1656 481 1718 476 1771 451 1772 428 1424 415 1424 10 1863 13 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern poly 75 1443 112 1406 222 1392 305 1370 344 1412 383 1369 465 1375 523 1297 569 1294 588 1176 801 1177 784 1230 841 1245 923 1207 1057 1225 1052 1246 1089 1255 1095 1292 1164 1282 1183 1260 1209 1258 1208 1294 1205 1313 1382 1254 1530 1169 1573 1106 1635 1081 1693 1089 1697 1053 1654 997 1673 863 1703 861 1733 886 1770 893 1806 856 1795 840 1864 752 1869 1433 Saxony-Anhalt poly 1176 498 1427 522 1438 436 1592 428 1660 480 1746 474 1783 441 1862 435 1878 712 1805 708 1780 667 1683 670 1592 596 1548 575 1457 585 1327 653 1285 612 1213 551 Brandenburg poly 964 347 997 274 934 250 852 226 872 211 797 184 720 119 677 17 673 7 0 8 0 400 55 460 112 454 133 396 161 371 197 371 256 379 295 369 312 353 377 362 386 353 364 267 304 217 296 201 309 164 290 94 307 57 270 26 305 16 361 54 416 78 465 139 590 223 631 238 693 321 772 386 844 296 889 270 959 310 Lüneburg (district) poly 1 403 94 548 164 570 210 608 223 628 238 734 288 741 307 756 313 821 345 825 348 889 291 897 294 916 244 946 273 1015 310 1004 316 1012 284 1035 266 1104 249 1105 167 1223 211 1286 167 1328 227 1358 223 1388 141 1388 131 1402 97 1410 64 1416 53 1445 4 1444 Uelzen (district) poly 293 26 310 60 300 107 323 145 324 179 312 215 365 209 344 246 386 261 400 249 391 180 467 205 469 217 515 221 537 193 410 94 Neu Darchau poly 397 188 395 258 380 264 394 334 527 382 545 419 571 431 619 419 639 429 640 450 641 450 635 471 677 491 724 477 725 440 785 453 790 428 764 412 764 394 640 280 615 242 532 195 512 224 464 212 460 196 Hitzacker poly 324 363 340 390 322 409 348 412 392 430 356 482 388 497 416 519 423 559 503 560 584 457 619 483 640 456 640 432 622 418 563 426 517 369 388 325 395 365 Göhrde poly 232 615 312 591 332 525 408 529 409 513 341 479 361 454 384 447 385 433 336 399 321 410 335 383 317 366 256 388 201 383 159 384 120 437 112 455 71 457 70 481 121 486 84 532 126 547 177 549 Göhrde (unincorporated area) poly 845 336 901 375 891 398 891 416 895 430 920 445 942 455 1005 459 1038 446 1040 435 1004 404 972 406 957 347 917 316 882 296 Damnatz poly 422 562 505 562 572 464 616 477 617 510 684 535 663 682 578 645 560 669 528 660 527 628 419 618 Karwitz poly 237 614 314 594 335 530 414 531 420 622 535 626 530 662 570 704 536 733 547 751 469 776 395 719 380 728 408 779 350 816 322 810 314 742 290 722 252 724 254 672 Zernien poly 933 456 975 468 1029 448 1051 464 1057 495 1037 553 1090 577 1073 622 1121 703 1035 763 1025 761 1013 785 911 766 895 737 939 732 946 635 928 615 944 547 894 511 932 500 Gusborn poly 1014 410 1065 388 1106 422 1145 479 1139 527 1228 611 1265 645 1270 669 1262 698 1254 721 1177 745 1154 707 1112 713 1114 650 1068 614 1094 578 1041 543 1060 475 Langendorf poly 612 511 616 472 704 490 726 470 730 449 788 450 788 419 755 411 774 392 816 392 835 358 846 343 899 379 889 425 933 455 935 508 897 513 902 525 940 538 929 616 945 632 931 648 943 702 934 735 893 739 837 703 812 639 775 670 749 698 662 672 682 539 Dannenberg (Elbe) poly 530 675 531 661 564 660 572 640 649 672 754 691 787 662 818 650 833 678 829 712 863 715 897 734 905 768 818 765 828 781 815 784 802 770 790 775 796 793 760 799 750 779 727 781 711 799 657 792 628 786 594 782 546 744 540 727 575 704 Jameln poly 754 877 746 818 768 797 837 766 1010 790 1009 810 1136 866 1115 962 1024 928 1019 948 1051 962 1020 1001 1003 1004 1007 1045 1049 1100 955 1126 941 1103 913 1112 849 1020 791 1059 737 1045 736 1023 823 994 833 924 796 884 Lüchow poly 