Help:IPA/Xiang Chinese

This is the pronunciation key for IPA transcriptions of Xiang Chinese on Wikipedia.

It provides a set of symbols to represent the pronunciation of Xiang Chinese in Wikipedia articles, and example words that illustrate the sounds that correspond to them. Integrity must be maintained between the key and the transcriptions that link here; do not change any symbol or value without establishing consensus on the talk page first.

For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA. For the distinction between [ ], / / and ⟨ ⟩, see IPA § Brackets and transcription delimiters.

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The following tables list the International phonetic Alphabet used for Xiang Chinese (湘語). For simplicity, only one of the romanization of Xiang Chinese is given.

Initial consonants
IPA^{[lower-roman 1]}	Pinyin^{[lower-roman 1]}	Examples^{[lower-roman 2]}
ɕ	sj	[ɕjẽ˩ fa˩ tə꜊] 現話得
f	f	[fa˨˦ moŋ˩ tʰjẽ˧] 發夢天
k	g	[kəw˥ lin˩] 構凌
kʰ	k	[tan˩˧ kʰə˨˦ mən꜊] 堂客們
l	l	[lin˩˧ fan˥] 靈泛
m	m	[ma˩˧ fən˥ tsɹ̩꜊] 麻噴子
ɲ^{[lower-roman 3]}	nj	[ɲjəw˨˦ u˨˦ li꜊] 你屋裏
ŋ	n	[paj˦˩ ŋaj˦˩] 擺矮
p	b	[pa˧ ɲjẽ] 巴釅
pʰ	p	[pʰje˦˩ tan˩ ti꜊] 撇淡的
s	s	[law˧ soŋ˧ ti꜊] 撈鬆的
ʂ	sh	[ʂa˥ mej˩ tsɹ̩꜊] 射沕子
t	d	[tõ˩ xə˨˦] 斷黑
tɕ	zj	[tjaw˩ tɕin˧ tɕʰjan˧] 掉京腔
tɕʰ	cj	[pʰu˨˦ tɕʰi˦˩ kʰwən˥] 覆起睏
tʰ	t	[tʰəw˧ jəw˩˧ po˩˧] 偷油婆
ts	z	[ʂa˥ pi˩˧ tsɹ̩꜊] 射鼻子
tsʰ	c	[tsʰaw˦˩ fan˩˧ ta꜊] 吵煩噠
tʂ	zh	[ta˦˩ tʂan˥ tsɹ̩꜊] 打帳子
tʂʰ	ch	[tʂʰə˦˩ lõ˦˩ tan˩˧] 扯卵談
x	h	[mo˧ xoŋ˧] 摸風(不到)
ʐ	r	[ʐən˩˧ sən˧ mi˦˩] 人參米

Final consonants
IPA^{[lower-roman 1]}		Pinyin ^{[lower-roman 1]}	Examples^{[lower-roman 2]}
FC	Rhyme	Pinyin ^{[lower-roman 1]}	Examples^{[lower-roman 2]}
-n	an	an	[man˦˩ ko˧] 滿哥
	ən	en	[fan˩ mən˧ tsɹ̩꜊] 飯蚊子
	in	in	[kʰoŋ˧ tin˦˩] 空頂
	jan^{[lower-roman 4]}	ian	[jan˩˧ mi˧ mi꜊] 洋咪咪
	wan^{[lower-roman 4]}	uan	[loŋ˥ wan˩˧ ti꜊] 弄黄的
	wən^{[lower-roman 4]}	uen	[ta˦˩ ljẽ˥ kwən˦˩] 打練滾
	ɥan^{[lower-roman 4]}	yan	[ɕɥan˧ tɕi˩ ʐən˩˧] 雙徛人
	ɥn^{[lower-roman 4]}	yn	[ɥn˩˧ tsɹ̩n˩] (懶得)勻淨
-ŋ	joŋ^{[lower-roman 4]}	ioq	[mi˧ joŋ˩˧ ti꜊] 䊳融的
-ŋ	oŋ	oq	[ta˦˩ tsoŋ˦˩ tsjẽ˥] 打總薦

