Template:Infobox hafnium

	child table, as reused in {IB-Hf} v; e; h;
Main isotopes of hafnium

Hafnium, ₇₂Hf
Hafnium
Pronunciation	/ˈhæfniəm/ (HAF-nee-əm)
Appearance	steel gray
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Hf)
	178.486±0.006; 178.49±0.01 (abridged);
Hafnium in the periodic table
	lutetium ← hafnium → tantalum
Atomic number (Z)	72
Group	group 4
Period	period 6
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Xe] 4f14 5d2 6s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 32, 10, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	2506 K (2233 °C, 4051 °F)
Boiling point	4876 K (4603 °C, 8317 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	13.281 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	12 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	27.2 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	648 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.73 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	−2, 0, +1, +2, +3, +4 (an amphoteric oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.3
Ionization energies	1st: 658.5 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1440 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2250 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 159 pm
Covalent radius	175±10 pm
	Spectral lines of hafnium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constants	a = 319.42 pm; c = 505.12 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	5.9 µm/(m⋅K) (at 25 °C)
Thermal conductivity	23.0 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	331 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	+75.0×10−6 cm3/mol (at 298 K)
Young's modulus	78 GPa
Shear modulus	30 GPa
Bulk modulus	110 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	3010 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio	0.37
Mohs hardness	5.5
Vickers hardness	1520–2060 MPa
Brinell hardness	1450–2100 MPa
CAS Number	7440-58-6
History
Naming	after Hafnia. Latin for: Copenhagen, where it was discovered
Prediction	Dmitri Mendeleev (1869)
Discovery and first isolation	Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy (1922)
Isotopes of hafnium v; e;
	Category: Hafnium; view; talk; edit; \| references

Hf · Hafnium
Lu ← ibox Lu	^iso ₇₂Hf [e] IB-Hf [e] IBisos [e]	→ Ta ibox Ta
cat:Hf (6) cat:Hf-isotopes (41) Commons Wikidata:Q1119 Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page) v e

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers	view edit
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)	view edit
Top image (caption, alt)	view edit
Pronunciation	view edit
Allotropes (overview)	view edit
Group (overview)	view edit
Period (overview)	view edit
Block (overview)	view edit
Natural occurrence	view edit
Phase at STP	view edit
Oxidation states	view edit
Spectral lines image	view edit
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)	view edit
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight	view edit
most stable isotope	view edit
Wikidata
Wikidata *	view edit
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (12) · (this table: v )

References

^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Hafnium". CIAAW. 2019.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
^ ^6.0 ^6.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Caracciolo, V.; Nagorny, S.; Belli, P.; et al. (2020). "Search for α decay of naturally occurring Hf-nuclides using a Cs₂HfCl₆ scintillator". Nuclear Physics A. 1002 (121941): 121941. arXiv:2005.01373. Bibcode:2020NuPhA100221941C. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2020.121941. S2CID 218487451.

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[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Hafnium". CIAAW. 2019.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Arblaster_2018-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

[magnet-4] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[5] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[NUBASE2020-6] 6.0 ^6.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[174Hf2020-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Caracciolo, V.; Nagorny, S.; Belli, P.; et al. (2020). "Search for α decay of naturally occurring Hf-nuclides using a Cs₂HfCl₆ scintillator". Nuclear Physics A. 1002 (121941): 121941. arXiv:2005.01373. Bibcode:2020NuPhA100221941C. doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2020.121941. S2CID 218487451.

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