Eurovision Song Contest 1999

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Eurovision Song Contest 1999
File:ESC 1999 logo.jpg
Dates
Final29 May 1999 (1999-05-29)
Host
VenueInternational Convention Centre
Jerusalem, Israel
Presenter(s)
Directed byHagai Mautner
Executive supervisorChristine Marchal-Ortiz
Executive producerAmnon Barkai
Host broadcasterIsrael Broadcasting Authority (IBA)
Participants
Number of entries23
Debuting countriesNone
Returning countries
Non-returning countries
  • <imagemap> File:ESC 1999 Map 2.svg|299px|alt=A coloured map of the countries of Europe poly 244 323 245 319 252 316 261 316 269 318 267 322 270 325 272 330 266 333 266 338 261 338 261 331 257 334 258 329 252 324 247 323 Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 289 469 287 465 288 456 288 451 286 447 292 443 295 442 297 443 312 426 310 422 308 420 303 407 296 403 292 401 284 407 283 408 283 404 276 404 276 402 276 398 272 395 275 395 278 390 276 385 282 384 289 378 294 385 294 379 300 380 305 373 308 374 315 371 318 371 322 375 331 376 331 382 330 384 324 389 320 389 320 393 323 397 321 399 322 402 317 402 318 414 329 414 329 409 333 412 336 419 339 426 344 432 354 432 358 432 356 435 368 440 375 444 381 448 380 453 374 449 369 447 367 449 362 456 368 461 368 466 364 472 358 477 355 478 353 486 353 491 351 491 351 494 346 494 343 488 332 484 327 483 327 480 333 478 343 479 353 476 358 473 361 468 358 458 355 456 351 449 340 446 338 439 331 437 332 426 319 426 319 429 312 426 298 442 298 446 301 448 299 454 299 467 293 465 Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 266 318 261 315 253 315 260 307 263 299 267 294 278 291 281 295 281 300 278 302 278 305 277 311 270 311 272 316 272 320 272 325 268 325 268 320 262 315 Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 276 385 274 377 272 377 267 380 268 375 272 371 276 366 277 363 285 363 289 361 293 361 293 363 292 363 292 374 304 374 304 372 306 372 303 377 298 379 294 379 294 384 290 381 287 378 284 381 Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 282 363 282 358 285 350 288 346 277 343 276 339 275 336 272 331 274 328 271 322 272 315 272 310 275 310 279 306 279 299 282 294 280 289 289 289 295 289 293 275 302 275 302 281 310 281 307 286 310 286 317 283 321 280 328 280 328 283 330 290 332 289 332 294 332 299 336 302 338 313 340 321 334 321 326 324 318 329 320 337 322 341 331 348 332 350 326 356 326 362 314 362 310 365 305 362 Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 225 234 219 246 213 252 221 255 225 273 229 280 233 288 229 294 238 294 241 296 241 304 230 311 236 314 225 320 209 318 199 316 197 320 193 318 182 321 192 311 197 310 203 310 208 305 202 308 189 301 199 295 196 284 207 285 212 277 208 267 200 265 188 272 176 266 181 258 189 258 192 268 199 265 199 260 200 251 197 241 201 232 193 223 196 220 206 221 216 220 229 201 226 217 218 223 211 231 United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 rect 270 404 283 416 Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 269 341 267 334 271 332 275 336 274 342 Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 69 539 0 539 0 503 69 502 131 469 137 458 135 455 139 448 137 441 143 441 147 425 153 420 150 415 141 415 134 410 136 401 132 397 142 392 155 398 173 403 187 405 198 409 210 417 220 417 220 426 233 426 233 424 239 424 239 429 248 454 226 465 206 465 195 476 190 476 184 484 160 482 152 484 148 488 144 482 141 474 138 471 133 469 69 502 69 538 Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 179 292 174 292 164 295 156 295 156 292 151 292 151 289 155 286 160 282 164 275 158 271 163 262 170 265 171 260 175 254 178 255 179 261 175 265 176 268 180 268 181 268 186 273 184 281 184 288 Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 293 275 291 268 290 266 292 264 289 257 291 248 296 248 300 242 304 242 303 253 306 257 317 261 318 266 318 272 311 277 Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 369 198 368 189 365 175 367 170 370 165 376 146 380 142 378 136 372 134 368 128 368 122 363 110 360 107 347 102 347 99 350 96 357 100 364 101 370 98 370 90 370 86 375 80 384 85 382 98 384 101 389 103 392 106 391 113 400 125 401 138 405 142 410 146 408 152 413 155 420 157 419 166 415 177 408 191 400 193 392 199 384 204 373 198 Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 278 231 274 227 274 219 271 201 273 189 283 180 297 172 304 162 314 150 316 132 325 118 320 113 324 105 336 94 348 84 362 71 372 69 321 11 311 0 322 0 322 11 371 69 381 71 385 72 383 77 385 82 385 86 374 81 371 85 371 94 370 101 363 101 357 101 351 95 349 100 347 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Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 569 535 559 523 556 517 557 512 559 496 564 493 568 506 Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 399 454 403 443 404 436 411 436 411 433 418 432 422 427 431 424 440 426 442 426 450 422 448 416 455 420 452 426 453 430 448 430 439 430 437 432 430 434 430 441 420 440 420 445 424 449 431 455 439 461 443 465 437 466 437 472 438 496 446 497 453 497 465 497 452 501 439 499 439 496 438 470 434 468 428 471 432 477 426 477 431 486 424 485 416 483 417 477 403 469 408 467 Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest rect 338 498 350 509 Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 331 376 321 374 321 371 313 371 307 375 304 375 305 363 314 363 322 362 328 364 324 358 330 352 333 350 338 350 342 346 351 347 356 349 358 352 362 356 355 362 355 370 350 374 336 377 327 374 Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 200 407 206 379 208 372 203 367 199 355 187 348 184 339 196 339 198 343 209 345 209 332 218 337 225 334 235 330 237 321 244 319 252 328 256 331 266 338 275 341 288 346 284 356 281 365 269 377 274 379 277 386 275 393 276 404 270 404 270 416 296 423 298 427 296 436 294 438 291 433 291 427 296 424 270 415 262 415 256 411 248 410 240 415 240 424 233 424 234 414 221 414 221 416 216 417 203 412 France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 582 375 591 371 596 371 604 374 604 381 605 383 615 383 615 389 618 398 623 405 628 410 625 414 612 416 602 423 593 429 587 437 581 441 574 439 568 447 558 448 561 453 557 459 555 456 557 449 554 448 549 454 540 455 536 464 524 470 515 465 505 464 503 467 503 474 496 476 489 474 473 470 468 463 458 458 461 451 461 444 455 444 455 438 464 433 476 433 477 426 483 421 477 421 464 423 461 430 453 431 454 423 452 418 454 413 460 410 467 414 479 416 497 414 504 402 517 396 530 395 542 395 556 394 563 391 570 387 577 383 Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 386 427 383 422 378 420 380 413 386 407 386 403 382 400 382 393 380 388 379 379 385 375 391 377 392 379 394 384 401 386 399 391 406 393 409 389 411 390 410 394 411 396 409 403 416 406 417 411 411 411 412 414 415 416 408 418 401 421 398 423 393 418 388 418 387 422 Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 96 539 97 533 104 524 106 520 116 514 128 512 134 505 144 489 152 499 161 502 170 503 180 506 183 511 181 531 183 536 186 539 96 539 Morocco in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 530 487 524 482 533 473 544 469 543 480 Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 148 137 144 133 140 127 132 124 138 123 140 115 132 109 142 109 143 106 136 103 145 94 149 99 152 106 160 108 171 112 175 108 181 118 184 128 176 135 156 137 151 140 Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 379 419 371 415 361 408 356 402 353 397 353 392 356 390 366 390 376 390 382 391 382 397 386 401 383 406 381 408 378 416 Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 369 415 362 411 356 411 349 406 349 404 351 403 346 399 344 393 340 390 337 396 333 392 333 390 342 388 350 384 350 380 353 376 360 377 366 381 369 382 376 380 379 384 381 391 369 391 359 390 359 392 354 392 353 394 355 402 366 410 370 414 Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 332 384 331 376 337 376 347 375 353 371 356 374 350 378 350 382 346 385 347 389 342 387 339 388 335 388 Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 395 229 395 223 380 227 380 221 386 214 394 207 403 207 412 207 412 214 415 225 415 228 409 231 400 225 397 229 Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 367 358 359 355 357 352 360 347 365 345 368 339 371 337 383 337 388 336 392 333 395 334 398 336 401 338 399 346 391 346 386 346 385 351 375 354 372 358 Slovakia in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 355 374 356 367 356 362 360 361 360 355 364 359 369 357 373 353 383 351 385 346 397 346 401 346 405 351 401 356 398 368 395 372 391 375 385 377 376 382 370 382 364 379 Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 416 399 412 395 411 390 407 390 401 390 399 385 396 384 395 381 389 376 395 374 399 360 402 356 408 348 415 348 422 346 423 350 426 346 431 345 436 339 445 345 449 352 455 359 453 367 456 373 463 371 470 368 471 375 466 375 464 381 463 391 455 388 448 389 442 392 438 397 Romania in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 392 273 391 266 383 264 381 265 377 255 383 249 394 249 401 245 406 248 411 249 415 252 417 256 411 264 413 268 409 272 403 275 400 277 396 272 Lithuania in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 340 321 339 316 338 313 335 305 335 300 331 300 333 293 333 287 338 283 343 282 350 276 357 272 359 272 364 277 368 278 371 275 379 275 387 275 392 273 399 274 403 286 404 291 400 296 403 299 407 309 411 317 406 324 403 331 406 337 395 334 385 336 380 338 377 335 372 336 371 332 366 332 363 328 355 330 352 327 349 324 Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1999 poly 393 272 385 275 371 275 370 207 386 207 408 199 409 190 414 177 418 165 419 156 410 151 409 146 405 138 402 133 399 125 392 115 391 105 391 101 384 100 384 94 385 87 387 82 393 78 398 81 413 81 428 84 436 86 443 91 445 95 445 101 435 109 422 109 414 111 414 113 419 115 422 121 425 129 427 133 432 134 435 134 438 136 445 136 449 132 442 130 437 126 437 123 454 123 457 123 447 113 454 95 465 98 460 85 455 84 452 76 449 71 453 68 461 71 457 77 461 80 468 84 473 80 469 72 473 61 463 56 459 53 459 51 464 48 468 52 465 55 473 63 476 52 478 45 485 49 490 47 487 43 491 40 495 29 500 33 503 29 501 22 490 19 477 17 469 22 464 20 452 22 449 19 450 12 445 3 445 1 454 1 457 7 464 15 475 15 490 15 500 10 518 5 529 4 527 0 679 1 679 97 677 101 665 94 665 100 658 101 657 111 652 122 645 138 632 155 635 160 645 159 645 162 638 168 647 173 644 180 658 179 662 184 654 192 647 197 642 197 631 203 630 213 628 218 611 217 597 220 590 227 585 239 585 245 591 254 585 256 579 251 579 261 581 270 582 279 590 282 592 285 598 280 610 286 606 292 613 292 610 302 604 302 608 309 606 321 614 321 620 332 635 342 633 354 623 349 614 349 611 346 603 349 596 354 590 352 582 352 576 356 565 356 561 357 549 353 540 351 535 351 528 349 534 345 538 335 533 330 539 320 537 319 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Vote
Voting systemEach country awarded 12, 10, 8–1 points to their ten favourite songs
Winning song
1998 ← Eurovision Song Contest → 2000

