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Eurovision Song Contest 1974

International song competition
(Redirected from Mein Ruf nach dir)

The Eurovision Song Contest 1974 was the 19th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 6 April 1974 in the Dome in Brighton, United Kingdom. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), and presented by Katie Boyle, this was the fifth time that the United Kingdom had staged the contest.

Eurovision Song Contest 1974
File:ESC 1974 logo.png
Dates
Final6 April 1974
Host
VenueThe Dome
Brighton, United Kingdom
Presenter(s)Katie Boyle
Musical directorRonnie Hazlehurst
Directed byMichael Hurll
Executive supervisorClifford Brown
Executive producerBill Cotton
Host broadcasterBritish Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)
Participants
Number of entries17
Debuting countries Greece
Returning countriesNone
Non-returning countries France
  • <imagemap> File:ESC_1974_Map_2.svg|299px|alt=A coloured map of the countries of Europe poly 244 323 245 319 252 316 261 316 269 318 267 322 270 325 272 330 266 333 266 338 261 338 261 331 257 334 258 329 252 324 247 323 Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 poly 289 469 287 465 288 456 288 451 286 447 292 443 295 442 297 443 312 426 310 422 308 420 303 407 296 403 292 401 284 407 283 408 283 404 276 404 276 402 276 398 272 395 275 395 278 390 276 385 282 384 289 378 294 385 294 379 300 380 305 373 308 374 315 371 318 371 322 375 331 376 331 382 330 384 324 389 320 389 320 393 323 397 321 399 322 402 317 402 318 414 329 414 329 409 333 412 336 419 339 426 344 432 354 432 358 432 356 435 368 440 375 444 381 448 380 453 374 449 369 447 367 449 362 456 368 461 368 466 364 472 358 477 355 478 353 486 353 491 351 491 351 494 346 494 343 488 332 484 327 483 327 480 333 478 343 479 353 476 358 473 361 468 358 458 355 456 351 449 340 446 338 439 331 437 332 426 319 426 319 429 312 426 298 442 298 446 301 448 299 454 299 467 293 465 Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 poly 266 318 261 315 253 315 260 307 263 299 267 294 278 291 281 295 281 300 278 302 278 305 277 311 270 311 272 316 272 320 272 325 268 325 268 320 262 315 Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 poly 276 385 274 377 272 377 267 380 268 375 272 371 276 366 277 363 285 363 289 361 293 361 293 363 292 363 292 374 304 374 304 372 306 372 303 377 298 379 294 379 294 384 290 381 287 378 284 381 Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 poly 281 364 281 358 283 352 286 347 278 344 275 343 275 338 273 333 274 329 272 320 272 317 272 313 275 312 280 307 280 302 282 295 282 290 288 290 289 293 291 287 296 287 295 280 292 275 301 277 303 280 310 281 307 287 308 294 308 297 311 298 311 300 308 303 312 309 307 318 304 318 303 322 303 328 302 331 307 333 313 331 316 331 320 333 321 337 326 344 333 351 325 355 325 361 315 362 311 363 306 361 Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 poly 225 234 219 246 213 252 221 255 225 273 229 280 233 288 229 294 238 294 241 296 241 304 230 311 236 314 225 320 209 318 199 316 197 320 193 318 182 321 192 311 197 310 203 310 208 305 202 308 189 301 199 295 196 284 207 285 212 277 208 267 200 265 188 272 176 266 181 258 189 258 192 268 199 265 199 260 200 251 197 241 201 232 193 223 196 220 206 221 216 220 229 201 226 217 218 223 211 231 United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 rect 270 404 283 416 Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 poly 269 341 267 334 271 332 275 336 274 342 Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 poly 69 539 0 539 0 503 69 502 131 469 137 458 135 455 139 448 137 441 143 441 147 425 153 420 150 415 141 415 134 410 136 401 132 397 142 392 155 398 173 403 187 405 198 409 210 417 220 417 220 426 233 426 233 424 239 424 239 429 248 454 226 465 206 465 195 476 190 476 184 484 160 482 152 