Immigration to India
There are 4.9 million foreign-born residents in India, accounting for 0.4% of the population.[1] 98% of immigrants to India came from a previous residence elsewhere in Asia.[2]
History
Ancient era
India has a long history of accepting refugees. Its Jewish community dates back to the fall of Jerusalem in the first century AD, and its Zoroastrianism-adhering Parsis immigrated to escape the 7th-century Muslim conquest of Persia.[3]
Medieval era
Persians, Turks, and Central Asians migrated to India during the Indo-Muslim period. They participated in the imperial bureaucracy, brought Muslim influences such as Sufism, and helped to form the Indo-Persian culture.[4][5]
Colonial era
The British colonial presence in India varied in characteristics over time; British people generally stayed in the colony on a temporary basis, and were sometimes aiming to avoid local cultural habits and contact.[7] Children would often grow up in India, be sent to Britain to receive a "proper" education,[8] and then return to India as adults.[9] With the mortality rate for foreigners being high at the time due to disease, playing British sports was one way that the British could maintain their health and spirits; in the words of a contemporary writer, it was best for Englishmen to "defend themselves from the magic of the land by sports, games, clubs."[10]
Contemporary era
The modern dynamics of migration to India are often specific to India's neighbourhood;[11] for example, 97% of immigrants from Bangladesh live in the Bangladesh-bordering regions of India (East India and Northeast India).[12] Medical tourism has also been a factor in some migration decisions.[11]
Return migration of the Indian diaspora is another factor; for example, because of the COVID-19 pandemic's economic disruption, some Indian labour migrants in the Arab Gulf countries were forced to come to India, generally via the Vande Bharat Mission.[13]
Illegal immigration
See also
References
- ^ Origins of World's Largest Migrant Population, India Seeks to Leverage Immigration Migration Policy Institute
- ^ Khadria, Binod; Kumar, Perveen (2015). "Immigrants and Immigration in India: A Fresh Approach". Economic and Political Weekly. 50 (8): 65–71. ISSN 0012-9976. JSTOR 24481427.
- ^ Sen, Amartya (2021-06-29). "Illusions of empire: Amartya Sen on what British rule really did for India". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-10-04.
- ^ Haneda, Masashi (1997-10-01). "Emigration of Iranian Elites to India during the 16-18th centuries". Cahiers d'Asie centrale (3/4): 129–143. ISSN 1270-9247.
- ^ "India in the World; the World in India 1450-1770". Association for Asian Studies. Retrieved 2024-10-03.
- ^ Love, Adam; Dzikus, Lars (2020-02-26). "How India came to love cricket, favored sport of its colonial British rulers". The Conversation. Retrieved 2024-10-04.
- ^ "7 7 Avatars of Identity: The British Community in India".
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Keenan, Brigid (2021-03-25). "The lifelong effects of being a child in the British Raj". The Spectator. Retrieved 2024-10-04.
- ^ Buettner, Elizabeth (2005). Empire Families: Britons and Late Imperial India. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-928765-9.
- ^ Sen, Ronojoy (2015-10-27). Nation at Play: A History of Sport in India. Columbia University Press. ISBN 978-0-231-53993-7.
- ^ 11.0 11.1 International Migration Policy: Issues and Perspectives for India Binod Khadria, Perveen Kumar, Shantanu Sarkar and Rashmi Sharma
- ^ Nanda, Aswini Kumar (2005). "Immigration from Bangladesh to India Based on Census Data". Asian and Pacific Migration Journal. 14 (4): 487–499. doi:10.1177/011719680501400405. ISSN 0117-1968.
- ^ Khan, Asma; Arokkiaraj, H. (2021). "Challenges of reverse migration in India: a comparative study of internal and international migrant workers in the post-COVID economy". Comparative Migration Studies. 9 (1): 49. doi:10.1186/s40878-021-00260-2. ISSN 2214-594X. PMC 8563095. PMID 34745905.
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