Ohrdruf

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Coordinates: 50°49′41″N 10°43′58″E / 50.82806°N 10.73278°E / 50.82806; 10.73278
From English Wikipedia @ Freddythechick
For the forced labor camp, see Ohrdruf concentration camp. For other uses, see Ohrdruf (disambiguation).
Ohrdruf
Town
Railway station
Railway station
Coat of arms of Ohrdruf
Coat of arms
Location of Ohrdruf within Gotha district

<imagemap>File: Ohrdruf in GTH.svg | 240x240px poly 846 313 886 295 876 266 881 249 894 240 866 233 850 234 840 242 820 237 830 224 773 217 809 244 813 308 838 294 850 308 Bienstädt poly 891 146 868 140 856 126 833 115 839 99 825 90 841 56 862 60 865 55 924 48 922 66 919 84 936 93 938 117 933 127 936 140 Dachwig poly 746 173 765 163 759 157 769 135 837 112 837 95 825 91 841 56 793 48 787 54 749 61 733 117 734 129 721 165 Döllstädt poly 819 752 762 748 738 728 726 703 695 686 664 684 674 665 689 629 689 614 702 605 647 571 676 567 680 543 695 541 694 529 711 529 742 518 746 501 771 489 782 496 792 487 801 488 805 468 813 451 826 442 831 449 871 449 875 463 901 466 909 501 917 507 919 525 904 539 886 544 900 578 893 599 896 648 917 650 911 670 902 713 890 702 873 705 871 714 857 716 855 737 837 743 822 743 Drei Gleichen poly 555 694 548 676 525 652 539 616 556 613 571 592 629 581 645 568 612 634 621 651 615 661 603 651 585 659 577 686 Emleben poly 174 731 176 712 186 713 185 704 170 692 169 682 192 655 207 655 207 635 229 625 221 608 212 611 193 602 206 572 196 563 198 550 188 554 186 566 156 563 142 571 126 566 117 583 113 604 118 613 119 617 114 617 102 618 82 632 72 673 56 675 64 685 53 696 55 718 107 753 124 740 156 738 128 741 152 743 Waltershausen poly 693 284 713 273 717 260 740 259 753 237 777 218 760 203 745 170 712 163 721 173 715 178 702 181 701 194 678 193 683 202 691 208 680 210 678 214 676 225 672 241 665 241 665 251 652 258 667 271 661 282 Eschenbergen poly 309 835 306 792 288 789 270 773 259 772 279 746 265 732 270 725 283 721 293 694 332 677 354 666 361 658 364 680 386 693 389 683 408 684 410 680 389 670 396 665 412 654 402 643 412 636 400 630 432 630 422 616 415 610 423 609 429 619 439 615 445 628 467 634 499 691 491 700 489 708 454 704 441 723 415 719 409 734 389 735 381 737 354 738 372 755 384 755 395 759 414 752 426 748 409 765 417 786 396 816 369 808 361 816 342 822 332 831 Friedrichroda poly 734 424 723 416 697 417 698 413 708 387 705 375 697 356 700 345 691 335 709 322 719 323 722 329 731 325 740 329 737 335 730 349 750 364 753 365 766 364 774 371 776 377 765 379 784 398 784 423 772 432 Friemar poly 470 531 455 540 432 568 437 580 448 589 440 595 448 608 438 611 446 630 467 635 499 692 486 707 461 706 445 717 418 722 407 732 360 741 365 751 390 759 424 752 408 765 417 781 400 810 374 810 346 822 314 836 319 864 330 880 348 887 356 876 383 874 409 890 420 890 422 881 436 869 439 857 452 844 476 872 497 872 505 863 532 873 549 866 559 844 580 819 585 818 601 794 590 789 587 798 572 792 567 780 553 776 558 763 550 758 550 745 548 722 557 712 566 710 579 729 590 725 593 740 589 746 606 751 615 751 628 760 628 749 632 744 642 744 646 716 655 713 675 733 672 706 672 688 661 687 657 702 641 706 636 686 642 673 619 668 615 660 603 658 590 661 579 687 568 689 555 698 552 681 527 652 535 618 518 588 526 573 513 570 506 556 483 552 Georgenthal poly 853 233 892 238 901 234 908 205 897 200 906 192 902 177 905 159 896 147 841 168 806 196 785 197 790 209 771 215 775 222 833 224 821 235 827 241 842 241 850 233 Gierstädt poly 539 616 517 585 529 568 522 564 511 569 503 551 486 550 472 534 455 505 490 491 508 419 495 410 499 401 501 393 531 391 531 400 525 408 538 414 574 408 592 382 641 374 675 367 693 338 708 351 695 358 708 385 694 420 733 420 733 435 730 467 736 486 745 496 742 516 706 527 697 525 691 537 677 537 676 567 644 573 595 588 571 588 550 616 Gotha poly 774 217 789 206 785 196 801 193 839 164 892 145 874 141 858 127 833 117 816 119 767 140 758 156 765 164 750 177 Großfahner poly 574 793 576 774 609 753 611 749 589 746 591 739 592 725 586 722 567 709 555 710 547 724 549 757 561 756 553 769 555 776 565 777 Herrenhof poly 498 411 488 409 478 408 475 405 472 399 468 395 463 395 456 395 451 390 447 386 441 385 427 392 421 395 417 400 410 402 402 401 387 404 380 403 374 400 360 401 348 396 342 395 336 392 336 392 334 386 330 380 326 376 318 377 311 377 306 372 302 370 297 369 294 369 285 369 277 371 274 373 270 371 265 366 259 364 254 368 247 369 241 364 234 360 228 363 223 366 209 370 205 367 203 364 198 371 196 379 201 386 209 389 208 395 206 401 210 405 226 413 237 414 245 417 256 416 267 415 266 419 262 423 260 428 257 434 255 435 249 441 247 444 244 446 241 448 241 454 238 460 234 465 233 474 234 483 235 489 240 491 239 497 238 502 237 506 232 507 228 508 223 513 219 519 218 527 221 535 216 539 210 542 204 546 203 553 204 563 205 568 210 569 218 571 222 572 224 572 225 577 223 581 226 589 226 597 