484 148 488 144 482 141 474 138 471 133 469 69 502 69 538 Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 poly 387 425 375 419 364 413 354 407 348 401 345 396 344 392 340 390 336 394 334 396 332 390 332 381 331 377 339 376 350 371 352 370 361 380 368 383 372 379 382 376 390 377 396 384 398 388 402 391 409 389 410 394 410 399 417 406 411 412 414 417 421 424 418 429 414 432 410 436 401 436 399 431 397 422 389 418 387 425 Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 poly 179 292 174 292 164 295 156 295 156 292 151 292 151 289 155 286 160 282 164 275 158 271 163 262 170 265 171 260 175 254 178 255 179 261 175 265 176 268 180 268 181 268 186 273 184 281 184 288 Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 poly 293 275 291 268 290 266 292 264 289 257 291 248 296 248 300 242 304 242 303 253 306 257 317 261 318 266 318 272 311 277 Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 36 0 31 10 22 21 17 28 14 36 10 41 7 47 4 56 6 59 2 63 3 67 9 70 8 74 9 81 5 83 8 88 11 88 14 93 18 92 18 90 22 90 25 86 30 84 34 82 38 79 40 77 41 73 45 75 50 73 54 73 56 72 60 69 61 65 64 66 67 60 71 61 76 59 80 61 85 61 87 64 91 65 93 66 104 65 114 62 119 59 125 59 130 62 143 64 152 65 163 62 174 61 176 57 171 56 168 53 165 48 162 47 160 43 156 42 160 40 166 42 170 41 171 43 169 48 170 52 173 55 177 57 179 56 180 53 182 48 185 43 183 43 185 38 189 37 190 30 186 24 184 23 184 19 189 19 190 24 194 26 201 26 204 21 200 16 203 15 206 20 211 18 211 12 208 11 210 8 213 10 218 0 Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 369 198 368 189 365 175 367 170 370 165 376 146 380 142 378 136 372 134 368 128 368 122 363 110 360 107 347 102 347 99 350 96 357 100 364 101 370 98 370 90 370 86 375 80 384 85 382 98 384 101 389 103 392 106 391 113 400 125 401 138 405 142 410 146 408 152 413 155 420 157 419 166 415 177 408 191 400 193 392 199 384 204 373 198 Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 poly 278 231 274 227 274 219 271 201 273 189 283 180 297 172 304 162 314 150 316 132 325 118 320 113 324 105 336 94 348 84 362 71 372 69 321 11 311 0 322 0 322 11 371 69 381 71 385 72 383 77 385 82 385 86 374 81 371 85 371 94 370 101 363 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268 321 258 321 255 320 248 Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 poly 569 535 559 523 556 517 557 512 559 496 564 493 568 506 Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 poly 399 454 403 443 404 436 411 436 411 433 418 432 422 427 431 424 440 426 442 426 450 422 448 416 455 420 452 426 453 430 448 430 439 430 437 432 430 434 430 441 420 440 420 445 424 449 431 455 439 461 443 465 437 466 437 472 438 496 446 497 453 497 465 497 452 501 439 499 439 496 438 470 434 468 428 471 432 477 426 477 431 486 424 485 416 483 417 477 403 469 408 467 Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 1974 rect 338 498 350 509 Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 331 376 321 374 321 371 313 371 307 375 304 375 305 363 314 363 322 362 328 364 324 358 330 352 333 350 338 350 342 346 351 347 356 349 358 352 362 356 355 362 355 370 350 374 336 377 327 374 Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 200 407 206 379 208 372 203 367 199 355 187 348 184 339 196 339 198 343 209 345 209 332 218 337 225 334 235 330 237 321 244 319 252 328 256 331 266 338 275 341 288 346 284 356 281 365 269 377 274 379 277 386 275 393 276 404 270 404 270 416 296 423 298 427 296 436 294 438 291 433 291 427 296 424 270 415 262 415 256 411 248 410 240 415 240 424 233 424 234 414 221 414 221 416 216 417 203 412 France in the Eurovision Song Contest desc bottom-right </imagemap>      Competing countries     Countries that participated in the past but not in 1974
Vote
Voting systemTen-member juries distributed ten points among their favourite songs.
Winning song Sweden
"Waterloo"
1973 ← Eurovision Song Contest → 1975

