Perleidiformes

Perleidiformes; Temporal range: Triassic PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
	Perleidus altolepis
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Subclass:	Neopterygii
Order:	†Perleidiformes; Berg, 1937
Families
	†Cleithrolepididae; †Cephaloxenidae; †Platysiagidae; †Polzbergiidae; †Gabanellidae; †Aethodontidae; †Colobodontidae; †Pseudobeaconiidae; †Perleididae;
Synonyms
	Perleidida; Polzbergiiformes Griffith 1977; Cephaloxeniformes; Platysiagiformes Brough 1939; Platysiagida Fowler 1958;

Perleidiformes are an extinct order of prehistoric ray-finned fish from the Triassic period^[1] Although numerous Triassic taxa have been referred to Perleidiformes, which ones should be included for it to form a monophyletic group is a matter of ongoing scientific debate.^[2]^[3]^[4]

*Chaohuperleidus primus*, one of the earliest perleidids

Classification

- Family †Cleithrolepididae Wade 1935 corrig. [Cleithrolepidae Wade 1935; Hydropessidae Hutchinson 1973]
  - Genus †Hydropessum Broom 1909
  - Genus †Cleithrolepidina Berg 1955
  - Genus †Cleithrolepis Egerton 1864
  - Genus †Dipteronotus Egerton 1864
- Suborder †Cephaloxenoidei Lehman 1966
  - Family †Cephaloxenidae Brough 1939
    - Genus †Cephaloxenus Brough 1939
- Suborder †Perleidoidei
  - Family †Platysiagidae Brough 1939 sensu Neuman & Mutter 2005
    - Genus †Caelatichthys Lombardo 2002
    - Genus †Helmolepis Stensiö 1932
    - Genus †Platysiagum Egerton 1872
  - Family †Polzbergiidae Griffin 1977
    - Genus †Luopingichthys Sun et al. 2009
    - Genus †Serrolepis Quenstedt 1852 ex Dames 1888
    - Genus †Ctenognathichthys Burgin 1992
    - Genus †Stoppania Lombardo, Rusconi & Tintori 2008
    - Genus †Polzbergia Griffith 1977
    - Genus †Felberia Lombardo & Tintori 2004
  - Family †Gabanellidae Tintori & Lombardo 1996
    - Genus †Gabanellia Tintori & Lombardo 1996
  - Family †Aetheodontidae Brough 1939
    - Genus †Aetheodontus Brough 1939
  - Family †Colobodontidae Andersson 1916 [Asterodontidae Jordan 1923]
    - Genus †Albertonia Gardiner 1966
    - Genus †Boreichthys Selezneva 1982
    - Genus †Cenchrodus von Meyer 1847
    - Genus †Chrotichthys Wade 1940
    - Genus †Crenilepis Dames 1888 [Crenilepoides Strand 1929]
    - Genus †Dollopterus Abel 1906 [Dolichopterus Compter 1891 non Hall 1859 non Murray 1870]
    - Genus †Engycolobodus Oertle 1927
    - Genus †Hemilopas von Meyer 1847
    - Genus †Manlietta Wade 1935
    - Genus †Meidiichthys Borough 1931
    - Genus †Meridensia Stensiö 1916
    - Genus †Nephrotus Meyer 1849 [Omphalodus Meyer 1847; Eupleurodus Gürich, 1884]
    - Genus †Pristisomus Woodward 1890
    - Genus †Procheirichthys Wade 1935
    - Genus †Zeuchthiscus Wade 1940
    - Genus †Colobodus Agassiz 1844 [Asterodon Münster, 1841]
  - Family †Pseudobeaconiidae López-Arbarello & Zavattieri 2008
    - Genus †Caminchaia Rusconi 1946a
    - Genus †Echentaia Rusconi 1946
    - Genus †Pasambaya Rusconi 1946a
    - Genus †Anatoia Rusconi 1946a
    - Genus †Pseudobeaconia Bordas 1944
  - Family †Perleididae Brough 1931 [Fuyuanperleididae Sun et al. 2012]
    - Genus †Altisolepis Mutter & Herzog 2004
    - Genus †Alvinia Sytchevskaya 1999 non Monterosato 1884
    - Genus †Chaohuperleidus Sun et al., 2013
    - Genus †Daninia Lombardo 2001
    - Genus †Diandongperleidus Geng et al. 2012
    - Genus †Endennia Lombardo & Brambillasca 2005
    - Genus †Fuyuanperleidus Geng et al. 2012
    - Genus †Luopingperleidus Geng et al. 2012
    - Genus †Megaperleidus Sytchevskaya 1999
    - Genus †Mendocinichthys Whitley 1953 [Mendocinia Bordas 1944 non Jensen-Haarup 1920]
    - Genus †Paraperleidus Zhao & Liu 2007
    - Genus †Peltoperleidus Bürgin et al. 1991
    - Genus †Plesioperleidus Su & Li 1983 sensu Tong et al. 2006 [Zhangina Liu 2002]
    - Genus †Perleidus De Alessandri 1910 sensu Lombardo et al. 2011

