Kalefeld

Kalefeld
Municipality
Coat of arms
Location of Kalefeld within Northeim district <imagemap>File: Kalefeld in NOM.svg | 240x240px poly 298 811 290 774 299 770 327 780 345 802 335 820 315 830 Uslar poly 349 745 333 740 314 706 300 706 298 673 285 660 295 649 280 643 269 655 215 564 196 558 189 548 183 526 194 522 186 505 177 499 164 485 171 483 191 495 207 525 223 528 227 518 239 527 241 535 278 564 286 551 281 514 297 542 304 552 316 541 312 554 322 552 336 545 352 529 358 560 360 563 375 564 368 544 382 544 413 535 415 513 421 518 454 606 454 635 441 644 427 635 419 649 418 659 413 680 415 692 410 697 397 720 377 736 Uslar poly 249 660 233 641 219 624 208 610 194 603 196 596 201 594 191 598 137 509 148 546 131 553 136 563 160 563 186 599 180 603 170 600 164 587 168 607 145 627 144 644 146 654 137 646 130 631 136 614 128 625 128 650 132 661 155 665 162 667 179 638 191 638 207 658 216 670 Bodenfelde poly 417 686 467 705 494 700 522 727 537 695 570 703 602 697 598 681 577 675 575 663 587 662 603 606 573 612 567 564 548 565 551 581 532 577 493 503 417 508 451 604 458 630 441 643 430 637 419 654 419 663 Hardegsen poly 601 699 593 682 575 670 578 659 589 659 604 618 620 635 643 633 632 603 654 607 649 598 654 580 682 581 687 599 692 605 693 622 718 639 746 635 752 626 761 627 766 610 808 619 783 670 786 681 767 684 756 692 735 695 707 687 677 677 675 682 685 691 678 713 657 715 631 703 621 710 Nörten-Hardenberg poly 784 676 805 693 827 702 840 687 868 673 878 682 878 695 894 679 900 652 906 638 928 643 938 624 923 617 928 593 907 587 915 578 926 579 930 564 912 556 904 524 906 503 889 489 876 497 889 488 883 470 876 464 867 465 865 467 857 462 830 496 840 520 832 546 803 564 803 577 783 584 784 610 807 621 Katlenburg-Lindau poly 309 289 308 295 317 288 319 304 310 307 304 304 312 322 292 332 298 370 304 424 355 407 365 389 376 401 393 403 391 395 423 398 446 399 438 425 439 442 452 447 472 422 475 388 489 368 493 340 479 328 481 281 467 275 469 235 453 221 447 196 428 177 402 167 383 174 387 183 355 218 364 236 354 250 321 267 322 257 Dassel poly 414 512 410 536 382 540 372 513 380 505 380 498 421 480 425 464 449 457 452 441 471 429 465 416 482 412 505 425 555 459 566 446 605 465 615 467 622 489 643 492 642 530 613 535 625 570 639 563 645 575 652 581 643 597 651 605 644 609 633 603 641 633 615 629 603 615 602 604 572 612 571 589 565 565 546 566 553 578 536 579 533 556 523 541 509 524 500 506 492 500 417 507 Moringen poly 658 127 669 109 697 135 749 110 732 59 779 39 868 129 863 172 877 176 870 259 773 272 770 260 784 252 784 239 758 234 752 220 729 223 737 201 712 181 700 188 693 188 682 173 Bad Gandersheim poly 628 569 613 533 637 530 643 492 624 486 617 429 671 405 671 382 693 376 700 370 688 350 698 345 707 369 721 369 737 394 761 401 788 379 847 401 841 427 887 444 881 468 855 465 826 494 840 526 830 544 815 554 793 573 783 584 783 599 776 608 766 612 763 619 754 628 740 633 740 635 728 635 709 635 697 623 687 613 695 598 688 596 684 584 674 574 661 580 648 576 641 574 645 567 645 564 637 560 Northeim poly 721 367 722 360 741 359 747 340 747 324 737 312 739 300 757 282 786 269 792 275 801 277 812 271 810 266 836 262 871 260 910 270 908 320 927 322 927 370 912 409 918 422 914 443 912 458 895 468 883 470 879 463 881 450 882 443 841 423 846 403 788 376 756 396 731 389 722 367 Kalefeld poly 687 351 696 344 701 365 717 365 724 357 745 356 745 332 741 315 735 302 758 282 770 273 760 250 782 257 783 240 768 236 756 231 755 223 736 219 725 219 737 203 728 193 715 182 700 188 690 183 686 174 648 121 638 110 618 117 640 164 639 176 634 184 621 191 603 200 614 217 610 223 602 221 610 230 645 248 643 258 669 274 672 291 660 299 655 304 671 308 685 318 685 330 689 341 688 348 Einbeck poly 472 410 487 408 507 420 559 