Although Luxembourg had won the 1973 contest with the song "Tu te reconnaîtras" by Anne-Marie David, which made Luxembourg the presumptive host in 1974, the Luxembourgish broadcaster Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion (CLT) opted not to host the event in 1974 as they had staged the contest in 1973, following their win in 1972. Spain, which had placed second the previous year, also declined the opportunity to stage the contest. The Israeli broadcaster IBA, and the British broadcasters the BBC and ITV, all subsequently made bids to stage the contest, with the BBC ultimately winning out. This was the fourth time that the BBC had staged the contest after another broadcaster declined the opportunity, having done so previously in 1960, 1963 and 1972.

Entries representing eighteen countries were submitted for the contest, with Greece making its first appearance. However, France ultimately did not participate as the contest coincided with the death of French president Georges Pompidou, and with a national day of mourning scheduled for the date of the contest the French broadcaster ORTF deemed participating in the event to be inappropriate. The voting system used between 1971 and 1973 was scrapped, and was replaced by the system last used in 1970, with ten people in each country awarding one vote to their favourite song.

The winner was Sweden, with the song "Waterloo", composed by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus, written by Stig Anderson and performed by ABBA. Italy and the Netherlands placed second and third respectively, followed by a three-way tie for fourth place between Luxembourg, Monaco and the United Kingdom. It was Sweden's first contest win. After previous success within European markets with "Ring Ring", with which ABBA had attempted to represent Sweden at Eurovision in 1973, "Waterloo" gave the group their first global hit, and their Eurovision win was a launching point for ABBA to become one of the world's best-selling music artists. Olivia Newton-John, who represented the United Kingdom at this event, would also go on to achieve worldwide success in the years following the contest.

Location

 
The Concert Hall of the Dome, Brighton – host venue of the 1974 contest

The 1974 contest was held in Brighton, United Kingdom. It was the fifth time that the United Kingdom had hosted the contest, having previously done so in 1960, 1963, 1968 and 1972.[1] The selected venue was the Dome, completed in 1805 and originally built for the Prince Regent as stables and a riding school for his personal use. Sold by Queen Victoria in 1850, the stables were converted into a concert hall and assembly rooms in 1867, and the riding school into a market for corn merchants in 1868.[2][3] The concert hall could normally seat up to 2,102 people, but for the contest some seating was removed for the commentator booths and technical equipment, leaving space for an audience of just over 1,000 people.[4][5]

Among the other venues considered to stage the event by the BBC were the Royal Opera House and Royal Albert Hall in London, the latter of which had previously staged the 1968 contest. Both venues proved to be unavailable however, with the broadcaster then looking outside of the capital for potential venues. The Dome was then ultimately selected, and this choice was announced publicly by the BBC and EBU in July 1973.[4]

Host selection

The 1973 contest was won by Luxembourg with the song "Tu te reconnaîtras" performed by Anne-Marie David, which according to Eurovision tradition made Luxembourg the presumptive host of the 1974 contest.[6][7] The country had staged the event on three previous occasions, in 1962, 1966 and 1973, each time in Luxembourg City.[8] As Luxembourg had also hosted the event the previous year, the Luxembourgish broadcaster Compagnie Luxembourgeoise de Télédiffusion (CLT) declined the opportunity to stage the event for a second consecutive year due to the financial strain such an undertaking would entail.[2][4] Spain, which had come second the previous year, was also considered for the event, however the Spanish broadcaster Televisión Española (TVE) also turned down the opportunity to stage the 1974 contest; Spain had previously hosted the event in 1969.[4][9]