708 1088 703 1061 732 1050 777 1053 852 1025 917 1116 944 1114 948 1130 936 1141 920 1183 918 1206 857 1226 792 1226 790 1200 801 1170 Wustrow poly 619 1178 622 1154 598 1130 586 1091 622 988 652 973 670 982 669 1031 696 1027 712 1042 723 1052 703 1064 714 1098 782 1172 736 1183 673 1169 Luckau (Wendland) poly 653 969 640 842 573 840 575 824 546 823 528 809 524 756 577 754 593 780 643 785 728 797 735 776 764 793 745 825 751 867 776 882 798 886 827 927 820 993 738 1021 737 1044 704 1042 707 1021 665 1028 677 978 Küsten poly 358 879 356 814 405 775 378 726 394 718 470 771 530 754 525 821 584 827 574 847 644 851 655 979 620 982 546 960 509 970 433 968 402 947 396 877 Waddeweitz poly 618 1171 628 1143 592 1135 618 977 549 965 480 971 414 972 396 948 386 876 364 878 302 905 304 922 255 952 277 1012 319 995 323 1009 288 1041 278 1106 295 1126 402 1117 415 1165 470 1184 525 1174 540 1183 547 1191 578 1203 592 1173 Clenze poly 442 1377 423 1331 409 1332 404 1312 418 1300 407 1283 430 1267 421 1245 409 1224 392 1229 367 1173 403 1151 427 1170 479 1187 523 1168 538 1181 556 1201 567 1194 574 1241 547 1285 519 1289 467 1374 Bergen an der Dumme poly 240 1375 235 1346 187 1319 228 1296 214 1272 169 1211 262 1110 403 1120 406 1164 365 1174 392 1232 420 1224 420 1274 404 1281 414 1308 402 1318 410 1337 433 1342 434 1378 362 1366 361 1400 329 1394 308 1367 270 1385 Schnega poly 919 1192 931 1136 1058 1103 1102 1105 1119 1120 1118 1139 1139 1153 1119 1180 1086 1202 1082 1222 1074 1238 1064 1243 1053 1231 1059 1217 990 1212 950 1202 933 1193 Lübbow poly 1127 1146 1155 1145 1202 1038 1225 1038 1223 1029 1189 1010 1181 962 1145 953 1116 945 1101 960 1077 944 1018 935 1019 949 1048 965 1019 1005 1003 1015 1010 1043 1028 1059 1049 1089 1059 1102 1094 1104 1123 1109 Woltersdorf poly 1078 1241 1097 1197 1142 1155 1174 1115 1200 1049 1206 1035 1330 1075 1363 1101 1378 1112 1404 1094 1507 1117 1520 1120 1514 1127 1470 1193 1439 1205 1374 1207 1335 1250 1299 1267 1246 1293 1221 1297 1220 1243 1183 1260 1162 1284 1141 1286 1102 1287 1094 1262 1082 1242 Lemgow poly 1266 1043 1269 994 1376 948 1447 925 1522 933 1522 966 1507 978 1530 999 1564 1065 1533 1095 1531 1119 1518 1125 1503 1109 1391 1107 1264 1048 Prezelle poly 1002 807 1025 759 1058 762 1064 748 1058 732 1114 714 1131 717 1146 700 1174 736 1257 713 1256 682 1274 668 1300 688 1282 723 1275 764 1258 798 1314 823 1287 867 1305 871 1327 864 1339 888 1373 891 1384 942 1274 988 1257 1042 1215 1039 1218 1027 1184 1008 1195 961 1109 942 1137 863 Trebel poly 1300 689 1280 723 1279 767 1313 764 1385 829 1455 798 1472 757 1443 747 1406 659 1330 691 Gorleben poly 1447 722 1453 748 1491 758 1510 775 1530 807 1551 830 1590 849 1606 872 1595 900 1567 944 1614 951 1639 952 1655 940 1653 871 1682 851 1688 834 1665 803 1660 782 1639 770 1623 746 1645 715 1652 696 1610 660 1586 641 1545 759 1510 750 1508 735 1492 709 Gartow poly 1404 651 1446 728 1500 711 1510 744 1526 752 1552 749 1600 654 1554 608 1517 602 1493 616 1458 622 1429 634 1413 650 Höhbeck poly 1625 749 1653 779 1677 818 1688 844 1707 843 1728 855 1746 867 1772 871 1777 858 1760 849 1788 820 1856 748 1817 740 1776 713 1758 693 1728 691 1699 702 1675 705 1659 701 Schnackenburg poly 1261 799 1274 770 1314 771 1355 809 1387 823 1460 802 1478 764 1510 775 1515 804 1543 824 1599 866 1581 939 1570 948 1631 944 1645 962 1642 1009 1665 1075 1586 1084 1537 1114 1524 1103 1561 1060 1524 999 1498 973 1531 961 1518 940 1501 927 1428 922 1382 937 1379 896 1337 888 1331 860 1302 868 1296 854 1318 818 Gartow (unincorporated area)