228 594 231 590 237 585 239 580 241 574 247 569 266 557 274 551 281 544 289 540 298 541 305 544 310 550 316 552 324 548 331 543 338 542 338 542 340 545 344 552 349 554 352 560 355 561 358 563 363 571 369 574 373 568 375 575 377 584 381 588 387 585 389 578 392 576 396 575 405 570 411 567 418 565 426 558 432 550 436 546 440 543 444 544 448 547 452 544 454 539 459 536 465 535 469 531 468 522 461 514 455 507 457 505 457 504 457 505 467 500 478 497 487 493 493 483 495 471 497 458 505 430 505 419 498 411 Hörsel poly 606 1105 615 1077 626 1071 638 1035 644 1037 654 1056 675 1023 674 993 682 988 682 982 667 969 669 966 697 964 701 955 684 946 661 952 644 913 667 889 687 897 695 883 687 860 659 857 661 864 662 867 659 888 649 884 643 906 627 916 640 921 640 929 619 924 588 952 544 954 551 971 538 989 550 1004 546 1033 523 1079 548 1078 566 1098 Luisenthal poly 743 354 732 342 740 332 732 324 723 325 713 322 720 314 718 305 695 285 716 275 719 264 740 261 780 216 804 243 816 262 824 284 811 309 796 313 792 322 781 334 778 349 Molschleben poly 912 651 892 644 893 630 892 589 902 576 886 542 904 543 909 530 917 521 917 508 909 499 899 462 872 459 871 446 884 413 897 412 914 412 915 432 921 415 952 428 955 466 967 477 992 477 1012 474 1018 459 1037 461 1035 470 1055 477 1067 485 1069 499 1079 529 1078 538 1042 555 1032 561 1024 556 1020 571 1032 594 1026 604 988 603 967 585 959 596 956 616 940 612 942 633 Nesse-Apfelstädt poly 193 343 206 373 235 361 276 374 302 369 309 376 331 375 324 341 360 341 409 318 440 297 466 298 464 321 479 336 479 356 464 385 478 407 503 409 504 391 533 394 533 412 563 410 590 389 639 373 670 370 707 326 717 318 717 305 696 286 666 282 660 260 674 237 677 214 692 210 684 197 704 185 681 186 664 179 609 176 558 214 532 210 521 206 496 213 489 229 461 234 453 213 441 212 423 226 409 248 392 259 351 261 344 284 244 324 243 338 226 343 208 339 Nessetal poly 868 450 882 419 902 412 901 402 892 383 876 378 873 354 864 347 846 336 832 385 834 418 826 443 826 455 Nottleben poly 503 1081 519 1069 506 1043 493 1030 500 1012 517 1010 509 995 502 973 513 935 488 926 476 896 483 882 501 869 533 873 547 865 568 837 596 809 600 789 588 797 574 788 604 766 614 751 624 758 636 742 648 744 645 709 657 715 678 731 672 701 674 686 695 689 727 704 750 739 762 749 885 757 898 773 880 803 843 806 819 800 826 833 843 831 853 843 854 856 832 890 832 909 829 926 813 947 795 956 754 950 724 957 721 995 715 999 709 1026 715 1042 704 1072 704 1094 674 1066 662 1063 658 1052 662 1040 678 1026 675 996 685 991 685 980 669 970 702 956 688 946 668 952 651 922 651 911 665 891 690 894 689 867 666 860 662 880 631 915 638 928 624 926 608 944 582 952 553 954 556 971 545 981 546 1014 548 1030 523 1081 518 1099 504 1095 Ohrdruf poly 809 446 834 433 834 400 828 386 842 342 820 341 814 368 768 374 765 379 783 396 781 423 792 423 795 436 809 452 Pferdingsleben poly 638 706 636 684 643 675 641 670 617 665 624 651 613 625 647 567 682 594 700 607 687 609 687 624 678 635 662 668 668 679 657 687 655 704 Schwabhausen poly 337 391 323 377 334 369 328 357 333 342 321 341 346 340 420 305 438 296 462 298 460 323 477 334 466 345 471 349 471 373 462 384 465 395 458 396 447 386 427 390 414 401 378 406 Sonneborn poly 249 782 225 771 217 758 204 755 170 736 179 718 188 716 163 681 192 658 206 658 210 633 231 627 231 623 277 623 280 627 268 640 272 647 290 659 287 697 292 695 285 715 261 733 279 748 259 774 Bad Tabarz poly 502 1076 489 1062 480 1066 454 1045 441 1042 435 1035 419 1043 384 1044 375 1028 372 1019 363 1003 359 992 354 982 354 960 358 943 351 929 344 914 327 913 304 915 298 898 311 893 308 882 324 858 324 876 349 888 357 876 386 874 404 890 420 889 418 876 424 877 430 869 445 864 443 846 453 845 476 872 489 872 498 883 483 877 471 891 481 909 481 920 505 933 498 969 506 997 513 1007 513 1013 501 1011 494 1018 490 1032 508 1041 517 1069 Tambach-Dietharz poly 683 185 673 187 662 176 647 174 641 179 617 177 610 162 597 126 609 117 605 116 590 108 582 95 603 84 603 44 599 41 618 32 634 32 652 14 696 20 698 29 713 31 718 41 717 60 745 61 733 122 737 135 724 161 702 159 698 170 692 172 Tonna poly 776 374 769 361 751 363 740 354 774 349 791 336 799 311 837 294 847 304 854 319 839 316 840 328 845 344 819 341 818 369 Tröchtelborn poly 749 497 735 484 728 449 739 428 776 429 784 420 794 423 794 429 811 452 804 464 806 490 779 486 783 498 767 488 Tüttleben poly 288 694 292 655 271 650 270 636 281 628 228 619 221 611 225 607 225 591 235 585 247 567 284 539 303 539 313 553 338 542 354 556 365 577 371 563 378 586 384 586 393 574 430 556 441 541 447 549 431 570 445 584 447 593 435 593 450 613 439 613 424 617 418 603 414 612 431 628 408 653 424 629 402 632 414 636 401 645 409 659 388 671 407 678 410 686 391 678 389 691 366 680 369 658 353 657 355 669 Waltershausen poly 890 382 929 363 931 347 948 344 932 316 886 313 883 296 840 317 845 339 877 350 875 380 Zimmernsupra