The contest organisers, the European Broadcasting Union (EBU), originally asked the BBC, as the participating broadcaster for the country which came third, not to make an offer at this initial stage, in order to determine if other participating broadcasters were willing to stage the event.[4] Of the four previous events held in the United Kingdom, three of these had been staged in place of the previous year's winning country, specifically the 1960, 1963 and 1972 events.[1][10] Two offers were subsequently made, from the Israel Broadcasting Authority (IBA) and from the BBC's commercial rival ITV. Concerns were raised about the prospect of Israel hosting the event; the country had just joined the contest in 1973 and it was felt some countries would not be prepared to accept an Israeli-held contest.[4][11] Israel was also some distance geographically from the core of Western European nations which participated in the event at this time, and IBA still lagged behind many European broadcasters from a technological perspective. A successful ITV bid would have effectively barred the BBC from participating, as only one broadcaster from a given country can participate in the event, resulting in the BBC submitting a counter-offer which the EBU accepted on 7 June 1973.[4]

Participating countries

Further information: List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest
Eurovision Song Contest 1974 – Participation summaries by country
 
Gigliola Cinquetti (pictured in 1966) had previously won the contest in 1964 for Italy, and competed again at this year's event.

A total of eighteen countries submitted entries to compete in this edition of the contest, comprising all seventeen countries which had participated in 1973, and Greece, which was making its first appearance in the contest.[2][4] Turkey had also expressed an interest in competing, but the Turkish Radio and Television Corporation had been too late in submitting their request to the EBU and were subsequently informed that, as the scoreboard with space for eighteen countries had already been constructed, its planned entry would not have been possible.[4] Ultimately, however, only seventeen participating entries were performed at the contest, as France made the decision to withdraw from the event due to the death of French president Georges Pompidou on 2 April. With the state memorial service and a national day of mourning scheduled to be held on the same day as the contest, it was deemed by French broadcaster Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française (ORTF) that competing in and broadcasting the contest would be inappropriate. France would have been represented by the song "La Vie à vingt-cinq ans", written by Christine Fontaine and to have been performed by Dani, with Jean-Claude Petit scheduled to conduct the orchestra during the performance.[2][12][13]

Among the participating artists were a number of acts which had competed in the Eurovision Song Contest in previous years: Italy's Gigliola Cinquetti had previously won the contest in 1964 with the song "Non ho l'età"; Romuald, representing Monaco at this contest, had previously represented both Monaco and Luxembourg, in 1964 and 1969 respectively; and Norway's Bendik Singers, supporting Anne-Karine Strøm at this event, had represented Norway in the previous year's contest, with Strøm having also been a member of the group in that contest.[12][14][15][16]

Participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 1974[12][17][18]
Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s) Conductor
  Belgium RTB Jacques Hustin "Fleur de liberté" French
Pierre Chiffre
  Finland YLE Carita "Keep Me Warm" English
Ossi Runne
  Germany HR[a] Cindy and Bert "Die Sommermelodie" German
Werner Scharfenberger
  Greece EIRT Marinella "Krassi, thalassa ke t' agori mou"
(Κρασί, θάλασσα και τ' αγόρι μου) 		Greek
Giorgos Katsaros
  Ireland RTÉ Tina Reynolds "Cross Your Heart" English Paul Lyttle Colman Pearce
  Israel IBA Poogy "Natati La Khaiai" (נתתי לה חיי) Hebrew
Yonatan Rechter
  Italy RAI Gigliola Cinquetti "Sì" Italian
Gianfranco Monaldi
  Luxembourg CLT Ireen Sheer "Bye Bye I Love You" French
Charles Blackwell
  Monaco TMC Romuald "Celui qui reste et celui qui s'en va" French
  • Jean-Pierre Bourtayre
  • Michel Jourdan
 Raymond Donnez
  Netherlands NOS Mouth and MacNeal "I See a Star" English
Harry van Hoof
  Norway NRK Anne-Karine and the Bendik Singers "The First Day of Love" English
Frode Thingnæs
  Portugal RTP Paulo de Carvalho "E depois do adeus" Portuguese
José Calvário
  Spain TVE Peret "Canta y sé feliz" Spanish Pedro Pubill Calaf Rafael Ibarbia
  Sweden SR ABBA "Waterloo" English
Sven-Olof Walldoff
   Switzerland SRG SSR Piera Martell "Mein Ruf nach dir" German Pepe Ederer Pepe Ederer
  United Kingdom BBC Olivia Newton-John "Long Live Love" English
Nick Ingman
  Yugoslavia JRT Korni Grupa "Generacija '42" (Генерација '42) Serbo-Croatian Kornelije Kovač Zvonimir Skerl