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Hitzacker is located in Germany
Hitzacker
Hitzacker
Hitzacker is located in Lower Saxony
Hitzacker
Hitzacker
Coordinates: 53°8′N 11°3′E / 53.133°N 11.050°E / 53.133; 11.050
CountryGermany
StateLower Saxony
DistrictLüchow-Dannenberg
Municipal assoc.Elbtalaue
Subdivisions12 parishes
Government
 • MayorHolger Mertins (FDP)
Area
 • Total58.44 km2 (22.56 sq mi)
Elevation
12 m (39 ft)
Population
 (2022-12-31)[1]
 • Total5,107
 • Density87/km2 (230/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
29456
Dialling codes05862, 05858 (OT Pussade), 05861 (OT Kähmen)
Vehicle registrationDAN
Websitewww.hitzacker.de

Hitzacker is a town in the Lüchow-Dannenberg district of Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated on the river Elbe, approx. 8 km north of Dannenberg, and 45 km east of Lüneburg. The 2007 population of Hitzacker was 4,982, and its postal code is 29456. The mayor is Holger Mertins. The town is located on the German Timber-Frame Road and is part of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") of Elbtalaue.

The famous library now in Wolfenbüttel was founded here by Augustus the Younger, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg (who died in 1666) and was moved to its present location in 1643.[2]

Geography

Location

Hitzacker is situated at the confluence of the River Jeetzel with the Elbe. While the so-called Elbe Heights (Elbhöhen, also Klötzie), at the southeastern foot of which Hitzacker lies, belong to the natural region of the Lüneburg Heath (c.f. the Drawehn), the lowland areas of the old town belong to the Elbe valley water meadows (Elbtalaue).

Its height varies from 11 m above NN at the Jeetzel confluence to 83 m above NN on the hill of Weinberg in the Klötzie. Further down the Elbe, the hill of Kniepenberg near Drethem attains 86 m above NN and offers a panoramic view over the Elbe valley depression.

Town divisions

Since the municipal reform of 1972, the borough of Hitzacker has consisted of the town itself and the 11 villages listed below.

  • Bahrendorf
  • Grabau
  • Harlingen
  • Hitzacker
  • Kähmen
  • Nienwedel
  • Pussade
  • Seerau
  • Tießau
  • Tiesmesland
  • Wietzetze
  • Wussegel

Other settlements in the borough are:

  • Dötzingen, manor
  • Hagen, manor
  • Leitstade
  • Marwedel
  • Meudelfitz, manor
  • Meudelfitz, settlement
  • Posade, forest house (Forsthaus)
  • Sarchem
  • Schmessau
  • Schmardau

Before 1972, Pussade and Posade Forsthaus belonged to the municipality of Harlingen, Dötzingen Manor, Hagen Manor, Marwedel, Meudelfitz Manor, Meudelfitz and Sarchem to the town of Hitzacker and Leitstade to Wietzetze. The manors of Dötzingen, Hagen and Marwedel are located today within the town of Hitzacker.

History

Man had already settled by around 3000 B.C. at the lake of Hitzackersee and the region has been continuously settled for over three thousand years.

