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Eurovision Song Contest 1997

International song competition

The Eurovision Song Contest 1997 was the 42nd edition of the annual Eurovision Song Contest, held on 3 May 1997 at the Point Theatre in Dublin, Ireland. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ) and presented by Carrie Crowley and Ronan Keating, the contest was held in Ireland following the country's victory at the 1996 contest with the song "The Voice" by Eimear Quinn. The 1997 contest was the seventh – and to date last – edition to be staged in Ireland, as well as the fourth to be produced by RTÉ in five years. The Point Theatre served as the host venue for the third time, following the 1994 and 1995 contests, becoming the only venue to have been the site of three Eurovision Song Contests.

Eurovision Song Contest 1997
File:Eurovision Song Contest Logo 1997.svg
Dates
Final3 May 1997
Host
VenuePoint Theatre,
Dublin, Ireland
Presenter(s)
Musical directorFrank McNamara
Directed byIan McGarry
Executive supervisorMarie-Claire Vionnet
Executive producerNoel Curran
Host broadcasterRadio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ)
Participants
Number of entries25
Debuting countriesNone
Returning countries
Non-returning countries
  • <imagemap> File:ESC 1997 Map 2.svg|299px|alt=A coloured map of the countries of Europe poly 244 323 245 319 252 316 261 316 269 318 267 322 270 325 272 330 266 333 266 338 261 338 261 331 257 334 258 329 252 324 247 323 Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 289 469 287 465 288 456 288 451 286 447 292 443 295 442 297 443 312 426 310 422 308 420 303 407 296 403 292 401 284 407 283 408 283 404 276 404 276 402 276 398 272 395 275 395 278 390 276 385 282 384 289 378 294 385 294 379 300 380 305 373 308 374 315 371 318 371 322 375 331 376 331 382 330 384 324 389 320 389 320 393 323 397 321 399 322 402 317 402 318 414 329 414 329 409 333 412 336 419 339 426 344 432 354 432 358 432 356 435 368 440 375 444 381 448 380 453 374 449 369 447 367 449 362 456 368 461 368 466 364 472 358 477 355 478 353 486 353 491 351 491 351 494 346 494 343 488 332 484 327 483 327 480 333 478 343 479 353 476 358 473 361 468 358 458 355 456 351 449 340 446 338 439 331 437 332 426 319 426 319 429 312 426 298 442 298 446 301 448 299 454 299 467 293 465 Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 266 318 261 315 253 315 260 307 263 299 267 294 278 291 281 295 281 300 278 302 278 305 277 311 270 311 272 316 272 320 272 325 268 325 268 320 262 315 Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 276 385 274 377 272 377 267 380 268 375 272 371 276 366 277 363 285 363 289 361 293 361 293 363 292 363 292 374 304 374 304 372 306 372 303 377 298 379 294 379 294 384 290 381 287 378 284 381 Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 282 363 282 358 285 350 288 346 277 343 276 339 275 336 272 331 274 328 271 322 272 315 272 310 275 310 279 306 279 299 282 294 280 289 289 289 295 289 293 275 302 275 302 281 310 281 307 286 310 286 317 283 321 280 328 280 328 283 330 290 332 289 332 294 332 299 336 302 338 313 340 321 334 321 326 324 318 329 320 337 322 341 331 348 332 350 326 356 326 362 314 362 310 365 305 362 Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 225 234 219 246 213 252 221 255 225 273 229 280 233 288 229 294 238 294 241 296 241 304 230 311 236 314 225 320 209 318 199 316 197 320 193 318 182 321 192 311 197 310 203 310 208 305 202 308 189 301 199 295 196 284 207 285 212 277 208 267 200 265 188 272 176 266 181 258 189 258 192 268 199 265 199 260 200 251 197 241 201 232 193 223 196 220 206 221 216 220 229 201 226 217 218 223 211 231 United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 rect 270 404 283 416 Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 269 341 267 334 271 332 275 336 274 342 Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 69 539 0 539 0 503 69 502 131 469 137 458 135 455 139 448 137 441 143 441 147 425 153 420 150 415 141 415 134 410 136 401 132 397 142 392 155 398 173 403 187 405 198 409 210 417 220 417 220 426 233 426 233 424 239 424 239 429 248 454 226 465 206 465 195 476 190 476 184 484 160 482 152 484 148 488 144 482 141 474 138 471 133 469 69 502 69 538 Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 179 292 174 292 164 295 156 295 156 292 151 292 151 289 155 286 160 282 164 275 158 271 163 262 170 265 171 260 175 254 178 255 179 261 175 265 176 268 180 268 181 268 186 273 184 281 184 288 Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 293 275 291 268 290 266 292 264 289 257 291 248 296 248 300 242 304 242 303 253 306 257 317 261 318 266 318 272 311 277 Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 369 198 368 189 365 175 367 170 370 165 376 146 380 142 378 136 372 134 368 128 368 122 363 110 360 107 347 102 347 99 350 96 357 100 364 101 370 98 370 90 370 86 375 80 384 85 382 98 384 101 389 103 392 106 391 113 400 125 401 138 405 142 410 146 408 152 413 155 420 157 419 166 415 177 408 191 400 193 392 199 384 204 373 198 Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 278 231 274 227 274 219 271 201 273 189 283 180 297 172 304 162 314 150 316 132 325 118 320 113 324 105 336 94 348 84 362 71 372 69 321 11 311 0 322 0 322 11 371 69 381 71 385 72 383 77 385 82 385 86 374 81 371 85 371 94 370 101 363 101 357 101 351 95 349 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320 248 Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 569 535 559 523 556 517 557 512 559 496 564 493 568 506 Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 399 454 403 443 404 436 411 436 411 433 418 432 422 427 431 424 440 426 442 426 450 422 448 416 455 420 452 426 453 430 448 430 439 430 437 432 430 434 430 441 420 440 420 445 424 449 431 455 439 461 443 465 437 466 437 472 438 496 446 497 453 497 465 497 452 501 439 499 439 496 438 470 434 468 428 471 432 477 426 477 431 486 424 485 416 483 417 477 403 469 408 467 Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 rect 338 498 350 509 Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 331 376 321 374 321 371 313 371 307 375 304 375 305 363 314 363 322 362 328 364 324 358 330 352 333 350 338 350 342 346 351 347 356 349 358 352 362 356 355 362 355 