Production and format

The Eurovision Song Contest 1974 was produced by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). Bill Cotton served as executive producer, Michael Hurll served as producer and director, John Burrowes served as designer, and Ronnie Hazlehurst served as musical director, leading the BBC Concert Orchestra.[2][20] A separate musical director could be nominated by each country to lead the orchestra during their performance, with the host musical director also available to conduct for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor.[12]

Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration.[6][21] As with the previous year's event, artists were able to perform in any language, and not necessarily that of the country they represented.[7][22] A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance. Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-only backing tracks, however any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage being mimed by the performers.[6][23][24]

Rehearsals in the contest venue began on Tuesday 2 April, involving technical rehearsals with the production team, the orchestra, and tests of the voting system and scoreboard. This was followed by rehearsals with the competing acts over subsequent days. The first rehearsals for all countries were held over two days on 3 and 4 April, with each participating act having a 50-minute slot on stage to perform through their entry with the orchestra without their stage costumes. A second round of rehearsals, this time in costume, was held for all acts on 5 April, with each country given 20 minutes on stage, followed that evening by a complete run-through of the whole show, including dummy voting. Further technical rehearsals were held on the morning of 6 April, and a second full dress rehearsal was held that afternoon; this rehearsal was also recorded for use as a back-up in case technical failure meant the contest could not go ahead as planned.[4][5]

Security in Brighton was tight in the lead-up to, and during, the contest, due to the threat of actions by Irish republican militants.[4][25] There was an increased police presence, and tanks could be seen in the streets of Brighton during the week of the contest.[4][26] The contest presenter Katie Boyle also recalled being ferried in bulletproof coaches between the hotel and the contest venue, each time taking a different route.[4]

Voting procedure

Further information: Voting at the Eurovision Song Contest

Due in part to the closeness of the voting in the previous year's contest, a new voting system was planned to be introduced for this event, which incorporated elements from the two previous voting systems used in the contest: each country's jury would comprise ten members, which would be based in their own country, with each member awarding between one and five votes for each song, with no abstentions allowed and without the option to vote for their own country's entry. This would have resulted in each country potentially awarding a maximum of 50 votes and a minimum of 10 votes to any other country's song; with eighteen planned participating countries, this would have meant that the highest possible score any country could have received was 850, and the lowest possible score was 170. In case of a tie between two or more countries for first place, these acts would have performed again and each country not involved in the tie would have had one vote each to determine the winner. A lottery element to the voting, in order to add greater suspense, was also devised: the order of the voting would have been determined on stage during the voting segment, with cards being drawn at random to decide the order in which countries would vote.[4]

During rehearsals however, it quickly became apparent to the organisers that they had misjudged how long it would take to conduct this new voting system, as well as mounting concerns that any issues with totalling the scores live could exacerbate the problems. Although a computerised system to calculate each country's total had been investigated, this was rejected for cost reasons. Ultimately the contest's executive producer Bill Cotton took the unilateral decision to abandon the proposed voting system and, given the jury structure of ten people had already been established and jury members had most likely already been recruited by the broadcasters, determined that the only alternative was to revert to the scoring system last used in 1970: each of the ten jury members had one vote to award to their favourite song. The lottery aspect of the voting system was, however, retained, although due to timing and sound quality reasons this draw was held before the contest by the EBU's scrutineer Clifford Brown.[2][4][27]

Contest overview

 
Prior to the event, Dutch duo Mouth and MacNeal were considered among the favourites to win the contest.[28][29]

The contest was held on 6 April 1974, beginning at 21:30 (BST) and lasting 1 hour and 49 minutes.[2][12] The contest was presented by the British television presenter and actress Katie Boyle, who had previously presented the contest in 1960, 1963 and 1968. Having hosted the contest four times, Boyle holds the record for most contest appearances as a presenter as of 2024.[2][30][31] Following the confirmation of the eighteen planned participating countries, the draw to determine the running order (R/O) of the contest was held on 5 December 1973; prior to its withdrawal, France was scheduled to perform in fourteenth position, between the entries from Ireland and Germany.[4][12]