459 565 444 605 462 618 460 613 428 674 400 664 374 691 375 674 313 657 304 669 293 667 270 655 272 639 252 644 249 601 226 598 218 620 220 613 210 602 198 633 182 641 166 637 155 616 120 604 130 600 115 590 117 592 132 580 140 569 136 540 155 499 162 489 198 452 200 455 225 466 237 468 276 481 279 482 325 496 339 Einbeck rect 158 175 222 232 Northeim (district) rect 11 10 292 273 Lower Saxony poly 0 677 53 657 67 620 81 620 113 606 135 609 128 641 130 659 147 666 160 669 182 649 188 639 210 647 215 658 221 663 231 665 250 658 271 648 286 650 293 665 301 675 303 688 304 695 302 701 304 704 314 712 328 726 331 729 340 740 354 753 361 764 362 781 360 789 352 795 343 797 321 782 309 774 299 765 291 772 287 784 290 795 292 807 279 802 281 815 286 828 288 837 288 848 284 853 7 852 Hesse poly 295 849 297 830 291 818 310 819 316 826 340 818 347 803 353 794 361 790 365 748 378 738 399 723 409 715 414 701 426 693 444 702 466 709 478 710 502 723 513 726 526 723 536 713 543 709 561 704 575 705 579 705 591 707 605 711 610 713 635 716 644 718 661 720 671 720 680 713 689 700 694 693 701 687 732 691 739 695 764 691 794 683 813 700 826 701 838 694 852 685 872 680 875 685 878 693 887 693 893 680 901 661 899 643 925 639 928 641 936 643 940 620 948 619 945 855 Göttingen (district) poly 61 617 6 624 5 598 25 579 22 550 30 530 22 505 16 490 28 469 19 453 23 425 46 413 83 336 75 296 94 279 95 275 290 272 293 8 313 4 331 2 362 29 393 -1 471 3 465 14 476 22 488 21 525 48 527 66 548 73 562 74 564 85 580 96 603 103 607 122 592 113 585 114 589 129 579 132 565 133 550 143 536 153 501 162 482 199 446 195 440 181 422 171 396 167 383 174 385 182 366 202 352 224 361 235 355 245 342 252 330 259 320 255 316 251 303 267 308 278 306 289 296 291 290 291 228 344 228 372 226 383 213 395 201 442 141 466 87 510 61 528 58 566 43 572 39 591 45 596 Holzminden (district) poly 468 12 480 23 491 20 530 44 532 68 553 75 558 73 572 82 583 97 601 102 614 115 636 102 654 117 667 106 703 132 750 109 728 63 760 49 766 53 775 36 821 77 828 67 820 58 817 34 839 22 947 35 944 2 478 3 Hildesheim (district) poly 930 323 948 302 944 37 863 36 835 22 820 35 816 55 826 68 827 78 823 79 863 123 864 152 853 158 860 172 878 177 880 231 884 238 867 239 871 257 913 265 911 320 Goslar (district) poly 946 309 948 617 928 609 928 600 907 589 916 578 927 576 933 560 911 556 904 522 909 506 887 485 887 471 900 469 900 459 907 453 920 420 913 410 923 373 929 372 933 368 929 345 926 326 Göttingen (district) poly 1 677 56 655 60 619 2 623 2 598 24 581 15 551 26 535 24 514 11 498 21 468 7 454 23 424 49 412 80 337 67 291 88 282 84 277 9 269 7 219 0 220 North Rhine-Westphalia poly 139 647 142 628 161 602 158 588 128 564 126 548 139 542 128 507 136 503 185 578 198 601 210 608 246 654 257 645 208 564 192 566 180 542 174 519 184 513 170 505 151 484 161 476 178 475 202 488 210 508 215 517 224 507 249 526 262 544 278 555 281 538 275 508 277 501 289 521 298 535 303 538 319 541 339 528 352 520 361 529 375 529 367 510 377 502 377 494 414 478 417 457 447 450 443 446 438 443 437 400 394 400 388 405 375 404 366 393 358 404 306 426 288 328 303 318 304 308 317 301 317 293 288 294 229 349 230 381 210 400 205 441 173 453 63 533 59 565 61 564 39 577 47 598 57 595 63 617 77 622 126 603 137 612 gemeindefreies Gebiet Solling desc bottom-right </imagemap>
Kalefeld Kalefeld
Coordinates: 51°47′53″N 10°02′06″E
Country	Germany
State	Lower Saxony
District	Northeim
Government
• Mayor (2021–26)	Jens Meyer (SPD)
Area
• Total	84.16 km2 (32.49 sq mi)
Elevation	125 m (410 ft)
Population  (2022-12-31)
• Total	6,089
• Density	72/km2 (190/sq mi)
Time zone	UTC+01:00 (CET)
• Summer (DST)	UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes	37589
Dialling codes	05553
Vehicle registration	NOM
Website	www.kalefeld.de