370 350 374 336 377 327 374 Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 200 407 206 379 208 372 203 367 199 355 187 348 184 339 196 339 198 343 209 345 209 332 218 337 225 334 235 330 237 321 244 319 252 328 256 331 266 338 275 341 288 346 284 356 281 365 269 377 274 379 277 386 275 393 276 404 270 404 270 416 296 423 298 427 296 436 294 438 291 433 291 427 296 424 270 415 262 415 256 411 248 410 240 415 240 424 233 424 234 414 221 414 221 416 216 417 203 412 France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 582 375 591 371 596 371 604 374 604 381 605 383 615 383 615 389 618 398 623 405 628 410 625 414 612 416 602 423 593 429 587 437 581 441 574 439 568 447 558 448 561 453 557 459 555 456 557 449 554 448 549 454 540 455 536 464 524 470 515 465 505 464 503 467 503 474 496 476 489 474 473 470 468 463 458 458 461 451 461 444 455 444 455 438 464 433 476 433 477 426 483 421 477 421 464 423 461 430 453 431 454 423 452 418 454 413 460 410 467 414 479 416 497 414 504 402 517 396 530 395 542 395 556 394 563 391 570 387 577 383 Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 386 427 383 422 378 420 380 413 386 407 386 403 382 400 382 393 380 388 379 379 385 375 391 377 392 379 394 384 401 386 399 391 406 393 409 389 411 390 410 394 411 396 409 403 416 406 417 411 411 411 412 414 415 416 408 418 401 421 398 423 393 418 388 418 387 422 Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 96 539 97 533 104 524 106 520 116 514 128 512 134 505 144 489 152 499 161 502 170 503 180 506 183 511 181 531 183 536 186 539 96 539 Morocco in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 530 487 524 482 533 473 544 469 543 480 Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 148 137 144 133 140 127 132 124 138 123 140 115 132 109 142 109 143 106 136 103 145 94 149 99 152 106 160 108 171 112 175 108 181 118 184 128 176 135 156 137 151 140 Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 379 419 371 415 361 408 356 402 353 397 353 392 356 390 366 390 376 390 382 391 382 397 386 401 383 406 381 408 378 416 Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 369 415 362 411 356 411 349 406 349 404 351 403 346 399 344 393 340 390 337 396 333 392 333 390 342 388 350 384 350 380 353 376 360 377 366 381 369 382 376 380 379 384 381 391 369 391 359 390 359 392 354 392 353 394 355 402 366 410 370 414 Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 332 384 331 376 337 376 347 375 353 371 356 374 350 378 350 382 346 385 347 389 342 387 339 388 335 388 Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 395 229 395 223 380 227 380 221 386 214 394 207 403 207 412 207 412 214 415 225 415 228 409 231 400 225 397 229 Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 367 358 359 355 357 352 360 347 365 345 368 339 371 337 383 337 388 336 392 333 395 334 398 336 401 338 399 346 391 346 386 346 385 351 375 354 372 358 Slovakia in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 355 374 356 367 356 362 360 361 360 355 364 359 369 357 373 353 383 351 385 346 397 346 401 346 405 351 401 356 398 368 395 372 391 375 385 377 376 382 370 382 364 379 Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 416 399 412 395 411 390 407 390 401 390 399 385 396 384 395 381 389 376 395 374 399 360 402 356 408 348 415 348 422 346 423 350 426 346 431 345 436 339 445 345 449 352 455 359 453 367 456 373 463 371 470 368 471 375 466 375 464 381 463 391 455 388 448 389 442 392 438 397 Romania in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 392 273 391 266 383 264 381 265 377 255 383 249 394 249 401 245 406 248 411 249 415 252 417 256 411 264 413 268 409 272 403 275 400 277 396 272 Lithuania in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 340 321 339 316 338 313 335 305 335 300 331 300 333 293 333 287 338 283 343 282 350 276 357 272 359 272 364 277 368 278 371 275 379 275 387 275 392 273 399 274 403 286 404 291 400 296 403 299 407 309 411 317 406 324 403 331 406 337 395 334 385 336 380 338 377 335 372 336 371 332 366 332 363 328 355 330 352 327 349 324 Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 393 272 385 275 371 275 370 207 386 207 408 199 409 190 414 177 418 165 419 156 410 151 409 146 405 138 402 133 399 125 392 115 391 105 391 101 384 100 384 94 385 87 387 82 393 78 398 81 413 81 428 84 436 86 443 91 445 95 445 101 435 109 422 109 414 111 414 113 419 115 422 121 425 129 427 133 432 134 435 134 438 136 445 136 449 132 442 130 437 126 437 123 454 123 457 123 447 113 454 95 465 98 460 85 455 84 452 76 449 71 453 68 461 71 457 77 461 80 468 84 473 80 469 72 473 61 463 56 459 53 459 51 464 48 468 52 465 55 473 63 476 52 478 45 485 49 490 47 487 43 491 40 495 29 500 33 503 29 501 22 490 19 477 17 469 22 464 20 452 22 449 19 450 12 445 3 445 1 454 1 457 7 464 15 475 15 490 15 500 10 518 5 529 4 527 0 679 1 679 97 677 101 665 94 665 100 658 101 657 111 652 122 645 138 632 155 635 160 645 159 645 162 638 168 647 173 644 180 658 179 662 184 654 192 647 197 642 197 631 203 630 213 628 218 611 217 597 220 590 227 585 239 585 245 591 254 585 256 579 251 579 261 581 270 582 279 590 282 592 285 598 280 610 286 606 292 613 292 610 302 604 302 608 309 606 321 614 321 620 332 635 342 633 354 623 349 614 349 611 346 603 349 596 354 590 352 582 352 576 356 565 356 561 357 549 353 540 351 535 351 528 349 534 345 538 335 533 330 539 320 537 319 531 323 530 319 536 311 543 311 536 301 533 291 529 289 519 289 519 292 512 288 507 293 495 292 490 286 483 286 480 278 475 275 472 279 467 279 464 285 456 276 455 271 462 271 464 267 455 261 448 253 443 245 436 245 436 247 431 243 424 243 419 234 416 226 413 218 412 209 413 202 419 199 427 196 416 193 414 191 409 191 408 198 388 206 370 207 371 269 380 269 380 266 381 264 389 265 394 266 Russia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1997 poly 404 438 399 436 399 428 399 423 408 418 415 418 420 422 420 428 420 432 413 432 409 438 Macedonia in the Eurovision Song Contest desc bottom-right </imagemap>      Competing countries     Relegated countries unable to participate     Countries that participated in the past but not in 1997
Vote
Voting systemEach country awarded 12, 10, 8–1 points to their ten favourite songs
Winning song
1996 ← Eurovision Song Contest → 1998