The Eurovision Song Contest 1999 was the 44th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 29 May 1999 at the International Convention Centre in Jerusalem, Israel. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA), the contest was held in the country following its victory at the 1998 contest with the song "Diva" by Dana International, and was presented by Dafna Dekel, Yigal Ravid and Sigal Shachmon.

Twenty-three countries participated in the contest. Finland, Greece, Hungary, Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia, and Switzerland, having participated in the 1998 contest, were absent due to being relegated after achieving the lowest average points totals over the past five contests or by actively choosing not to return. Meanwhile Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark, and Iceland returned to the contest, having last participated in 1997, while Lithuania made its first contest appearance since 1994.

The winner was Sweden with the song "Take Me to Your Heaven", composed by Lars Diedricson, written by Gert Lengstrand and performed by Charlotte Nilsson. Iceland, Germany, Croatia, and Israel rounded out the top five, with Iceland achieving its best ever result and Croatia equalling its previous best. It was the first contest since 1976 that countries were allowed to perform in the language of their choice, and not necessary the language of their country. It was also the first ever contest not to feature an orchestra or live music accompanying the competing entries.

Location

International Convention Centre, Jerusalem – host venue of the 1999 contest

The 1999 contest took place in Jerusalem, Israel, following the country's victory at the 1998 edition with the song "Diva", performed by Dana International. It was the second time that Israel had staged the contest, following the 1979 contest also held in Jerusalem.[1] The selected venue was the Ussishkin Auditorium of the International Convention Centre, commonly known in Hebrew as Binyenei HaUma (Hebrew: בנייני האומה), which also served as the host venue for Israel's previous staging of the event.[2][3][4]

The prospect of Israel staging the contest resulted in protest by members of the Orthodox Jewish community in the country, including opposition by the deputy mayor of Jerusalem Haim Miller to the contest being staged in the city.[5][6] Additional concerns over funding for the event also contributed to speculation that the contest could be moved to Malta or the United Kingdom, the nations which had finished in the top three alongside Israel the previous year.[7] Financial guarantees by the Israeli government however helped to ensure that the contest would take place in Israel. The possibility of holding the event in an open air venue was discussed, however concerns over security led to the choice of an indoor venue for the event.[3] A tight security presence was felt during the rehearsal week as a precaution against potential disruption from Palestinian militant groups.[8][9]

Participating countries

Further information: List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest
Eurovision Song Contest 1999 – Participation summaries by country

Per the rules of the contest, twenty-three countries were allowed to participate in the event, a reduction from the twenty-five which took part in the 1997 and 1998 contests.[3][10] Lithuania made its first appearance since 1994, and Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark, and Iceland returned after being relegated from the previous year's event.[3] Russia was unable to return from relegation due to failing to broadcast the 1998 contest, as specified in the rules for that edition.[3][11] 1998 participants Finland, Greece, Hungary, North Macedonia, Romania, Slovakia, and Switzerland were absent from this edition.[2][3]

Several of the performers taking part in the contest had previously competed as lead artists in past editions. Two artists returned as lead artists in this year's event, with Croatia's Doris Dragović having taken part in 1986 representing Yugoslavia, and Slovenia's Darja Švajger making a second appearance for her country following the 1995 contest.[12] A number of former competitors also returned to perform as backing vocalists for some of the competing entries: Stefán Hilmarsson, who represented Iceland twice in 1988 and 1991, provided backing vocals for Selma;[13] Kenny Lübcke, who represented Denmark in 1992, returned to provide backing for Trine Jepsen and Michael Teschl;[14] Christopher Scicluna and Moira Stafrace, who represented Malta in 1994, provided backing for Times Three;[15] Gabriel Forss, who represented Sweden in 1997 as a member of the group Blond, was among Charlotte Nilsson's backing vocalists;[16][17] and Linda Williams, who represented the Netherlands in 1981, returned as a backing vocalist for Belgium's Vanessa Chinitor.[18] Additionally, Evelin Samuel competed for Estonia in this year's contest, having previously served as backing vocalist for Maarja-Liis Ilus in 1997.[19]

Participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 1999[20][21][22][23]
Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s)
 Austria ORF Bobbie Singer "Reflection" English Dave Moskin
 Belgium VRT Vanessa Chinitor "Like the Wind" English
 Bosnia and Herzegovina RTVBiH Dino and Béatrice "Putnici" Bosnian, French Dino Dervišhalidović
 Croatia HRT Doris "Marija Magdalena" Croatian
 Cyprus CyBC Marlain "Tha'ne erotas" (Θα'ναι έρωτας) Greek
  • George Kallis
  • Andreas Karanicolas
 Denmark DR Trine Jepsen and Michael Teschl "This Time I Mean It" English Ebbe Ravn
 Estonia ETV Evelin Samuel and Camille "Diamond of Night" English
 France France Télévision Nayah "Je veux donner ma voix" French
  • Gilles Arcens
  • René Colombies
  • Pascal Graczyk
  • Luigi Rutigliano
 Germany NDR[a] Sürpriz "Journey to Jerusalem – Kudüs'e Seyahat" German, Turkish, English
 Iceland RÚV Selma "All Out of Luck" English
 Ireland RTÉ The Mullans "When You Need Me" English Bronagh Mullan
 Israel IBA Eden "Happy Birthday" English, Hebrew
 Lithuania LRT Aistė "Strazdas" Samogitian
 Malta PBS Times Three "Believe 'n Peace" English
  • Christopher Scicluna
  • Moira Stafrace
 Netherlands NOS Marlayne "One Good Reason" English
 Norway NRK Van Eijk "Living My Life Without You" English Stig André van Eijk
 Poland TVP Mietek Szcześniak "Przytul mnie mocno" Polish
 Portugal RTP Rui Bandeira "Como tudo começou" Portuguese
  • Tó Andrade
  • Jorge do Carmo
 Slovenia RTVSLO Darja Švajger "For a Thousand Years" English Primož Peterca
 Spain TVE Lydia "No quiero escuchar" Spanish
  • Adolfo Carmona Zamarreno
  • Carlos López González
  • Alejandro Piqueras Ramírez
  • Fernando Rodríguez Fernández
 Sweden SVT Charlotte Nilsson "Take Me to Your Heaven" English
 Turkey TRT Tuba Önal and Grup Mistik "Dön Artık" Turkish
  • Canan Tunç
  • Erdinç Tunç
 United Kingdom BBC Precious "Say It Again" English Paul Varney

Qualification

Due to the high number of countries wishing to enter the contest, a relegation system was introduced in 1993 in order to reduce the number of countries which could compete in each year's contest. Any relegated countries would be able to return the following year, thus allowing all countries the opportunity to compete in at least one in every two editions.[10][25] The relegation rules introduced for the 1997 contest were again utilised ahead of the 1999 contest, based on each country's average points total in previous contests. The twenty-three participants were made up of the previous year's winning country and host nation, the seventeen countries other than the host which had obtained the highest average points total over the preceding five contests, and any eligible countries which had not competed in the 1998 contest. In cases where the average was identical between two or more countries, the total number of points scored in the most recent contest determined the final order.[10]

A new addition to the relegation rules specified that for the 2000 contest and future editions, the four largest financial contributors to the contest – France, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom – would automatically qualify for each year's event and be exempt from relegation.[10] This new "Big Four" group of countries was created to ensure the financial viability of the event, and was prompted by a number of poor placements in previous years for some of these countries, which if repeated in 1999 could have resulted in those countries being eliminated.[3][7]

Finland, Greece, Hungary, North Macedonia, Portugal, Romania, Slovakia, and Switzerland were therefore excluded from participating in the 1999 contest, to make way for the return of Austria, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark, Iceland, and Lithuania, and new debuting country Latvia. However Latvia's Latvijas Televīzija subsequently withdrew its participation at a late stage, and their place in the contest was subsequently offered to Hungary as the excluded country with the highest average points total. Hungarian broadcaster Magyar Televízió declined and the offer was then passed to Portugal's Rádio e Televisão de Portugal as the next country in line, which accepted.[2][3][7]

The calculations used to determine the countries relegated for the 1999 contest are outlined in the table below.

Table key

  Qualifier
 ‡  Automatic qualifier
 †  Returning countries which did not compete in 1998
Calculation of average points to determine qualification for the 1999 contest[b]
Rank Country Average Yearly Point Totals[26][27][28][29][30]
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998
1  Ireland 130.60 226 44 162 157 64
2  Israel ‡ 126.50 R 81 DNQ 172
3  United Kingdom 121.80 63 76 77 227 166
4  Malta 94.40 97 76 68 66 165
5  Norway 83.40 76 148 114 0 79
6  Croatia 74.20 27 91 98 24 131
7[c]  Sweden 67.40 48 100 100 36 53
8[c]  Cyprus 67.40 51 79 72 98 37
9[d]  Netherlands 59.25 4 R 78 5 150
10[d]  Germany 59.25 128 1 DNQ 22 86
11  Denmark † 58.50 R 92 DNQ 25 R
12  Poland 57.00 166 15 31 54 19
13  France 56.80 74 94 18 95 3
14  Turkey 56.00 R 21 57 121 25
15  Spain 54.00 17 119 17 96 21
16  Estonia 53.50 2 R 94 82 36
17  Belgium 50.67 R 8 22 R 122
18  Slovenia 44.25 R 84 16 60 17
19  Hungary[e] 42.00 122 3 DNQ 39 4
20  Austria † 41.50 19 67 68 12 R
21  Portugal[e] 41.20 73 5 92 0 36
22  Greece 39.80 44 68 36 39 12
23  Iceland † 37.25 49 31 51 18 R
24  Bosnia and Herzegovina † 22.00 39 14 13 22 R
25  Macedonia 16.00 DNQ R 16
26[f]  Finland 14.00 11 R 9 R 22
27[f]  Slovakia 14.00 15 R 19 R 8
28   Switzerland 10.50 15 R 22 5 0
29  Romania 10.00 14 R DNQ R 6
30  Lithuania † 0.00 0 R

