Template:Infobox fluorine

Fluorine, ₉F

Liquid fluorine (F2 at extremely low temperature)
Fluorine
Pronunciation	/ˈflʊəriːn/ /ˈflɔːriːn/ (FLOR-een)
Allotropes	alpha, beta (see Allotropes of fluorine)
Appearance	gas: very pale yellow liquid: bright yellow solid: alpha is opaque, beta is transparent
Standard atomic weight Ar°(F)
	18.998403162±0.000000005 18.998±0.001 (abridged)
Fluorine in the periodic table
Hydrogen Helium Lithium Beryllium Boron Carbon Nitrogen Oxygen Fluorine Neon Sodium Magnesium Aluminium Silicon Phosphorus Sulfur Chlorine Argon Potassium Calcium Scandium Titanium Vanadium Chromium Manganese Iron Cobalt Nickel Copper Zinc Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium Bromine Krypton Rubidium Strontium Yttrium Zirconium Niobium Molybdenum Technetium Ruthenium Rhodium Palladium Silver Cadmium Indium Tin Antimony Tellurium Iodine Xenon Caesium Barium Lanthanum Cerium Praseodymium Neodymium Promethium Samarium Europium Gadolinium Terbium Dysprosium Holmium Erbium Thulium Ytterbium Lutetium Hafnium Tantalum Tungsten Rhenium Osmium Iridium Platinum Gold Mercury (element) Thallium Lead Bismuth Polonium Astatine Radon Francium Radium Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium Curium Berkelium Californium Einsteinium Fermium Mendelevium Nobelium Lawrencium Rutherfordium Dubnium Seaborgium Bohrium Hassium Meitnerium Darmstadtium Roentgenium Copernicium Nihonium Flerovium Moscovium Livermorium Tennessine Oganesson – ↑ F ↓ Cl oxygen ← fluorine → neon
Atomic number (Z)	9
Group	group 17 (halogens)
Period	period 2
Block	p-block
Electron configuration	[He] 2s2 2p5
Electrons per shell	2, 7
Physical properties
Phase at STP	gas
Melting point	(F2) 53.48 K ​(−219.67 °C, ​−363.41 °F)
Boiling point	(F2) 85.03 K ​(−188.11 °C, ​−306.60 °F)
Density (at STP)	1.696 g/L
when liquid (at b.p.)	1.505 g/cm3
Triple point	53.48 K, ​.252 kPa
Critical point	144.41 K, 5.1724 MPa
Heat of vaporization	6.51 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	Cp: 31 J/(mol·K) (at 21.1 °C) Cv: 23 J/(mol·K) (at 21.1 °C)
Vapor pressure P (Pa) 1 10 100 1 k 10 k 100 k at T (K) 38 44 50 58 69 85
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−1, 0 (oxidizes oxygen)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 3.98
Ionization energies	1st: 1681 kJ/mol 2nd: 3374 kJ/mol 3rd: 6147 kJ/mol (more)
Covalent radius	64 pm
Van der Waals radius	135 pm
Spectral lines of fluorine
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	​cubic
Thermal conductivity	0.02591 W/(m⋅K)
Magnetic ordering	diamagnetic (−1.2×10−4)
CAS Number	7782-41-4
History
Naming	after the mineral fluorite, itself named after Latin fluo (to flow, in smelting)
Discovery	André-Marie Ampère (1810)
First isolation	Henri Moissan (June 26, 1886)
Named by	Humphry Davy André-Marie Ampère
Isotopes of fluorine
Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 18F trace 109.734 min β+ 18O 19F 100% stable

F · Fluorine
O ← ibox O	iso 9 F  [] IB-F [] IBisos []	→ Ne ibox Ne
cat:F (23) cat:F-isotopes (19)  Commons  Wikidata:Q650  Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page)

child table, as reused in {IB-F}
Main isotopes of fluorine
Main isotopes Decay abun­dance half-life (t1/2) mode pro­duct 18F trace 109.734 min β+ 18O 19F 100% stable

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)
Top image (caption, alt)
Pronunciation
Allotropes (overview)
Group (overview)
Period (overview)
Block (overview)
Natural occurrence
Phase at STP
Oxidation states
Spectral lines image
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight
most stable isotope
Wikidata
Wikidata *
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (12) · (this table: )

References

These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.

One of these is a named reference. It may be cited in the containing article as

• <ref name="CIAAW2013" /> for the source Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (from subtemplates used by {{Infobox element}})

The others are shortened footnotes created with {{sfn}}. In the Fluorine article they are hyperlinked to sources in the list at Fluorine#Indexed references.

Sources

• Cheng, H.; Fowler, D. E.; Henderson, P. B.; Hobbs, J. P.; Pascolini, M. R. (1999). "On the Magnetic Susceptibility of Fluorine". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 103 (15): 2861–2866. Bibcode:1999JPCA..103.2861C. doi:10.1021/jp9844720.
• Chisté, V.; Bé, M. M. (2011). "F-18" (PDF). In Bé, M. M.; Coursol, N.; Duchemin, B.; Lagoutine, F.; et al. (eds.). Table de radionucléides (Report). CEA (Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives), LIST, LNE-LNHB (Laboratoire National Henri Becquerel/Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique). Retrieved 15 June 2011.
• Compressed Gas Association (1999). Handbook of Compressed Gases (4th ed.). Boston: Kluwer Academic Publishers. ISBN 978-0-412-78230-5.
• Dean, John A. (1999). Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. ISBN 0-07-016190-9.
• Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. ISBN 978-1-4398-5511-9.
• Jaccaud, M.; Faron, R.; Devilliers, D.; Romano, R. (2000). "Fluorine". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. pp. 381–395. doi:10.1002/14356007.a11_293. ISBN 3527306730.
• Mackay, Kenneth Malcolm; Mackay, Rosemary Ann; Henderson, W. (2002). Introduction to Modern Inorganic Chemistry (6th ed.). Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. ISBN 0-7487-6420-8.
• Matsui, M. (2006). "Fluorine-containing Dyes". In Kim, Sung-Hoon (ed.). Functional dyes. Orlando: Academic Press. pp. 257–266. ISBN 978-0-12-412490-5.
• Yaws, Carl L.; Braker, William (2001). "Fluorine". Matheson Gas Data Book (7th ed.). Parsippany: Matheson Tri-Gas. ISBN 978-0-07-135854-5.