Twenty-five countries participated in the contest, with a new relegation system introduced to determine which nations could participate, based on each country's average points total in previous contests. Italy made its first appearance since 1993, and Denmark, Germany, Hungary and Russia returned after last competing in 1995, having been prevented from competing the previous year after failing to progress from that event's qualifying round. Belgium, Finland and Slovakia, participants in the previous year's contest, were unable to return after being excluded by the new relegation rules.

The winner was the United Kingdom with the song "Love Shine a Light", written by Kimberley Rew and performed by Katrina and the Waves. Ireland, Turkey, Italy and Cyprus rounded out the top five, with Ireland earning their fifth placing in the top two within six years and Turkey and Cyprus achieving their best results to date. Five of the competing countries used televoting to determine their points, allowing the general viewing public a say in the results for the first time; following this successful trial all countries were encouraged to use this system starting from the following year's event. Entries were also permitted for the first time to feature no live music accompaniment, with each performance being able to use only a backing track rather than utilising any part of the orchestra or any live instrumentation from the performers themselves.

The 1997 event would prove to be a watershed for the contest, with many aspects of this event leaving a lasting impact on future editions of Eurovision. These included: the first openly LGBT artist, Iceland's Paul Oscar, selected to compete in the event; changes to contest rules led to the abandonment of live musical accompaniment in future events; a successful trial of televoting in five countries led to widespread adoption for all countries in 1998.

Location

 
Point Theatre, Dublin – host venue of the 1997 contest (pictured following redevelopment)

The 1997 contest took place in Dublin, Ireland, following the country's victory at the 1996 edition with the song "The Voice", performed by Eimear Quinn. It was the seventh time that Ireland had hosted the contest, having previously staged the event in 1971, 1981, 1988, 1993, 1994 and 1995, with all previous events held in Dublin except the 1993 contest which was held in Millstreet.[1] This was the fourth edition of the contest that Ireland had hosted within five years, and with this edition Ireland equalled the record for the nation which had staged the most contests, originally set by the United Kingdom in 1982.[2][3][4]

Given the financial impact to staging the contest for a fourth time in five years, there was early speculation following Ireland's win in the 1996 contest that RTÉ might stage the event as a co-production with BBC Northern Ireland, however ultimately the Irish broadcaster decided to organise the event on its own once again.[3][5] The selected venue was the Point Theatre, a concert and events venue located amongst the Dublin Docklands which had originally been built as a train depot to serve the nearby port. Opened as a music venue in 1988, it was closed for redevelopment and expansion in 2008 and is now known as the 3Arena.[6][7] The venue had previously hosted the 1994 and 1995 contests, and with this staging it became the only venue to have hosted three Eurovision Song Contests.[3][4][8]

Participating countries

Further information: List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest
Eurovision Song Contest 1997 – Participation summaries by country

Per the rules of the contest twenty-five countries were allowed to participate in the event.[9] Denmark, Germany, Hungary and Russia made a return to the contest after failing to progress from the qualifiying round in the previous year's contest, and Italy returned after last competing in 1993. Conversely Belgium, Finland and Slovakia, participants in the 1996 contest, were relegated and prevented from participating in this year's event.[3]