poly 3 269 3 3 334 6 333 268 Thuringia poly 1030 601 1034 596 1026 574 1023 558 1031 562 1065 537 1080 529 1072 494 1068 484 1056 475 1036 467 1033 461 1013 462 1006 475 989 470 983 483 977 477 965 477 954 462 953 427 919 417 920 423 897 412 898 392 891 379 929 365 938 344 945 341 935 327 928 310 890 314 885 278 877 253 893 239 980 260 1005 281 1027 232 1112 200 1114 186 1100 141 1114 137 1114 581 1109 581 1094 617 Erfurt poly 697 1114 699 1092 701 1093 700 1064 708 1055 699 1047 699 1051 706 1044 714 1044 712 1025 705 1019 714 991 721 991 728 958 739 953 746 948 797 957 810 942 818 930 829 923 822 906 834 912 829 879 850 858 855 837 839 823 838 834 818 829 824 818 815 806 821 800 842 808 879 802 881 786 895 772 888 755 819 751 819 742 843 742 846 738 855 735 859 714 870 709 875 695 872 697 868 706 895 705 902 710 909 661 917 647 936 637 942 632 944 610 947 614 953 619 959 612 967 588 978 593 997 602 1031 605 1091 615 1110 581 1111 579 1114 581 1114 1114 Ilm-Kreis poly 698 1114 698 1093 699 1112 699 1095 670 1059 655 1063 643 1036 639 1036 625 1073 615 1079 609 1101 563 1094 548 1077 524 1077 515 1098 502 1091 498 1069 489 1061 478 1068 448 1043 443 1043 429 1039 417 1047 391 1046 376 1032 370 1013 362 1001 355 985 357 941 351 923 340 912 313 913 308 918 300 895 311 886 309 877 316 866 308 794 284 795 278 776 264 776 254 769 252 777 227 777 213 756 191 748 164 732 156 740 138 741 121 740 106 754 78 739 61 827 40 826 20 848 34 859 5 884 27 908 1 922 -1 919 -1 1113 Schmalkalden-Meiningen poly -1 923 7 918 22 904 5 877 36 858 20 845 35 828 60 822 77 740 52 711 55 693 62 687 61 680 68 666 99 616 117 613 113 603 122 572 127 570 144 573 159 559 183 561 194 552 199 551 196 566 203 572 194 598 203 610 216 608 219 605 228 604 222 577 225 566 203 569 201 543 222 532 212 523 226 506 236 506 238 493 231 488 231 466 239 443 265 412 246 416 228 410 204 402 208 384 194 384 196 363 200 362 192 338 226 338 240 336 240 327 342 278 344 259 393 257 411 242 441 208 434 162 335 150 332 271 19 270 15 310 43 316 9 411 16 431 0 439 Wartburgkreis poly -1 438 12 433 12 406 41 319 16 309 23 270 5 270 8 211 -1 208 Eisenach poly 334 149 338 15 335 2 3 4 2 -1 5 0 922 -1 925 39 917 52 911 47 867 55 851 63 792 45 783 51 769 52 719 63 713 31 706 25 682 15 649 11 628 34 607 35 597 39 599 52 600 84 576 101 591 115 608 119 600 125 614 174 562 208 556 214 524 213 513 200 492 211 487 229 474 227 457 235 451 227 454 217 441 211 437 160 Unstrut-Hainich-Kreis poly 890 240 905 232 910 201 899 195 907 187 903 176 904 159 892 149 935 138 931 130 940 116 939 89 921 78 923 68 917 52 928 40 919 -1 1113 0 1114 135 1102 140 1113 186 1113 200 1027 229 1005 281 979 260 Sömmerda (district)