The interval act was a pre-recorded video montage featuring the Wombles, a novelty pop band based on the children's characters of the same name, in various locations across Brighton.[32][33][34] The medallions awarded to the winning songwriters were presented by the Director-General of the BBC and the President of the European Broadcasting Union, Charles Curran.[32][34]

The winner was Sweden represented by the song "Waterloo", composed by Benny Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus, written by Stig Anderson and performed by ABBA.[35] It was Sweden's first contest win.[27][36]

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1974[37][38]
R/O Country Artist Song Points Place
1   Finland Carita "Keep Me Warm" 4 13
2   United Kingdom Olivia Newton-John "Long Live Love" 14 4
3   Spain Peret "Canta y sé feliz" 10 9
4   Norway Anne-Karine and the Bendik Singers "The First Day of Love" 3 14
5   Greece Marinella "Krassi, thalassa ke t' agori mou" 7 11
6   Israel Poogy "Natati La Khaiai" 11 7
7   Yugoslavia Korni Grupa "Generacija '42" 6 12
8   Sweden ABBA "Waterloo" 24 1
9   Luxembourg Ireen Sheer "Bye Bye I Love You" 14 4
10   Monaco Romuald "Celui qui reste et celui qui s'en va" 14 4
11   Belgium Jacques Hustin "Fleur de liberté" 10 9
12   Netherlands Mouth and MacNeal "I See a Star" 15 3
13   Ireland Tina Reynolds "Cross Your Heart" 11 7
14   Germany Cindy and Bert "Die Sommermelodie" 3 14
15    Switzerland Piera Martell "Mein Ruf nach dir" 3 14
16   Portugal Paulo de Carvalho "E depois do adeus" 3 14
17   Italy Gigliola Cinquetti "Sì" 18 2

Spokespersons

Each country nominated a spokesperson, connected to the contest venue via telephone lines and responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for their respective country.[6][39] Known spokespersons at the 1974 contest are listed below.

Detailed voting results

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries.[37] The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in a predetermined order chosen at random, with the spokespersons announcing their country's votes in English or French in performance order.[4][32] The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below, with voting countries listed in the order in which they presented their votes.

Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1974[44][45]
Total score
Finland
Luxembourg
Israel
Norway
United Kingdom
Yugoslavia
Greece
Ireland
Germany
Portugal
Netherlands
Sweden
Spain
Monaco
Switzerland
Belgium
Italy
Contestants
 Finland 4 2 1 1
United Kingdom 14 1 4 1 1 2 1 1 3
Spain 10 1 2 1 2 1 3
Norway 3 1 1 1
Greece 7 1 4 2
Israel 11 2 1 2 2 1 3
Yugoslavia 6 1 1 1 1 2
Sweden 24 5 1 2 2 1 1 2 1 3 1 5
Luxembourg 14 2 2 1 3 1 1 1 1 2
Monaco 14 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2
Belgium 10 3 2 5
Netherlands 15 1 1 1 3 2 1 1 1 3 1
Ireland 11 2 1 2 1 2 2 1
Germany 3 1 1 1
Switzerland 3 1 1 1
Portugal 3 1 2
Italy 18 2 1 1 5 1 1 2 4 1

Broadcasts

Broadcasters competing in the event were required to relay the contest via its networks; non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest. Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.[21]

As well as the participating nations, which, with the exception of Italy, all broadcast the contest live on television, the contest was also reportedly aired, live or deferred, by broadcasters in Algeria, Austria, Bulgaria, Cyprus, Czechoslovakia, France, Hungary, Japan, Jordan, Iceland, Morocco, Poland, South Korea, the Soviet Union, and Tunisia. In addition to television coverage, participating broadcasters in Belgium, Finland, Germany, Ireland, Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom were also reported to have relayed the contest via radio.[4] Although the script for the contest's opening remarks by Katie Boyle suggested that around 500 million viewers were expected to watch and listen to the contest, the EBU later put the actual estimated figure for the total audience at 231 million.[4]

Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
  Belgium RTB RTB, Radio Une [46][47]
BRT BRT, BRT 1
  Finland YLE TV1, Yleisohjelma [fi] Matti Paalosmaa [fi] [40][48]
Ruotsinkielinen ohjelma Åke Grandell [fi]
  Germany ARD Deutsches Fernsehen [49]
  Greece EIRT EIRT [50]
  Ireland RTÉ RTÉ Mike Murphy [51][52]
RTÉ Radio [53]
  Israel IBA Israeli Television [54]
  Italy RAI Secondo Programma[b] Rosanna Vaudetti [55][56]
  Luxembourg CLT RTL Télé-Luxembourg [57]
  Netherlands NOS Nederland 2 Willem Duys [29][47]
  Norway NRK NRK Fjernsynet John Andreassen [58]
NRK Erik Heyerdahl [no]
  Portugal RTP I Programa Artur Agostinho [59][60]
ENR Emissora Nacional Programa 1
  Spain TVE TVE 1 José Luis Uribarri [61][62]
RNE Radio Nacional Carlos Tena [63][64]
SER Radio Girona [ca] [65]
Radio Murcia [es] [66]
Radio San Sebastián [67]
  Sweden SR TV1 Johan Sandström [sv] [42][58]
SR P3 Ursula Richter [sv]
   Switzerland SRG SSR TV DRS Theodor Haller [de] [49]
TSR Georges Hardy [fr] [68]
TSI [69]
DRS 1[c] Max Rüeger [de] [70]
RSR 1 Robert Burnier [71]
RSI 1 [69]
  United Kingdom BBC BBC1 David Vine [12][72]
BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 2 Terry Wogan [12][73][74]
BFBS BFBS Radio Richard Astbury [12]
  Yugoslavia JRT TV Beograd 1 [75]
TV Koper-Capodistria [76]
TV Ljubljana 1 [sl]
TV Zagreb 1 [77]
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref(s)
  Austria ORF FS2 Ernst Grissemann [78][79]
  France ORTF Première Chaîne[d] Pierre Tchernia [80][13]
  Hungary MTV MTV1[e] [81]
  Iceland RÚV Sjónvarpið [82]
  Japan Fuji Television[f] Shizue Abe and Ben Okano [83]
  Malta MBA National Network Victor Aquilina [84]
  Netherlands Antilles Voz di Aruba[g] [85]
  Poland TP TP1[h] [86]
PR PR1[i] [87]
  Romania TVR Programul 1[j] [88]
  Turkey TRT TRT Televizyon [89]

Legacy

 
 
ABBA (left) and Olivia Newton-John (right) both achieved considerable worldwide success after representing Sweden and the United Kingdom, respectively, in the 1974 contest.

The 1974 contest has retrospectively gained notability for a number of aspects, particularly due to the success of some of the competing acts, as well as political developments within Europe that have indirect links to this edition of the event. Two competing artists at this year's event, in particular, went on to sustained worldwide success after the contest: Sweden's ABBA and the United Kingdom's Olivia Newton-John.

The individual members of ABBA had made previous attempts to reach Eurovision, participating in Sweden's national selection, Melodifestivalen, several times, both as a group and individually. Anni-Frid Lyngstad participated in Melodifestivalen 1969, placing fourth with the song "Härlig är vår jord", while Benny Andersson competed in the same edition as a songwriter, placing second with the song "Hej clown" performed by Jan Malmsjö. Andersson and Björn Ulvaeus subsequently competed as a songwriting partnership in 1972, penning the Lena Andersson song "Säg det med en sång", which placed third. Following the formation of ABBA, the group (performing under the name "Björn & Benny, Agnetha & Anni-Frid") competed in Melodifestivalen 1973 with the song "Ring Ring", which ultimately placed third. While "Ring Ring" was popular within European markets, wider success for the group, particularly in English-speaking markets, proved elusive, and the group saw Eurovision as a launchpad for exposure among these markets, resulting in a further attempt to get to the contest in 1974.[90][91] Although "Waterloo" had been written with Eurovision in mind, the group also considered submitting the song "Hasta Mañana" to Swedish broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT), as the latter song was felt to be more in-line with the songs that had done well in Eurovision in previous years. Ultimately, however, "Waterloo" was chosen, given it was more likely to be unlike other entries submitted, and therefore would stand out more; "Hasta Mañana" was also mainly sung only by Agnetha Fältskog, whereas with "Waterloo" all four members of the group could give their vocals to the song.[2][5][91]