Production

Two of the contest's presenters, Dafna Dekel (left) and Sigal Shachmon, during the contest

The Eurovision Song Contest 1999 was produced by the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA). Amnon Barkai served as executive producer, Aharon Goldfinger-Eldar served as producer, Hagai Mautner served as director, and Maya Hanoch [he], Mia Raveh and Ronen Levin served as designers.[2][31] Usually able to hold a maximum of 3,000 people, modifications made to the Ussishkin Auditorium reduced the capacity to around 2,000 for the contest, with rows of seats removed from the floor to make room for the stage and from the balcony to allow for the construction of boxes for use by various commentators.[3][32]

Rehearsals in the venue for the competing acts began on 24 May 1999. Each country had two technical rehearsals in the week approaching the contest: the first rehearsals took place on 24 and 25 May, with each country allowed 40 minutes total on stage followed by a 20 minute press conference; the second rehearsals subsequently took place on 26 and 27 May, with each country allocated 30 minutes on stage.[3] Each country took to the stage in the order in which they would perform, however the Lithuanian delegation was permitted to arrive in Israel one day later than the other delegations due to budget concerns.[33] Subsequently the first day's rehearsals began with Belgium as the second country to perform in the contest, with Lithuania being the last country to complete their first rehearsal on the second day; the order of rehearsals was corrected for the second rehearsals, with Lithuania scheduled as the first delegation on stage. Additional rehearsals took place on 26 May for the contest's concluding performance with all artists, and on 27 May for the contest's presenters and to test the voting scoreboard's computer graphics. Two dress rehearsals held on 28 May were held with an audience, the second of which was also recorded as a production stand-by in case of problems during the live contest. A further dress rehearsal took place on the afternoon of 29 May ahead of the live contest, followed by security and technical checks.[3]

The singer Dafna Dekel, the radio and television presenter Yigal Ravid and the model and television presenter Sigal Shachmon were the presenters of the 1999 contest, the first edition to feature three presenters in a single show.[12] Dekel had previously represented Israel in the 1992 contest and placed sixth with the song "Ze Rak Sport".[34] The writers of the winning song were awarded with a trophy designed by Yaacov Agam, which was presented by the previous year's winning artist Dana International.[35][36][37]

A compilation album featuring many of the competing entries was released in Israel following the contest, commissioned by IBA and released through the Israeli record label IMP Records. The release contained nineteen of the twenty-three competing acts on CD and an additional video CD with clips from the televised broadcast and footage from backstage.[38][39]

Format

Entries

Each participating broadcaster was represented in the contest by one song, no longer than three minutes in duration. A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance, and all performers were required to be at least 16 years old in the year of the contest. Selected entries were not permitted to be released commercially before 1 January 1999, and were then only allowed to be released in the country they represented until after the contest was held. Entries were required to be selected by each country's participating broadcaster by 15 March, and the final submission date for all selected entries to be received by the contest organisers was set for 29 March. This submission was required to include a sound recording of the entry and backing track for use during the contest, a video presentation of the song on stage being performed by the artists, and the text of the song lyrics in its original language and translations in French and English for distribution to the participating broadcasters, their commentators and juries.[10]

For the first time since the 1976 contest the participants had full freedom to perform in any language, and not simply that of the country they represented.[12][40][g] This led to a marked increase in the number of entries which were performed in English.[12] Additionally, the rules were modified to make the orchestra a non-obligatory feature of the contest of which organising broadcasters were free to opt out.[10] IBA chose not to provide an orchestra, with all entries subsequently being performed with backing tracks, and no orchestra has been included as part of the competition since.[3][12]

Following the confirmation of the twenty-three competing countries, the draw to determine the running order was held on 17 November 1998.[10][21]

Voting procedure

Further information: Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest

The results of the 1999 contest were determined using the scoring system introduced in 1975: each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry.[10][41] Each participating country was required to use televoting to determine their points, with viewers able to register their vote by telephone for a total of five minutes following the performance of the last competing entry.[10][42] Viewers could vote by calling one of twenty-two different telephone numbers to represent the twenty-three competing entries except that which represented their own country.[10][35] Once phone lines were opened a video recap containing short clips of each competing entry with the accompanying phone number for voting was shown in order to aid viewers during the voting window.[35] Systems were also put in place to prevent lobby groups from one country voting for their entry by travelling to other countries.[10]

Countries which were unable to hold a televote due to technological limitations were granted an exception, and their points were determined by an assembled jury of eight individuals, which was required to be split evenly between members of the public and music professionals, comprised additionally of an equal number of men and women, and below and above 30 years of age. Countries using televoting were also required to appoint a back-up jury of the same composition which would be called into action upon technical failure preventing the televote results from being used. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and ten votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs in the top ten received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing; if a tie still remained, the youngest jury member would have the deciding vote.[10]