Three representatives who had previously performed as lead artists in the contest competed again at this year's event. Two artists represented their country for a second consecutive year, with Şebnem Paker returning for Turkey and Maarja-Liis Ilus, after previously participating with Ivo Linna in Oslo, competing as a solo artist for Estonia. Alma Čardžić also made a second appearance in the contest, having previously represented Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1994.[10]

Participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 1997[10][11][12]
Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s) Conductor
  Austria ORF Bettina Soriat "One Step" German
  • Marc Berry
  • Ina Siber
 No conductor
  Bosnia and Herzegovina RTVBiH Alma Čardžić "Goodbye" Bosnian
Sinan Alimanović
  Croatia HRT E.N.I. "Probudi me" Croatian
No conductor
  Cyprus CyBC Hara and Andreas Konstantinou "Mana mou" (Μάνα μου) Greek Constantina Konstantinou Stavros Lantsias
  Denmark DR Kølig Kaj[a] "Stemmen i mit liv" Danish
Jan Glæsel
  Estonia ETV Maarja "Keelatud maa" Estonian
  • Harmo Kallaste
  • Kaari Sillamaa
 Tarmo Leinatamm
  France France Télévision Fanny "Sentiments songes" French Jean-Paul Dréau Régis Dupré
  Germany NDR[b] Bianca Shomburg "Zeit" German
No conductor
  Greece ERT Marianna Zorba "Horepse" (Χόρεψε) Greek Manolis Manouselis Anacreon Papageorgiou
  Hungary MTV V.I.P. "Miért kell, hogy elmenj?" Hungarian
  • Krisztina Bokor Fekete
  • Sándor Józsa
  • Attila Kornyei
  • Viktor Rakonczai
 Péter Wolf
  Iceland RÚV Paul Oscar "Minn hinsti dans" Icelandic
Szymon Kuran
  Ireland RTÉ Marc Roberts "Mysterious Woman" English John Farry No conductor
  Italy RAI Jalisse "Fiumi di parole" Italian
  • Carmen di Domenico
  • Alessandra Drusian
  • Fabio Ricci
 Lucio Fabbri
  Malta PBS Debbie Scerri "Let Me Fly" English Ray Agius Ray Agius
  Netherlands NOS Mrs. Einstein "Niemand heeft nog tijd" Dutch Ed Hooijmans Dick Bakker
  Norway NRK Tor Endresen "San Francisco" Norwegian
Geir Langslet
  Poland TVP Anna Maria Jopek "Ale jestem" Polish
  • Magda Czapińska
  • Tomasz Lewandowski
 Krzesimir Dębski
  Portugal RTP Célia Lawson "Antes do adeus" Portuguese
Thilo Krasmann
  Russia ORT Alla Pugacheva "Primadonna" (Примадонна) Russian Alla Pugacheva Rutger Gunnarsson
  Slovenia RTVSLO Tanja Ribič "Zbudi se" Slovene
Mojmir Sepe
  Spain TVE Marcos Llunas "Sin rencor" Spanish Marcos Llunas Toni Xuclà
  Sweden SVT Blond "Bara hon älskar mig" Swedish Stephan Berg Curt-Eric Holmquist
   Switzerland SRG SSR Barbara Berta "Dentro di me" Italian Barbara Berta Pietro Damiani
  Turkey TRT Şebnem Paker and Grup Ethnic "Dinle" Turkish
Levent Çoker
  United Kingdom BBC Katrina and the Waves "Love Shine a Light" English Kimberley Rew Don Airey

Qualification

Due to the high number of countries wishing to enter the contest a relegation system was introduced in 1993 in order to reduce the number of countries which could compete in each year's contest. Any relegated countries would be able to return the following year, thus allowing all countries the opportunity to compete in at least one in every two editions.[14] The audio-only qualifying round used in 1996 had been poorly received among the competing countries, and so a new relegation system was introduced by the European Broadcasting Union for 1997 and future contests.[3][4] The twenty-five participants in the 1997 contest were made up of the previous year's winning country and host nation Ireland, and the twenty-four countries which had the highest average points total over the preceding four contests.[15] In cases where the average was identical between two or more countries the total number of points scored in the most recent contest determined the final order. Any countries which were not able to compete in the 1997 contest would then be eligible to compete in the 1998 event.[9][15]

Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Finland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Romania and Slovakia were therefore excluded from participating in the 1997 contest;[15] however following Israel's withdrawal due to the date of the final clashing with its Holocaust Remembrance Day Bosnia and Herzegovina was subsequently provided a reprieve and allowed to participate.[3][4] Macedonia was also excluded due to their failure to progress through the qualifying round in 1996.[16] The calculations used to determine the countries relegated for the 1997 contest are outlined in the table below.