On the Weinberg next to the present old town (Altstadt) Slavs built a castle in the eighth century. As a result, Hitzacker became an important trading centre even before its receiving town rights. Its actual foundation as a town took place in 1258, whereupon the castle lost its significance and was allowed to fall into ruins.[3]

A manuscript referring to Hitzacker dating to 20 January 1376 states the following:[4]

"The dukes, Wenceslas and Albert of Saxony and Lüneburg and Duke Bernard of Brunswick of Lüneburg allow the council of the town of Lüneburg to add the 30 marks of the lot which Lord Ludolf von Tzellenstede undertook to pay on the town's behalf on 13 April next, and the 150 marks of the lot which he also agreed to pay on the following 25 December, as well as the 100 marks of the lot the council paid on behalf of Lords Ordenberg and Siegfried Bock, i.e. 280 marks of the lot and the interest due to be added to the pledge for the castles of Bleckede and Hitzacker and the taxes from Lüneburg and Hitzacker, in the event that the lords do not repay the council on the said days, and vow also not to relieve the council from the pledges before they have repaid the sum pledged and the above money."

In 1548, on the Friday after Jubilate Sunday, a conflagration reduced the village of Hitzacker to ashes apart from the church and one house.[5]

In 1610 a number of people in Hitzacker and the surrounding area were accused of witchcraft and sorcery.[6]

On the third day of Christmas in 1668 the church, vicarage and eight houses burned down.[7]

In the Polabian ("Wendish") language of the region that died out in the 18th century Hitzacker was called Ljauci (Lgautztgi).

The borough of Hitzacker was created as part of the municipal reform in 1972 from ten hitherto independent parishes.

Politics

The town of Hitzacker belongs to state constituency No. 48 – Elbe and federal constituency No. 38 – Lüchow-Dannenberg – Lüneburg.[8][9]

Council

The town council of Hitzacker has 17 councillors.

CDU SPD FDP Initiativ für Hitzacker / INI Total
2006 5 5 4 3 17 seats

as at: local elections of 10 September 2006

Mayor

The Mayor (Bürgermeister) of Hitzacker is Holger Mertins.

Partnerships

The town used to be partnered with the municipality of Wisch in the Netherlands.

Culture and places of interest

The market place in Hitzacker
Am Markt in Hitzacker
  • Town roundabout with timber-framed houses and the 1589 customs house (Zollhaus)

Museums

Buildings

  • Katemin Mill (Kateminer Mühle)

Other

  • Excavations at the Hitzacker See
  • Sacrifice stone (Opferstein) near Pudripp
  • Wildlife enclosure (Wildgehege) in Hitzacker
  • Prince's Graves (Fürstengräber), Marwedel
  • Megalithic tombs and tumuli near Pussade
  • The Wirtschaftliche Forschungsgesellschaft or Wifo: former Nazi underground fuel depot in the Dötzingen Forest outside Hitzacker
  • Hitzacker's shooting guild, the 'Schützengilde von 1395 zu Hitzacker (Elbe), is one of the oldest in Europe.

Economy and infrastructure

Tourism

Hitzacker has a long tradition as a tourist destination. For instance, the Local History Working Group of Lüchow-Dannenberg (Heimatkundliche Arbeitskreis Lüchow-Dannenberg or HALD) held a conference in 1983 with the title "100 Years of Tourism in Hitzacker – 50 Year Old Local History and Museum Society".[10] Around the turn of the century, holidaymakers from the Hamburg and Hanover regions came to the spa hotel on the Weinberg hill. The hotel had its own spring used as a drinking fountain and for bathing by those taking the Kur. Day excursions on the river, along the Elbe, took place, and it had its own shipping line: Hamburg-Lauenburg-Dömitz. Today tourism has experienced a change. The health business has been replaced by "wellness" and beauty facilities. Hitzacker has since become a recognised climatic spa. Many of its hotels offer so-called wellness treatments and there is a spa area with a Kneipp basin and barefoot path. Hitzacker is the venue for musical events like the Hitzacker Summer Music Days (Sommerliche Musiktage Hitzacker)[11] under the artistic direction of Dr. Markus Fein, and Hitzacker Music Week (Musikwoche Hitzacker)[12] under the direction of Ludwig Güttler. There are three museums, including the Archaeological Centre with a Bronze Age open-air museum.[13] On the Weinberg, vines have been cultivated for several centuries, and once a year the vintage is celebrated by the officiating wine queen. Hitzacker takes part in various marketing initiatives; for example the town is on the German Timber-Frame Road, the Lower Saxon Asparagus Road and a partner in the German-Dutch Orange Route.