Postcards

Each entry was preceded by a video postcard which served as an introduction to each country, as well as providing an opportunity to showcase the running artistic theme of the event and to create a transition between entries to allow stage crew to make changes on stage.[43][44] The postcards for the 1999 contest featured animations of paintings of biblical stories which transitioned into footage of modern locations in Israel or clips representing specific themes related to contemporary Israeli culture and industries. The various locations or themes for each postcard are listed below by order of performance:[35]

  1.  Lithuania – Jacob's Ladder; Israel Museum, Jerusalem
  2.  Belgium – Pharaoh and his Army; Eilat
  3.  Spain – Noah's Ark; landscapes of Galilee
  4.  Croatia – Ruth; Israeli agriculture
  5.  United Kingdom – Jonah and the Whale; Jaffa
  6.  Slovenia – Adam and Eve; Israeli fashion
  7.  Turkey – The Sea of Galilee; Tiberias and surroundings
  8.  Norway – Workers of the Tabernacle; Israeli tech and virtual reality
  9.  Denmark – Joseph and His Brothers; Haifa
  10.  France – The Golden Calf; Israeli jewellery industry
  11.  Netherlands – The Prophet; Tel Aviv nightlife
  12.  Poland – David and Goliath; Israeli sports
  13.  Iceland – The Manna from Heaven; Israeli culinary
  14.  Cyprus – The Basket of Moses; rafting on the Jordan River
  15.  Sweden – David and Bathsheba; music and art on the roofs of Tel Aviv
  16.  Portugal – Daniel and the Lions; Acre
  17.  Ireland – Cain and Abel; Judaean Desert
  18.  Austria – The Judgement of Solomon; Jerusalem
  19.  Israel – The Promised Land; Jezreel Valley
  20.  Malta – David and Michal; Suzanne Dellal Centre for Dance and Theatre, Tel Aviv
  21.  Germany – The Tower of Babel; Israeli beaches
  22.  Bosnia and Herzegovina – Samson; Caesarea National Park
  23.  Estonia – The Zodiac mosaic at the Old Beth Alfa Synagogue; love at the Dead Sea

Contest overview

Charlotte Nilsson (pictured in 2012) brought Sweden its fourth Eurovision Song Contest victory.

The contest took place on 29 May 1999 at 22:00 (IST) and lasted 3 hours and 13 minutes.[10][22]

The show began with a computer animation entitled "From Birmingham to Jerusalem", highlighting the contest's journey from last year's host country the United Kingdom to Israel, and containing notable landmarks and features of the competing countries; the animation then transitioned into recorded footage of Jerusalem including dancers and hosts Dekel and Shachmon.[35] The contest's opening segment also featured Izhar Cohen and Gali Atari, Israel's previous winning artists from the 1978 and 1979 contests attending as special guests, and the previous year's co-presenter Terry Wogan in attendance as the United Kingdom's television commentator.[22][35] A pause between entries was included for the first time to allow broadcasters to provide advertisements during the show;[12] placed between the Polish and Icelandic entries, a performance of the song "To Life" from the musical Fiddler on the Roof featuring co-presenters Dekel and Shachmon was provided for the benefit of the audience in the arena and for non-commercial broadcasters.[22][35]

The contest's pre-recorded interval act entitled "Freedom Calls", shown following the final competing entry and during the voting window, was staged outside the Walls of Jerusalem and the Tower of David and featured performances by a troupe of dancers, a chorus and Dana International singing the D'ror Yikra and a cover of "Free", originally recorded by Stevie Wonder.[6][35][37] Following the traditional reprise performance of the winning song, the show finished with a performance of the English version of Israel's 1979 contest winning song "Hallelujah", which included all the competing artists and was featured as a tribute to the victims of the then-ongoing Kosovo War and to the people of the Balkans who were unable to watch the contest following the bombing of television services in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.[2][12]

The winner was Sweden represented by the song "Take Me to Your Heaven", composed by Lars Diedricson, written by Gert Lengstrand [sv] and performed by Charlotte Nilsson.[45] This marked Sweden's fourth victory in the contest, following wins in 1974, 1984 and 1991, and occurred 25 years after ABBA brought Sweden its first victory.[42][46] Iceland, Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina also achieved their best results to date, placing second, fourth and seventh respectively.[47][48][49]

During the presentation of the trophy to the contest winners, Dana International caused a security alert in the auditorium as while lifting the trophy she lost her balance and fell to the stage along with the winning songwriters before being helped up by security agents.[2][7][50]

The Norwegian delegation raised an objection to the use of simulated male vocals during the performance of Croatian entry "Marija Magdalena".[7] Following the contest this was found to have contravened the contest rules regarding the use of vocals on the backing tracks, and Croatia were sanctioned by the EBU with the loss of 33% of their points for the purpose of calculating their average points total for qualification in following contests.[2][51] The country's position and points at this contest however remain unchanged.[22]

The table below outlines the participating countries, the order in which they performed, the competing artists and songs, and the results of the voting.