Table key

  Qualifier
‡ Automatic qualifier
Calculation of average points to determine qualification for the 1997 contest[c]
Rank Country Average Yearly Point Totals[17][18][19][20]
1993 1994 1995 1996
1   Ireland ‡ 154.75 187 226 44 162
2   Norway 114.50 120 76 148 114
3   United Kingdom 95.00 164 63 76 77
4   Sweden 84.25 89 48 100 100
5   Malta 77.50 69 97 76 68
6   France 76.75 121 74 94 18
7   Poland 70.67 166 15 31
8   Hungary 62.50 DNQ 122 3 DNQ
9   Croatia 61.75 31 27 91 98
10    Switzerland 61.67 148 15 R 22
11   Netherlands 58.00 92 4 R 78
12   Portugal 57.50 60 73 5 92
13   Cyprus 54.75 17 51 79 72
14   Greece 53.00 64 44 68 36
15   Spain 52.75 58 17 119 17
16   Denmark 50.50 9 R 92 DNQ
17   Germany 49.00 18 128 1 DNQ
18   Estonia 48.00 DNQ 2 R 94
19   Austria 46.50 32 19 67 68
20   Italy 45.00 45
21   Russia 43.50 70 17 DNQ
22   Iceland 43.25 42 49 31 51
23   Israel[d] 42.50 4 R 81 DNQ
24   Slovenia 36.33 9 R 84 16
25   Turkey 29.33 10 R 21 57
26   Bosnia and Herzegovina[d] 23.25 27 39 14 13
27   Slovakia 17.00 DNQ 15 R 19
28   Romania 14.00 DNQ 14 R DNQ
29   Finland 13.33 20 11 R 9
30[e]   Belgium 11.00 3 R 8 22
31[e]   Luxembourg 11.00 11 R
32   Lithuania 0.00 0 R
–   Macedonia 0.00[f] DNQ

Production

 
Ronan Keating (pictured in 2002) served as co-presenter of the 1997 contest and performed during the interval act as lead singer of Boyzone.

The Eurovision Song Contest 1997 was produced by the Irish public broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ). Noel Curran served as executive producer, Ian McGarry served as director, Paula Farrell and John Casey served as designers, and Frank McNamara served as musical director, leading the RTÉ Concert Orchestra.[22][23][24]

Rehearsals in the contest venue for the competing acts began on 28 April 1997. Each country had two technical rehearsals in the week approaching the contest, with countries rehearsing in the order in which they would perform. The first rehearsals took place on 28 and 29 April, with each country allowed 40 minutes total on stage followed by a 20 minute press conference, followed by the second rehearsals on 30 April and 1 May lasting 30 minutes.[4][25][26][27][28] Times were also arranged during the week for the artists to be recorded in the RTÉ studios, with footage used during the postcards between each song.[4] Three dress rehearsals were held on 2 and 3 May, with an audience in attendance during the evening dress rehearsal on 2 May. The final dress rehearsal on 3 May was also recorded for use as a production stand-by in case of problems during the live contest.[4] A tight security presence was felt during the rehearsal week; emergency drills were held by Gardaí, including evacuations of the Point Theatre, as a precaution against potential disruption from loyalist paramilitaries as part of the wider sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland.[5][29]

The Irish television and radio presenter Carrie Crowley and the Irish singer Ronan Keating were the presenters of the 1997 contest.[5][30] The trophy awarded to the winners was designed by Maura Whelan and Luc Racine, and was presented by the previous year's winning artist Eimear Quinn.[31][32]

Format

Entries

Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration and performed in the language, or one of the languages, of the country which it represented. Short quotations from another language, no more than a single phrase repeated a maximum of three times, were permitted. A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance, and all participants were required to have reached the age of 16 in the year of the contest.[33] Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-only backing tracks. This was the first time that a competing song could be accompanied entirely with a backing track following a change to the contest rules, with the previous rules stating that any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage being mimed by the performers.[4][5] For those countries which opted to utilise the orchestra a separate musical director could be nominated to lead the orchestra during their performance, with the host musical director, Frank McNamara, also available to conduct for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor.[33][34] The entries from Austria, Croatia, Germany and Ireland were performed entirely without live orchestration.[10]

Selected entries were not permitted to be released commercially until after 3 February 1997 and after having been selected for the contest.[9] Each country's participating broadcaster was required to have selected their entry by 10 March, and all entries had to be submitted to the contest organisers by 19 March, including the score of the song for use by the orchestra, a sound recording of the entry and backing track for use during the contest, and the text of the song lyrics in its original language and translations in French and English for distribution to the participating broadcasters, their commentators and juries.[33]

Following the confirmation of the twenty-five competing countries, the draw to determine the running order was held on 28 November 1996.[9]

Voting procedure

Further information: Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest

The results of the 1997 contest were determined through the same scoring system as had first been introduced in 1975: each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry.[35][36] The points awarded by the majority of countries were determined by an assembled jury of sixteen individuals, which was required to be split evenly between members of the public and music professionals, comprised additionally of an equal number of men and women, and below and above 30 years of age. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and ten votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs in the top ten received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing; if a tie still remained, the youngest jury member would have the deciding vote.[36]

For the first time however, as part of a trial held by the contest organisers, televoting was used to determine the points from five of the participating countries.[5][35] In these countries viewers had a total of five minutes to register their vote by calling one of twenty-four different telephone numbers to represent the twenty-five competing entries except that which represented their own country. Once the voting phone lines were opened following the performance of the last competing entry, a video recap containing short clips of each competing entry with the accompanying phone number for voting was shown in order to aid viewers during the voting window.[37] In those countries which opted to use televoting to determine their points a jury was still required which would function as a back-up in case technical failure prevented the televote results from being used. The composition of the back-up juries in these countries was identical to the juries in the other countries with regards to profession, gender and age.[38]

Contest overview

 
Katrina Leskanich (pictured in 2014), lead singer of the 1997 winning performers Katrina and the Waves
 
Maarja-Liis Ilus (pictured in 2006) represented Estonia in the contest for a second consecutive year.