Following the group's win, "Waterloo" went on to top the charts in multiple European countries, including the UK singles chart, as well as reaching the top ten in the Billboard Hot 100.[5][28] Long-term success for the group, however, did not materialise until the release of "SOS" in 1975, which allowed the group to shrug off a perception of being "one-hit wonders" and led to a string of hits through the rest of the 1970s and early 1980s, which catapulted the foursome to become one of the best-selling music groups of all time.[91][92] ABBA's international success within the global music scene, starting from their Eurovision win, additionally led to a large growth in the accessibility of Swedish pop music worldwide, with Sweden often considered a superpower in the realm of music export and claims made by the 2000s of being the third-largest exporter of music globally, behind only the United States and the United Kingdom.[93][94]

Olivia Newton-John was in the early stages of her career when she was approached by the BBC to represent the United Kingdom at Eurovision; she had achieved previous success in the charts in both the UK and US, particularly with country pop songs, and had been a frequent guest on the It's Cliff Richard show, fronted by two-time Eurovision entrant for the United Kingdom Cliff Richard.[28][95] Newton-John had performed six songs at that year's A Song for Europe contest, with "Long Live Love" being chosen by the viewing public through postcard voting; although it was considered a favourite to win the contest, she later told the press after placing fourth that she felt the wrong song had been chosen and that she would have preferred to have performed a ballad.[5][12][95] Newton-John subsequently achieved considerable success in the United States and global recognition after starring in the musical films Grease (1978) and Xanadu (1980).[96][97]

Following the contest, the Portuguese entry, "E depois do adeus" by Paulo de Carvalho, played a large part in the launching of the Carnation Revolution, which ultimately led to the overthrow of the authoritarian Estado Novo regime, setting Portugal along a path towards the reestablishment of democracy and ending the country's war with its African colonies. The broadcast of the song on radio in the evening of 24 April 1974 was used as a signal to alert rebelling officers in the Portuguese army to begin the coup, which kicked off overnight following the playing of another song, "Grândola, vila morena" by José Afonso, in the early hours of 25 April.[98][99][100]

The Italian broadcaster Radiotelevisione italiana (RAI) did not air the contest for two months due to the content of its own entry. The contest coincided with the campaigning period for a referendum on abolishing divorce within the country, which was held a month after the contest, and there were fears that the Italian entry, "Sì" ("Yes") by Gigliola Cinquetti, could have been seen as an attempt to sway the result of the vote.[4][101] The contest was, however, available to watch in parts of northern Italy where transmissions of Swiss and Yugoslav Italian-language television were accessible.[102][103] The contest was eventually broadcast on RAI on 6 June 1974, a month after the referendum.[55][104]

Notes

  1. ^ On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[19]
  2. ^ Delayed broadcast on 6 June 1974 at 21:45 (CEST)[55]
  3. ^ Delayed broadcast on 9 April 1974 at 21:30 (CET)[70]
  4. ^ Delayed shortened broadcast on 9 April at 20:30 (CET), lasting one hour and ten minutes and featuring only the participating entries, with no postcards, voting sequence or winner's reprise, followed by the announcement of the winner by Pierre Tchernia and a pre-recorded presentation of the planned French entry, "La Vie à vingt-cinq ans" by Dani.[80][13]
  5. ^ Delayed broadcast on 25 May 1974 at 21:45 (CET)[81]
  6. ^ Delayed broadcast on 29 April 1974[83]
  7. ^ Delayed broadcast on 5 May 1974 at 17:00 (ADT)[85]
  8. ^ Deferred broadcast on 11 January 1975 at 23:15 (CET)[86]
  9. ^ Delayed broadcast in a shortened format on 5 May 1974 at 21:00 (CET)[87]
  10. ^ Delayed broadcast on 20 April 1974 at 22:15 (EET)[88]

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