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1999[22][52]
R/O Country Artist Song Points Place
1  Lithuania Aistė "Strazdas" 13 20
2  Belgium Vanessa Chinitor "Like the Wind" 38 12
3  Spain Lydia "No quiero escuchar" 1 23
4  Croatia Doris "Marija Magdalena" 118 4
5  United Kingdom Precious "Say It Again" 38 12
6  Slovenia Darja Švajger "For a Thousand Years" 50 11
7  Turkey Tuba Önal and Grup Mistik "Dön Artık" 21 16
8  Norway Van Eijk "Living My Life Without You" 35 14
9  Denmark Trine Jepsen and Michael Teschl "This Time I Mean It" 71 8
10  France Nayah "Je veux donner ma voix" 14 19
11  Netherlands Marlayne "One Good Reason" 71 8
12  Poland Mietek Szcześniak "Przytul mnie mocno" 17 18
13  Iceland Selma "All Out of Luck" 146 2
14  Cyprus Marlain "Tha'ne erotas" 2 22
15  Sweden Charlotte Nilsson "Take Me to Your Heaven" 163 1
16  Portugal Rui Bandeira "Como tudo começou" 12 21
17  Ireland The Mullans "When You Need Me" 18 17
18  Austria Bobbie Singer "Reflection" 65 10
19  Israel Eden "Happy Birthday" 93 5
20  Malta Times Three "Believe 'n Peace" 32 15
21  Germany Sürpriz "Journey to Jerusalem – Kudüs'e Seyahat" 140 3
22  Bosnia and Herzegovina Dino and Béatrice "Putnici" 86 7
23  Estonia Evelin Samuel and Camille "Diamond of Night" 90 6

Spokespersons

Three-time Eurovision participant Kirsten Siggaard announced the points from Denmark.[35][53]

Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for their respective country.[10] As had been the case since the 1994 contest, the spokespersons were connected via satellite and appeared in vision during the broadcast; spokespersons at the 1999 contest are listed below.[35][54]

  1.  Lithuania – Andrius Tapinas
  2.  Belgium – Sabine De Vos [nl]
  3.  Spain – Hugo de Campos
  4.  Croatia – Marko Rašica
  5.  United Kingdom – Colin Berry[42]
  6.  Slovenia – Mira Berginc
  7.  Turkey – Osman Erkan
  8.  Norway – Ragnhild Sælthun Fjørtoft
  9.  Denmark – Kirsten Siggaard
  10.  France – Marie Myriam
  11.  Netherlands – Edsilia Rombley
  12.  Poland – Jan Chojnacki
  13.  Iceland – Áslaug Dóra Eyjólfsdóttir
  14.  Cyprus – Marina Maleni
  15.  Sweden – Pontus Gårdinger[55]
  16.  Portugal – Manuel Luís Goucha
  17.  Ireland – Clare McNamara
  18.  Austria – Dodo Roscic [de]
  19.  Israel – Yoav Ginai [he]
  20.  Malta – Nirvana Azzopardi
  21.  Germany – Renan Demirkan
  22.  Bosnia and Herzegovina – Segmedina Srna
  23.  Estonia – Mart Sander[56]

Detailed voting results

Televoting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries, except Lithuania, Turkey, Ireland and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[42] Ireland had intended to use televoting, however technical failures at Telecom Éireann ahead of the voting window meant that the majority of calls were not registered and the country's back-up jury was utilised to determine its points.[57]

The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order.[10][35] The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.

Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1999[42][58][59]
Voting procedure used:
  100% televoting
  100% jury vote
Total score
Lithuania
Belgium
Spain
Croatia
United Kingdom
Slovenia
Turkey
Norway
Denmark
France
Netherlands
Poland
Iceland
Cyprus
Sweden
Portugal
Ireland
Austria
Israel
Malta
Germany
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Estonia
Contestants
 Lithuania 13 2 5 3 1 2
Belgium 38 4 2 10 2 10 5 5
Spain 1 1
Croatia 118 6 5 12 12 8 7 1 7 4 2 1 6 6 8 7 5 10 8 3
United Kingdom 38 5 4 5 2 4 1 4 4 8 1
Slovenia 50 10 2 2 12 1 6 12 5
Turkey 21 4 5 12
Norway 35 7 6 7 7 5 3
Denmark 71 5 5 5 1 12 8 8 3 7 5 2 4 6
France 14 2 2 8 2
Netherlands 71 4 12 3 8 3 5 7 6 4 2 1 4 6 2 4
Poland 17 7 4 6
Iceland 146 8 8 10 10 10 10 12 7 4 12 12 4 4 2 10 10 3 10
Cyprus 2 2
Sweden 163 3 7 6 12 7 6 12 10 3 8 6 10 6 10 5 6 8 12 2 12 12
Portugal 12 12
Ireland 18 12 4 1 1
Austria 65 6 7 4 6 3 2 3 8 1 7 5 5 8
Israel 93 3 8 8 1 3 2 2 10 4 10 1 10 3 8 1 6 7 2 4
Malta 32 6 6 3 1 7 1 7 1
Germany 140 10 7 3 1 6 12 3 5 8 12 12 5 2 12 10 12 3 10 7
Bosnia and Herzegovina 86 1 10 10 7 7 8 6 3 5 3 6 12 8
Estonia 90 1 4 1 3 8 5 4 4 5 8 2 10 7 8 3 1 7 6 3

12 points

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. Germany and Sweden each received the maximum score of 12 points from five countries, with Iceland receiving three sets of 12 points, Croatia and Slovenia receiving two sets each, and Bosnia and Herzegovina, Denmark, Ireland, Netherlands, Portugal and Turkey each receiving one maximum score.[58][59]

Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 1999[58][59]
N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
5  Germany  Israel,  Netherlands,  Poland,  Portugal,  Turkey
 Sweden  Bosnia and Herzegovina,  Estonia,  Malta,  Norway,  United Kingdom
3  Iceland  Cyprus,  Denmark,  Sweden
2  Croatia  Slovenia,  Spain
 Slovenia  Croatia,  Ireland
1  Bosnia and Herzegovina  Austria
 Denmark  Iceland
 Ireland  Lithuania
 Netherlands  Belgium
 Portugal  France
 Turkey  Germany

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay live and in full the contest via television. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants"; any passive countries wishing to participate in the following year's event were also required to provide a live broadcast of the contest or a deferred broadcast within 24 hours.[10] Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their viewers. Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators, are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster[21] Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
 Austria ORF ORF 1 Andi Knoll [60][61]
FM4 Stermann & Grissemann [62]
 Belgium VRT TV1 André Vermeulen and Bart Peeters [63][64]
RTBF RTBF La 1 Jean-Pierre Hautier [65]
 Croatia HRT HRT 1 Aleksandar Kostadinov [66]
 Cyprus CyBC RIK 1 [67]
 Denmark DR DR1 Keld Heick [68]
KNR KNR [69]
SVF [70]
 Estonia ETV Marko Reikop [71][72]
ER Raadio 2
 France France Télévision France 3 Julien Lepers [73]
TV5 TV5 Europe[h] [74]
 Germany ARD Das Erste Peter Urban [65]
 Iceland RÚV Sjónvarpið, Rás 2 Gísli Marteinn Baldursson [75]
 Ireland RTÉ RTÉ One Pat Kenny [76][77]
RTÉ Radio 1 Larry Gogan [78]
 Israel IBA Channel 1 [79]
 Lithuania LRT LRT Darius Užkuraitis [lt] [80][81]
 Malta PBS TVM [82]
 Netherlands NOS TV2 Willem van Beusekom [63][83]
 Norway NRK NRK1 Jostein Pedersen [84]
NRK P1 Jon Branæs [no] [84][85]
 Poland TVP TVP1 Artur Orzech [86][87]
 Portugal RTP RTP1, RTP Internacional Rui Unas [88][89][90]
 Slovenia RTVSLO SLO 1 [sl] [91]
Val 202 Andrej Karoli [sl]
 Spain TVE La Primera, TVE Internacional José Luis Uribarri [88][92]
 Sweden SVT SVT2 Pekka Heino and Anders Berglund [55][84]
SR SR P3 Carolina Norén [55]
 Turkey TRT TRT 1, TRT Int [93]
 United Kingdom BBC BBC One, BBC Prime Terry Wogan [88][22][94]
BBC Radio 2 Ken Bruce [22][95]
BFBS BFBS Television Terry Wogan [96]
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
 Australia SBS SBS TV[i] [97]
 Finland YLE TV1 Jani Juntunen [71][98][99]
Radio Suomi Sanna Kojo [100]
Radio Vega [101]
 Latvia LTV Kārlis Streips [lv] [102][103]
 Romania TVR TVR 1 Doina Caramzulescu and Costin Grigore [104]
ROR Radio România Actualități Ana Maria Zaharescu [105]
 Russia ORT Olga Maksimova and Kolya MacCleod [71][106]
Jewish Channel[j] [107]
  Switzerland SRG SSR SF 2 Sandra Studer [60][108]
TSR 1 Jean-Marc Richard [88][74]
TSI 2 [88]

Other awards

Barbara Dex Award

The Barbara Dex Award, created in 1997 by fansite House of Eurovision, was awarded to the performer deemed to have been the "worst dressed" among the participants.[109] The winner in 1999 was Spain's representative Lydia, as determined by visitors to the House of Eurovision website. This was the first edition of the award to be determined by site visitors, as the winners in 1997 and 1998 had been chosen by the founders of the House of Eurovision site Edwin van Thillo and Rob Paardekam.[110][111][112]

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[24]
  2. ^ Determined by totalling all points awarded in the past five contests and dividing by the number of times that country had participated.[10] 1996 did not count as a participation for countries that didn't qualify from the qualification round.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Despite having the same average score, Sweden ranked higher than Cyprus by virtue of achieving a higher score in the most recent contest.[10]
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 Despite having the same average score, the Netherlands ranked higher than Germany by virtue of achieving a higher score in the most recent contest.[10]
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 As Latvia withdrew their participation at a late stage the eliminated country with the highest average points total, Hungary, was offered their place. After declining the offer, the place subsequently passed to Portugal as the country with the next highest average points total.[2]
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 Despite having the same average score, Finland ranked higher than Slovakia by virtue of achieving a higher score in the most recent contest.[10]
  7. ^ Although at the 1977 contest each participant was required to perform in the language of the country they represented, Germany and Belgium were granted exceptions as their entries had already been chosen when the rule was reintroduced.[40]
  8. ^ Deferred broadcast at 00:05 CEST (22:05 UTC)[74]
  9. ^ Deferred broadcast on 30 May 1999 at 20:30 AEST (10:30 UTC)[97]
  10. ^ Delayed broadcast on 5 December 1999[107]

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