The contest took place on 3 May 1997 at 20:00 (IST) and lasted 3 hours and 11 minutes.[10][39]

The show was opened by good luck messages from past Eurovision winners and hosts to the contestants in the contest, and short interviews with previous contestants also featured preceding some of the postcards between the entries.[8][37] Irish boy band Boyzone, with co-presenter Keating as a member, featured as part of the show's interval act, performing the song "Let the Message Run Free".[5]

The winner was the United Kingdom represented by the song "Love Shine a Light", composed by Kimberley Rew and performed by Katrina and the Waves.[40] This was the United Kingdom's fifth contest win – their first in sixteen years – following victories in 1967, 1969, 1976 and 1981. As of 2024, this is the last winning UK Eurovision entry.[41] Ireland's second place finish earned them their fifth placing in the top two within six years, while Turkey and Cyprus achieved their highest placings yet by finishing third and fifth respectively.[5][42][43] Norway meanwhile finished in last place for the eighth time and received their fourth nul points.[5][44] Following this contest Italy's RAI declined to participate in future events and an Italian entry would not participate in the Eurovision Song Contest for 14 years, until the country's return at the 2011 event.[45][46]

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1997[10][47]
R/O Country Artist Song Points Place
1   Cyprus Hara and Andreas Konstantinou "Mana mou" 98 5
2   Turkey Şebnem Paker and Grup Ethnic "Dinle" 121 3
3   Norway Tor Endresen "San Francisco" 0 24
4   Austria Bettina Soriat "One Step" 12 21
5   Ireland Marc Roberts "Mysterious Woman" 157 2
6   Slovenia Tanja Ribič "Zbudi se" 60 10
7    Switzerland Barbara Berta "Dentro di me" 5 22
8   Netherlands Mrs. Einstein "Niemand heeft nog tijd" 5 22
9   Italy Jalisse "Fiumi di parole" 114 4
10   Spain Marcos Llunas "Sin rencor" 96 6
11   Germany Bianca Shomburg "Zeit" 22 18
12   Poland Anna Maria Jopek "Ale jestem" 54 11
13   Estonia Maarja "Keelatud maa" 82 8
14   Bosnia and Herzegovina Alma Čardžić "Goodbye" 22 18
15   Portugal Célia Lawson "Antes do adeus" 0 24
16   Sweden Blond "Bara hon älskar mig" 36 14
17   Greece Marianna Zorba "Horepse" 39 12
18   Malta Debbie Scerri "Let Me Fly" 66 9
19   Hungary V.I.P. "Miért kell, hogy elmenj?" 39 12
20   Russia Alla Pugacheva "Primadonna" 33 15
21   Denmark Kølig Kaj[a] "Stemmen i mit liv" 25 16
22   France Fanny "Sentiments songes" 95 7
23   Croatia E.N.I. "Probudi me" 24 17
24   United Kingdom Katrina and the Waves "Love Shine a Light" 227 1
25   Iceland Paul Oscar "Minn hinsti dans" 18 20

Spokespersons

 
Marie Myriam (pictured in 2007), winner of the 1977 contest, was one of the French spokespersons at this event.[48]

Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for their respective country.[36][49] As had been the case since the 1994 contest, the spokespersons were connected via satellite and appeared in vision during the broadcast.[50] Spokespersons at the 1997 contest are listed below.[37]

  1.   Cyprus – Marios Skordis
  2.   Turkey – Ömer Önder
  3.   Norway – Ragnhild Sælthun Fjørtoft
  4.   Austria – Adriana Zartl [de]
  5.   Ireland – Eileen Dunne[51]
  6.   Slovenia – Mojca Mavec [sl]
  7.    Switzerland – Sandy Altermatt [it]
  8.   Netherlands – Corry Brokken
  9.   Italy – Peppi Franzelin [it]
  10.   Spain – Belén Fernández de Henestrosa
  11.   Germany – Christina Mänz
  12.   Poland – Jan Chojnacki
  13.   Estonia – Helene Tedre[52]
  14.   Bosnia and Herzegovina – Segmedina Srna
  15.   Portugal – Cristina Rocha
  16.   Sweden – Gösta Hanson[53]
  17.   Greece – Niki Venega
  18.   Malta – Anna Bonanno
  19.   Hungary – Györgyi Albert [hu][54]
  20.   Russia – Arina Sharapova[55]
  21.   Denmark – Bent Henius [da]
  22.   France – Frédéric Ferrer [fr] and Marie Myriam
  23.   Croatia – Davor Meštrović [hr]
  24.   United Kingdom – Colin Berry[38]
  25.   Iceland – Svanhildur Konráðsdóttir

Detailed voting results

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by most countries, with televoting used in Austria, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden and the United Kingdom.[3][38][15] The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order.[37][36] The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.

Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1997[38][56][57]
Voting procedure used:
  100% jury vote
  100% televoting
Total score
Cyprus
Turkey
Norway
Austria
Ireland
Slovenia
Switzerland
Netherlands
Italy
Spain
Germany
Poland
Estonia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Portugal
Sweden
Greece
Malta
Hungary
Russia
Denmark
France
Croatia
United Kingdom
Iceland
Contestants
 Cyprus 98 2 3 4 4 10 4 10 5 1 3 12 7 1 7 4 4 5 12
Turkey 121 7 2 6 2 7 12 12 6 12 5 6 7 10 6 4 6 4 7
Norway 0
Austria 12 3 1 5 3
Ireland 157 8 6 3 10 1 7 4 10 6 8 7 8 8 10 10 8 5 10 10 6 12
Slovenia 60 2 10 2 4 7 4 3 5 10 7 3 3
Switzerland 5 2 3
Netherlands 5 1 4
Italy 114 6 5 1 1 10 10 7 8 4 8 6 12 3 5 3 7 4 10 3 1
Spain 96 10 4 6 5 8 6 3 2 4 8 6 12 10 8 2 2
Germany 22 3 5 5 3 1 5
Poland 54 4 8 7 1 1 2 6 3 4 2 1 7 5 3
Estonia 82 1 6 8 3 12 4 7 6 1 1 1 4 8 8 10 2
Bosnia and Herzegovina 22 8 4 2 3 4 1
Portugal 0
Sweden 36 8 5 6 6 7 4
Greece 39 12 5 7 6 2 7
Malta 66 5 12 10 7 6 1 5 8 3 1 8
Hungary 39 3 4 5 5 2 5 2 8 5
Russia 33 1 5 12 8 7
Denmark 25 7 1 7 2 2 6
France 95 3 2 12 10 2 3 5 12 12 3 6 2 4 2 6 1 10
Croatia 24 4 1 3 2 5 8 1
United Kingdom 227 7 7 6 12 12 8 12 12 8 5 10 10 10 10 7 12 10 1 12 12 12 12 12 8
Iceland 18 2 2 8 6

12 points

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. The United Kingdom received the maximum score of 12 points from ten countries, with France and Turkey receiving three sets of 12 points each, Cyprus receiving two sets of 12 points, and Estonia, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Malta, Russia and Spain each receiving one maximum score.[56][57]

Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 1997[56][57]
N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
10   United Kingdom   Austria,   Croatia,   Denmark,   France,   Hungary,   Ireland,   Netherlands,   Russia,   Sweden,    Switzerland
3   France   Estonia,   Norway,   Poland
  Turkey   Bosnia and Herzegovina,   Germany,   Spain
2   Cyprus   Greece,   Iceland
1   Estonia   Italy
  Greece   Cyprus
  Ireland   United Kingdom
  Italy   Portugal
  Malta   Turkey
  Russia   Slovenia
  Spain   Malta

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest live and in full via television.[58] Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants"; any passive countries wishing to participate in the following year's event were also required to provide a live broadcast of the contest or a deferred broadcast within 24 hours.[39] Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their viewers.[59]

Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators, are shown in the tables below:

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref.
  Austria ORF ORF 1 Ernst Grissemann [60][61]
FM4 Stermann & Grissemann [62]
  Croatia HRT HRT1 Aleksandar Kostadinov [63][64]
  Cyprus CyBC RIK 1 [65]
  Denmark DR DR1 Hans Otto Bisgaard [66]
DR P3 Katrine Nyland Sørensen and Morten H. Pankoke
KNR KNR[g] Hans Otto Bisgaard [67]
SVF[h] [68]
  Estonia ETV [69]
ER Vikerraadio
  France France Télévision France 2 Olivier Minne [70]
  Germany ARD Das Erste Peter Urban [71]
  Greece ERT ET1 Dafni Bokota [65]
  Hungary MTV MTV 1 István Vágó [54]
  Iceland RÚV Sjónvarpið, Rás 2 Jakob Frímann Magnússon [72]
  Ireland RTÉ RTÉ One Pat Kenny [58][73][74]
RTÉ Radio 1 Larry Gogan
  Italy RAI RAI Uno[i] Ettore Andenna [it] [75][76]
  Netherlands NOS TV2 Willem van Beusekom [77]
Radio 2 [78]
  Norway NRK NRK1 Jostein Pedersen [79]
NRK P1 Kristian Lindeman [no] [79][80]
  Poland TVP TVP1 Jan Wilkans [81][82]
Polskie Radio Bis Artur Orzech
  Portugal RTP RTP1, RTP Internacional[j] [83][84]
  Russia ORT Philipp Kirkorov and Sergey Antipov [55][85]
  Slovenia RTVSLO SLO 1 [sl] [86]
TV Koper-Capodistria
Val 202 Andrej Karoli [sl]
  Spain TVE La Primera, TVE Internacional[k] José Luis Uribarri [83][87]
  Sweden SVT SVT2 Janne Jingryd [sv] [53][79]
SR SR P3 Claes-Johan Larsson and Susan Seidemar [53]
   Switzerland SRG SSR Schweiz 4 Sandra Studer [60]
TSR Pierre Grandjean [83]
TSI
  Turkey TRT TRT 1, TRT Int [88]
  United Kingdom BBC BBC1, BBC Prime Terry Wogan [79][89]
BBC Radio 2 Ken Bruce [90]
BFBS BFBS Television[l] Terry Wogan [91]
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref.
  Australia SBS SBS TV[m] [92]
  Belgium BRTN TV1 André Vermeulen [93][94]
RTBF RTBF La 1 Jean-Pierre Hautier [71]
  Finland YLE TV1 Aki Sirkesalo and Olli Ahvenlahti [95][96]
Radio Suomi Iris Mattila and Sanna Kojo
  Israel IBA Channel 1 [97]
  Jordan JRTV JTV2 [98]
  Romania TVR TVR 1 Doina Caramzulescu and Costin Grigore [99]
  Slovakia STV STV2 [sk][n] [100]

Other awards

Barbara Dex Award

The Barbara Dex Award was first organised for artists in this year's contest. The award, created by the fansite House of Eurovision, was awarded to the performer deemed to have been the "worst dressed" among the participants.[101][102] The winner in 1997 was Malta's representative, Debbie Scerri (as determined by the founders of the House of Eurovision site, Edwin van Thillo and Rob Paardekam).[103][104][105]