Transport

Passenger ferry Hitzacker - Bitter

Hitzacker has a railway link to Dannenberg and Lüneburg on the Wendland Railway. Another station on the same line is located in the local village of Leitstade. There are bus links to Lüneburg, Uelzen and Dannenberg as well as the county town of Lüchow. In Hitzacker there is a passenger ferry over the Elbe.

Education

There are three schools in Hitzacker:

  • Hitzacker Primary School
  • Bernhard Varenius School
  • Hitzacker Free School

Notable townsfolk

Prince Claus of the Netherlands, 1986

Aristocracy

References

  1. ^ "LSN-Online Regionaldatenbank, Tabelle A100001G: Fortschreibung des Bevölkerungsstandes, Stand 31. Dezember 2022" (in German). Landesamt für Statistik Niedersachsen.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  2. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Hitzacker". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 13 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 540.
  3. ^ [1] Archived 16 June 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  4. ^ Sudendorf, Hans, Urkundenbuch zur Geschichte der Herzöge von Braunschweig und Lüneburg und ihrer Lande, Fünfter Teil (1374–1381), Hanover, 1865, p. 79.
  5. ^ Blazek, Matthias, Das Löschwesen im Bereich des ehemaligen Fürstentums Lüneburg von den Anfängen bis 1900, Adelheidsdorf: 2006, p. 89.
  6. ^ Grässe, Johann Georg Theodor, Sagenbuch des preußischen Staats, Hildesheim, New York 1977, S. 907; Blazek, Matthias, "Aberglaube und Hexenverfolgung", in ders.: Hexenprozesse – Galgenberge – Hinrichtungen – Kriminaljustiz im Fürstentum Lüneburg und im Königreich Hannover, Stuttgart 2006, p. 62 ff.
  7. ^ Blazek, Löschwesen, a. a. O., p. 102.
  8. ^ Landtagswahlkreise ab 16. Wahlperiode. Wahlkreiseinteilung für die Wahl zum Niedersächsischen Landtag. Anlage zu § 10 Abs. 1 NLWG, p. 4. (pdf Archived 25 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine; 87 kb).
  9. ^ Beschreibung der Wahlkreise. Anl. zu § 2 Abs. 2 Bundeswahlgesetz. In: Achtzehntes Gesetz zur Änderung des Bundeswahlgesetzes. Anl. zu Artikel 1. Bonn 18. März 2008, p. 325. (pdf Archived 25 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine; 200 kb).
  10. ^ "HALD - Herbsttagungen - HALD". Hak-ld.de. Archived from the original on 22 March 2012. Retrieved 1 December 2011.
  11. ^ 62. Sommerliche Musiktage Hitzacker.
  12. ^ Musikwoche Hitzacker.
  13. ^ AZH – Archäologisches Zentrum Hitzacker::.. ARCHAEO-CENTRUM.DE[permanent dead link].
  14. ^ "Varenius, Bernhardus" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 27 (11th ed.). 1911. p. 905.
  • Johann Parum Schultze; Reinhold Olesch (ed.): Fontes linguae Dravaenopolabicae minores et Chronica Venedica J. P. Schultzii. (= Slavic Research; Vol. 7). Böhlau, Köln and Graz 1967
  • Christian Hennig von Jessen: Vocabularium Venedicum (oder Wendisches Wörter-Buch) (1705). Reprint by Reinhold Olesch. – Cologne [inter alia]: Böhlau 1959 (source for Pastor C. Hennig von Jessen was the Polabian-speaking farmer, Johann Janieschge from Klennow)

Sources

  • Berndt Wachter: "Die Fortführung der Grabung auf dem Weinberg bei Hitzacker (Elbe) im Jahr 1971". In: NNU 41 (1972), p. 227 ff.
  • Berndt Wachter: "Eine slawische Wallanlage – Die Grabung auf dem Weinberg in Hitzacker (Elbe) im Jahre 1972". In: NNU 42 (1973), p. 300 ff.

External links

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