Timeline of genera

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Period = from:-251 till:-190 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:-251 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:1 start:-251 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify

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bar:NAM12
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bar:NAM15
bar:NAM16
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bar:NAM18
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bar:NAM20
bar:NAM21
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align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 
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bar:periodtop
from: -251   till:  -249.7    color:earlytriassic  text:Ind.
from: -249.7   till:  -245    color:earlytriassic  text:Olenekian
from: -245   till:  -237    color:middletriassic  text:Anisian 
from: -237   till:  -228    color:middletriassic  text:Ladinian 
from: -228   till:  -216.5    color:latetriassic  text:Carnian            
from: -216.5   till:  -203.6    color:latetriassic  text:Norian 
from: -203.6   till:  -199.6    color:latetriassic  text:Rhaetian

bar:eratop
from: -251   till:  -245    color:earlytriassic  text:Early Triassic
from: -245   till:  -228    color:middletriassic  text:Middle Triassic 
from: -228   till:  -199.6    color:latetriassic  text:Late Triassic

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align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left

color:earlytriassic bar:NAM1  from:	-251	till:	-249.7	text:	Chrotichthys
color:earlytriassic bar:NAM2  from:	-251	till:	-245	text:	Zeuchthiscus
color:earlytriassic bar:NAM3  from:	-251	till:	-245	text:	Tripelta
color:earlytriassic bar:NAM4  from:	-251	till:	-245	text:	Plesioperleidus
color:earlytriassic bar:NAM5  from:	-251	till:	-245	text:	Meidiichthys
color:earlytriassic bar:NAM6  from:	-251	till:	-245	text:	Hydropessum
color:earlytriassic bar:NAM7  from:	-251	till:	-245	text:	Helmolepis
color:earlytriassic bar:NAM8  from:	-251	till:	-245	text:	Boreichthys
color:earlytriassic bar:NAM9  from:	-250.13	till:	-239.67	text:	Saurichthyes
color:earlytriassic bar:NAM10  from:	-249.7	till:	-216.5	text:	Perleidus
color:earlytriassic bar:NAM11  from:	-249.7	till:	-216.5	text:	Dipteronotus
color:earlytriassic bar:NAM12  from:	-249.7	till:	-203.6	text:	Thoracopterus
color:earlytriassic bar:NAM13  from:	-249.7	till:	-199.6	text:	Colobodus
color:middletriassic bar:NAM14  from:	-245	till:	-237	text:	Dollopterus
color:middletriassic bar:NAM15  from:	-245	till:	-237	text:	Crenolepis
color:middletriassic bar:NAM16  from:	-245	till:	-237	text:	Cleithrolepis
color:middletriassic bar:NAM17  from:	-245	till:	-234	text:	Meridensia
color:middletriassic bar:NAM18  from:	-245	till:	-228	text:	Procheirichthys
color:middletriassic bar:NAM19  from:	-237	till:	-234	text:	Peltoperleidus
color:middletriassic bar:NAM20  from:	-237	till:	-234	text:	Luganoia
color:middletriassic bar:NAM21  from:	-237	till:	-234	text:	Ctenognathichthys
color:middletriassic bar:NAM22  from:	-237	till:	-234	text:	Besania
color:middletriassic bar:NAM23  from:	-237	till:	-234	text:	Aetheodontus
color:middletriassic bar:NAM24  from:	-237	till:	-228	text:	Manlietta
color:middletriassic bar:NAM25  from:	-228.7	till:	-216.5	text:	Gigantopterus
color:latetriassic bar:NAM26  from:	-212.2	till:	-207.9	text:	Gabanellia