Vowels
IPA^{[lower-roman 1]}	Pinyin^{[lower-roman 1]}	Examples^{[lower-roman 2]}
a	a	[fa˨˦ paw˦˩ tɕʰi˥] 發寶氣
aj^{[lower-roman 4]}	ai	[law˦˩ ŋaj˧ tsje꜊] 老娭毑
aw^{[lower-roman 4]}	au	[tsʰaw˦˩ poŋ˩˧] 吵棚
ej^{[lower-roman 4]}	ei	[sei˩˧ mo˦˩ tsɹ̩꜊] 隨麼子
ə^{[lower-roman 5]}	e	[tɕjaw˦˩ ə˦˩] 餃餌
əw^{[lower-roman 4]}	eu	[ta˦˩ jəw˧ tsʰan˧] 打腰餐
ә̃	el	[tʂə˦˩ ʂә̃˦˩] 扯閃
o	o	[to˩˧ təw˩ po˩˧] 馱肚婆
õ	ol	[tɕjəw˥ sõ˧ ti꜊] 臼酸的
i	i	[tjəw˧ i˨˦ moŋ˦˩ kəw˩˧] 丟一猛格
ja^{[lower-roman 4]}	ia	[ta˨˦ ja˦˩ pə˨˦] 答野白
jaw^{[lower-roman 4]}	iau	[tʰjaw˧ təin˧] 挑筋
je^{[lower-roman 4]}	ie	[lje˥ ta꜊ tɕin˦˩] 捩(噠)頸
jẽ^{[lower-roman 4]}	iel	[si˦˩ maw˧ ljẽ˦˩] 洗貓臉
jəw^{[lower-roman 4]}	ieu	[fa˨˦ ljəw˩˧ jan˩˧ moŋ˩] 發瀏陽夢
jo^{[lower-roman 4]}	io	[san˥ ɕjo˨˦] 散學
ɹ̩^{[lower-roman 3]}	x	[to˦˩ mo˧ tsɹ̩꜊] 躲摸子
ɻ̩^{[lower-roman 3]}	x	[taj˩ tʂʅ˨˦ law˦˩] 大指腦
u	u	[u˩ u˩ tsa ˩ tsa꜊] 霧霧扎扎
wa^{[lower-roman 4]}	ua	[ta˦˩ tʰjaw˦˩ kʰwa˥] 打屌胯
waj^{[lower-roman 4]}	uai	[kwaj˦˩ tʂan˩˧] 拐場
wej^{[lower-roman 4]}	uei	[maw˧ tan˩˧ kwej˦˩ tʰjaw˥] 貓彈鬼跳
wə^{[lower-roman 5]}	ue	[tsʰəw˦˩ kwə˨˦] 楚國
y	y	[y˦˩ kʰoŋ˥ tsɹ̩꜊] (鑽)雨空子
ɥa^{[lower-roman 4]}	ya	[ɕɥa˥ pə˨˦ ti꜊] 刷白的
ɥaj^{[lower-roman 4]}	yai	[ɕɥaj˦˩ paj˩˧ tsɹ̩꜊] 甩牌子
ɥe^{[lower-roman 4]}	ye	[maw˩˧ ɥe˨˦ tsɹ̩꜊] 毛熱子
ɥej^{[lower-roman 4]}	yei	[ɕɥej˦˩ kwa˩ kwa˩ ti꜊] 水垮垮的
ɥẽ^{[lower-roman 4]}	yel	[ɥẽ˩˧ fan˥] 圓泛

Tones
IPA^{[lower-roman 1]}	Numeric contours	Tonal categories (sequence)	Examples^{[lower-roman 2]}
˧	◌³³	陰平 (◌¹)	[pan˧ tsʰjaw˥] 扳俏
˩˧	◌¹³	陽平 (◌²)	[tsan˩˧ si˨˦] 殘惜
˦˩	◌⁴¹	上 (◌³)	[to˦˩ ɕjo˨˦] 躲學
˥	◌⁵⁵	陰去 (◌⁵)	[ma˨˦ sjan˥] 抹相
˩	◌¹¹	陽去 (◌⁶)	[ta˦˩ o˩ təw˦˩] 打餓肚
˨˦	◌²⁴	入 (◌⁷)	[lo˨˦ u˨˦] 落屋
꜊	◌⁰	輕 (◌⁰)	[fej˧ lən˩ ti꜊] 飛嫩的

Notes

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ^1.6 The vowels, consonants and tones are based on 长沙方言词典 (1998),^[1] itself the basis of 长沙方言研究 (1999).^[2] The romanization is based on 长沙话拼音方案Beta 5.0 (2021).^[3]
^ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Glosses are displayed over the dotted line (for desktop computers, hover your mouse cursor over it; for iOS mobile browsers, request desktop website on your toolbar and then click on the dotted line; for Android mobile browsers, it is unavailable). Vocabulary examples are drawn from 长沙方言词典 (1998)^[1] and 长沙方言常用熟语通释 (2008).^[4]
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 In sinological phonetic notation, the IPA [ɹ̩] is represented as ⟨ɿ⟩, [ɻ̩] is represented as ⟨ʅ⟩, [ɲ] is represented as ⟨ȵ⟩.
^ ^4.00 ^4.01 ^4.02 ^4.03 ^4.04 ^4.05 ^4.06 ^4.07 ^4.08 ^4.09 ^4.10 ^4.11 ^4.12 ^4.13 ^4.14 ^4.15 ^4.16 ^4.17 ^4.18 ^4.19 ^4.20 ^4.21 ^4.22 ^4.23 ^4.24 The gliding non-syllables may be less explicitly transcribed with syllables, such that the non-syllabic [j] represented as syallbic [i], [w] as [u], and [ɥ] as [y].
^ ^5.0 ^5.1 [ə] and [wə] are pronounced as [ɤ] and [wɤ] by some speakers. Also refer to ^{[lower-roman 4]}.

References

^ ^1.0 ^1.1 鲍厚星; 崔振华; 沈若云; 伍云姬 (1998). 长沙方言词典. 江苏教育出版社.
^ 鲍厚星; 崔振华; 沈若云; 伍云姬 (1999). 长沙方言研究. 江苏教育出版社. pp. 14–21.
^ 跳跳老鼠 (2021-03-02). "长沙话拼音方案Beta 5.0". Archived from the original on 2023-10-21.
^ 袁庆 (2008). 长沙方言常用熟语通释. 湖南师范大学出版社.

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References

See also