Kalefeld is a municipality in the district of Northeim, in Lower Saxony, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km north of Northeim. It comprises the villages of Dögerode, Eboldshausen, Echte, Kalefeld, Oldenrode, Oldershausen, Sebexen, Westerhof, Wiershausen, and Willershausen.

In 2008, a Roman battlefield was excavated near the town. Currently it is very probable that Roman legionaries won a battle for a blocked pass against local Germanic fighters.

Roman Battlefield of the early 3rd Century AD

In summer 2008 German archaeologists unearthed the remains of a battle fought in Magna Germania very probably between Roman legionaries and Germanic tribes. The archaeological find was originally made in 2000 by amateurs in a hilly pine-wooded region between Hanover and Kassel who discovered metallic items using metal-detectors.

The archaeologists have now ascertained that a fierce battle now called the Battle at the Harzhorn took place on the approach to a pass, involving archers and cavalry equipped with long-range catapults (Scorpio) capable of piercing shields at a distance of 300 metres (328 yards).

"The findings show that possibly 1,000 Romans were involved" in the battle, according to the leading archaeologist, Petra Lönne. "This is an unrivalled, well-preserved site," she added. Some 600 artefacts have been found so far, including spears, arrowheads, axes, armour plating, tent pegs, catapult bolts, and coins. In 2013, a complete coat of mail was discovered as well.

One such coin depicts the Roman emperor Commodus, who reigned from 180 to 192 AD (terminus post quem), while fragments of swords and carts suggest the battle took place in the first half of the third century AD

Contrary to the belief of the German media that the Romans completely retreated behind the river Rhine in the wake of the Teutoburg Forest massacre in which thousands of legionaries were slaughtered, historical records regularly reported about military operations as punitive raids east of the Rhine.

Such military operations are reported for the time of Caracalla and Maximinus Thrax, the first Roman soldier-emperor who reigned briefly from 235 to 238, was personally involved in operations against the Germanic tribes.

In April 2009 the responsible archaeologists presented six newly found silver denarii: one of Caracalla, three of Elagabalus, and two of Severus Alexander. The new discovery narrows the date of the battle down to between 230 AD and 235 AD.

Since January 2012, one of the units participating in the Roman battle is known as well: A Roman engineer's axe (dolabra) found on the battlefield is inscribed with LEG IIII (4th Legion) and further letters that reveal that its owner belonged to the Legio Quarta Flavia Severianan Alexandrina, which was stationed in Singidunum (now Belgrade, Serbia).

Churches

Weissenwasserkirche

• Weissenwasserkirche, built in 1145, romanesque architecture
• Liebfrauenkirche, built in 1872 with construction plans by Conrad Wilhelm Hase

External links

• Archaeology Daily News report from Dec. 16, 2008