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from: -251   till:  -249.7    color:earlytriassic  text:Ind.
from: -249.7   till:  -245    color:earlytriassic  text:Olenekian
from: -245   till:  -237    color:middletriassic  text:Anisian 
from: -237   till:  -228    color:middletriassic  text:Ladinian 
from: -228   till:  -216.5    color:latetriassic  text:Carnian            
from: -216.5   till:  -203.6    color:latetriassic  text:Norian 
from: -203.6   till:  -199.6    color:latetriassic  text:Rhaetian

bar:era
from: -251   till:  -245    color:earlytriassic  text:Early Triassic
from: -245   till:  -228    color:middletriassic  text:Middle Triassic 
from: -228   till:  -199.6    color:latetriassic  text:Late Triassic

</timeline>

References

^ Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560. Retrieved 2011-05-17.
^ Xu, G.-H. (2020). "Feroxichthys yunnanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Colobodontidae, Neopterygii), a large durophagous predator from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Luoping Biota, eastern Yunnan, China". PeerJ. 8: e10229. doi:10.7717/peerj.10229. PMC 7583626. PMID 33150093.
^ Wen, W.; Hu, S. X.; Zhang, Q. Y.; Benton, M. J.; Kriwet, J.; Chen, Z. Q.; Zhou, C. Y.; Xie, T.; Huang, J. Y. (2019). "A new species of Platysiagum from the Luoping Biota (Anisian, Middle Triassic, Yunnan, South China) reveals the relationship between Platysiagidae and Neopterygii". Geological Magazine. 156 (4): 669–682. Bibcode:2019GeoM..156..669W. doi:10.1017/S0016756818000079. hdl:1983/67be3458-c375-4742-b7b0-22e52c7b5040. S2CID 134097409.
^ Sun, Z.; Tintori, A.; Lombardo, C.; Jiang, D.; Hao, W.; Sun, Y.; Wu, F.; Rusconi, M. (2008). "A new species of the genus Colobodus Agassiz, 1844 (Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii) from the Pelsonian (Anisian, Middle Triassic) of Guizhou, South China". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 114 (3): 363–376.

External links

"Perleidiformes". Fossilworks. Retrieved 17 December 2021.

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[1] Sepkoski, Jack (2002). "A compendium of fossil marine animal genera". Bulletins of American Paleontology. 363: 1–560. Retrieved 2011-05-17.

[Xu_2020-2] Xu, G.-H. (2020). "Feroxichthys yunnanensis gen. et sp. nov. (Colobodontidae, Neopterygii), a large durophagous predator from the Middle Triassic (Anisian) Luoping Biota, eastern Yunnan, China". PeerJ. 8: e10229. doi:10.7717/peerj.10229. PMC 7583626. PMID 33150093.

[Wen2019-3] Wen, W.; Hu, S. X.; Zhang, Q. Y.; Benton, M. J.; Kriwet, J.; Chen, Z. Q.; Zhou, C. Y.; Xie, T.; Huang, J. Y. (2019). "A new species of Platysiagum from the Luoping Biota (Anisian, Middle Triassic, Yunnan, South China) reveals the relationship between Platysiagidae and Neopterygii". Geological Magazine. 156 (4): 669–682. Bibcode:2019GeoM..156..669W. doi:10.1017/S0016756818000079. hdl:1983/67be3458-c375-4742-b7b0-22e52c7b5040. S2CID 134097409.

[Sun2008-4] Sun, Z.; Tintori, A.; Lombardo, C.; Jiang, D.; Hao, W.; Sun, Y.; Wu, F.; Rusconi, M. (2008). "A new species of the genus Colobodus Agassiz, 1844 (Osteichthyes, Actinopterygii) from the Pelsonian (Anisian, Middle Triassic) of Guizhou, South China". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 114 (3): 363–376.

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