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Ohrdruf is located in Germany
Ohrdruf
Ohrdruf
Ohrdruf is located in Thuringia
Ohrdruf
Ohrdruf
Coordinates: 50°49′41″N 10°43′58″E / 50.82806°N 10.73278°E / 50.82806; 10.73278
CountryGermany
StateThuringia
DistrictGotha
Government
 • Mayor (2024–30) Stefan Schambach[1] (SPD)
Area
 • Total113.41 km2 (43.79 sq mi)
Elevation
375 m (1,230 ft)
Population
 (2022-12-31)[2]
 • Total9,613
 • Density85/km2 (220/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+01:00 (CET)
 • Summer (DST)UTC+02:00 (CEST)
Postal codes
99885
Dialling codes03624
Vehicle registrationGTH
Websitewww.ohrdruf.de

Ohrdruf (German: [ˈoːɐ̯ˌdʁʊf] <phonos file="De-Ohrdruf.ogg"></phonos>) is a small town in the district of Gotha in the German state of Thuringia. It lies some 30 km southwest of Erfurt at the foot of the northern slope of the Thuringian Forest. The former municipalities Crawinkel, Gräfenhain and Wölfis were merged into Ohrdruf in January 2019.

History

Medieval and early modern

Ohrdruf was reportedly founded in 724–726 by Saint Boniface, as the site of the first monastery in Thuringia, dedicated to Saint Michael. It was the first of several religious foundations in the town, the latest of which is the Carmelite monastery Karmel St. Elija (founded 1991).

Ohrdruf received municipal rights in 1399.[3] In 1550, under Georg II von Gleichen [de] work began on Schloss Ehrenstein at the site of the former 8th century monastery.[4]

During the 17th century, the Schloss fell to the Grafen von Hohenlohe who after 1760 made alterations to it in Baroque style.[4]

In 1695, the orphaned Johann Sebastian Bach came to live and attend school at Ohrdruf, under the care of his older brother Johann Christoph Bach (1671–1721), who had come here in 1690 as organist at the St. Michaelis Kirche (St Michael's Church) and as a teacher at the Lyceum. Johann Sebastian lived in Ohrdruf from the ages of 10 to 15.[4][5]

19th century

In the 19th century, the town became a centre of toy manufacturing. The Kewpie doll was produced here from 1913. There are still some old molds embedded in the facades of Ohrdruf buildings.