Legacy

See also: LGBT visibility in the Eurovision Song Contest and Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest

The Eurovision Song Contest has long held a fandom within the LGBT community, however it was not until the 1997 event that an openly LGBT artist was selected to compete in the event. Iceland's Paul Oscar was the first openly gay man to compete as a lead artist in Eurovision.[106][107] Paul Oscar's participation, as well as changing attitudes to homosexuality in Europe in the following years, marked the beginning of wider visibility of LGBT artists and themes; the following year's event provided the first trans participant in Israel's Dana International, 2002 saw Slovenia's Sestre become the first competing artists to perform in drag,[o] and the 2000 contest contained the first display of same-sex affection on stage through a kiss between the two male members of the Israeli band PingPong.[107][108][109] Since the 1997 contest many openly LGBT artists have competed in the contest, including several winners, among them Dana International, Austria's Conchita Wurst in 2014, and the Netherlands' Duncan Laurence in 2019.[110] Paul Oscar's contest performance, which featured four female backing dancers dressed in black latex clothing and sexually suggestive choreography, pushed the boundaries for sexual expression on the Eurovision stage for the first time.[111][112]

 
Iceland's Paul Oscar was the first openly LGBT artist to compete at Eurovision

The changes in the rules regarding the use of orchestra for this contest would eventually lead to the complete abandonment of live musical accompaniment in the Eurovision Song Contest. Ahead of the 1999 event the rules were modified again to make the procurement of an orchestra an optional component to staging the event, with that year's event becoming the first to have all competing entries performed to pre-recorded backing tracks.[113] The rules of the contest have since been modified further, and no live musical accompaniment is now allowed for any competing entries.[59][10] The abolishment of the orchestra proved controversial among some circles, with three-time, former Eurovision winner Johnny Logan referring to the modified event as "karaoke" in 2000.[114]

The introduction of televoting to the contest followed several years of successive Irish wins, with the national juries typically voting for more traditional, middle-of-the-road songs than those that represented the wider tastes of the general public, as was the case in 1996 when Eimear Quinn's "The Voice" was victorious over more modern entries such as Gina G's "Ooh Aah... Just a Little Bit", which represented the United Kingdom at that year's event and would go on to receive a nomination for Best Dance Recording at the 1998 Grammy Awards.[8][115][116] The successful trial of televoting in five countries led to widespread adoption for all countries in 1998, and public voting continues to play a part in determining the result of the contest to the present day.[3][59] The widespread use of televoting in the following years would however lead to accusations of greater political bias and "bloc voting", with the perception that neighbouring countries swap points and large diasporas are able to vote en masse for their native countries, skewing the results in their favour.[117][118][119] Controversy over the perceived unfairness of the voting system reached a head in 2007, when the public vote largely rewarded the entries from Eastern European countries over those from Western Europe.[120][121] The EBU would ultimately make changes to mitigate the impact of neighbourly voting by splitting countries by geographical location and voting history in the semi-finals from 2008 and re-introducing juries to account for 50% of each country's points in 2009.[122][123][124]

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Credited on screen as Thomas Lægaard
  2. ^ On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[13]
  3. ^ Determined by totalling all points awarded in the past four contests and dividing by the number of times that country had participated[9]
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 As Israel decided not to participate, the eliminated country with the next highest average points total, Bosnia and Herzegovina, was awarded their place.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Despite having the same average score Belgium ranked higher than Luxembourg by virtue of receiving more points in the most recent contest.[9]
  6. ^ Despite not participating in the 1996 contest, in what would have been its début entry, due to failing to progress from the qualifying round, Macedonia was deemed as having finished with 0 points for the purposes of calculating its average points for the 1997 contest.[21]
  7. ^ Deferred broadcast on 22:55 (GNST)[67]
  8. ^ Delayed broadcast on the following day at 13:00 (WET)[68]
  9. ^ Deferred broadcast at 23:30 (CEST)[75]
  10. ^ Deferred broadcast on RTP Internacional at 21:30 (WEST)[83]
  11. ^ Deferred broadcast on La Primera at 21:30 (CEST) and on TVE Internacional at 22:45 (CEST)[83][87]
  12. ^ Delayed broadcast in the Falkland Islands on 17 May at 21:00 (FKST)[91]
  13. ^ Deferred broadcast on 4 May at 19:00 (ACST)[92]
  14. ^ Deferred broadcast on 4 May at 21:35 (CEST)[100]
  15. ^ Although a member of the Norwegian drag act the Great Garlic Girls performed as backing vocalist for Norway's Ketil Stokkan at the 1986 contest in drag, they were not credited for their performance.[108]

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Bibliography

  • O'Connor, John Kennedy (2010). The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History (2nd ed.). London, United Kingdom: Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84732-521-1.
  • Roxburgh, Gordon (2020). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Four: The 1990s. Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-163-9.
  • Thorsson, Leif; Verhage, Martin (2006). Melodifestivalen genom tiderna : de svenska uttagningarna och internationella finalerna [Melodifestivalen through the ages: the Swedish selections and international finals] (in svenska). Stockholm, Sweden: Premium Publishing. pp. 260–261. ISBN 91-89136-29-2.
  • West, Chris (2020). Eurovision! : A History of Modern Europe Through the World's Greatest Song Contest. London, United Kingdom: Melville House UK. pp. 191–195. ISBN 978-1-911545-55-2.

External links

 
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