In 1869, the Hohenlohe family sold the Grafschaft Gleichen including the castle and town of Ohrdruf to the Duchy of Saxe-Gotha.[4]

Ohrdruf Town Hall
Schloss Ehrenstein after the recent fire
Tower of the St. Michaelis Kirche

World wars

The nearby Truppenübungsplatz Ohrdruf [de] (military training area) served as a POW camp during World War I, housing around 20,000 prisoners.[6] It was later used by the Wehrmacht and in the fall of 1944 a section of it became the Ohrdruf concentration camp.[7] The prisoners were used to construct roads, railways and tunnels. The latter were to include a temporary headquarters for the Nazi leadership following the evacuation of Berlin (Führerhauptquartier).[8][9]

According to German historian Rainer Karlsch, the facility built at nearby Jonastal was one of two locations where Kurt Diebner's team tested its nuclear energy project. During this process, according to Karlsch, prisoners of war were killed under the supervision of the SS.[citation needed]

Ohrdruf is believed to be the place where the historical Compiègne Wagon was blown up in an air attack in 1944. Ohrdruf was the first Nazi concentration camp to be liberated by the US Army, on 4 April 1945. Shortly thereafter, Generals Eisenhower, Patton and Bradley came here to look at the piles of dead bodies left behind by the SS.[7]

Post World War II

The military training area of Truppenübungsplatz Ohrdruf was taken over in July 1945 by the Red Army, since Thuringia became part of the Soviet occupation zone. The Nordlager -part of the concentration camp was razed. Two memorials to the dead were erected at around this time. In 1991, ownership was transferred to the German Defence Ministry. Since 1993, the Bundeswehr has been in charge of the area.[10]

The Soviet troops also used Schloss Ehrenstein from 1956 until 1971, leaving it in a desolate condition.[4]

Sights

  • Schloss Ehrenstein: A Renaissance castle with Baroque alterations, the restoration of Schloss Ehrenstein was completed in the fall of 2013 and a new exhibition on local history opened in the east wing. However, on 26 November 2013 a fire destroyed parts of the castle and many of the new exhibits. It was started inadvertently by workmen putting finishing touches to the south eastern corner of the castle. Sparks caused a smouldering fire that spread unnoticed. Despite the efforts of hundreds of fire fighters from all over the region, supported by Bundeswehr and Technisches Hilfswerk, large parts could not be saved. Small fires were still burning five days later. The town library and museum were severely damaged.[4]
  • St. Michaelis Kirche: Previous churches at the site go back to the 8th century. Associated with the Bach family, who worked there as organists, the church burned down in 1753 and 1808 when fires raged through the town, but was rebuilt each time. The church was again destroyed by Allied bombing in 1945, only the roofless 15th century tower remaining. This was covered by a concrete roof until 1998/99 when the tower was reconstructed. Today, the tower houses a small chapel and an exhibition on the church's history.[5][11]

See also

References

  1. ^ Gewählte Bürgermeister - aktuelle Landesübersicht, Freistaat Thüringen. Retrieved 25 June 2024.
  2. ^ "Bevölkerung der Gemeinden, erfüllenden Gemeinden und Verwaltungsgemeinschaften in Thüringen Gebietsstand: 31.12.2022" (in German). Thüringer Landesamt für Statistik. June 2023.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  3. ^  One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Ohrdruf". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 35.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 "Alles auf Anfang (German)". Monumente-online.de. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 "Sehenswertes in Ohrdruf (German)". Ohrdruf.de. Archived from the original on 13 November 2016. Retrieved 12 August 2014.
  6. ^ "Der Erste Weltkrieg in Thüringen (German)". Thüringer Allgemeine Zeitung. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 "Ohrdruf". United States Holocaust Memorial Museum Holocaust Encyclopedia. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  8. ^ "Außenlager Ohrdruf". Buchenwald.de. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  9. ^ "Spurensuche in der "Hölle von Ohrdruf" (German)". Ostthüringer Zeitung. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  10. ^ "Außenlager Ohrdruf". Buchenwald.de. Retrieved 6 August 2014.
  11. ^ "Der Turm der St. Michaelis Kirche (German)". Ohrdruf evangelisch.de. Retrieved 12 August 2014.

External links

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