From English Wikipedia @ Freddythechick
Chemical element with atomic number 36 (Kr)
Krypton, 36 Kr A krypton-filled
discharge tube glowing white
Pronunciation (KRIP -ton Appearance colorless gas, exhibiting a whitish glow in an electric field
Atomic number (Z ) 36 Group group 18 (noble gases) Period period 4 Block p-block Electron configuration [Ar ] 3d10 4s2 4p6 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 8 Phase at STP gas Melting point 115.78 K (−157.37 °C, −251.27 °F) Boiling point 119.93 K (−153.415 °C, −244.147 °F) Density (at STP) 3.749 g/L when liquid (at b.p. ) 2.413 g/cm3 [3] Triple point 115.775 K, 73.53 kPa[4] [5] Critical point 209.48 K, 5.525 MPa[5] Heat of fusion 1.64 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 9.08 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 20.95[6] Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
59
65
74
84
99
120
Oxidation states 0 oxide is unknown)Electronegativity Pauling scale: 3.00 Ionization energies 1st: 1350.8 kJ/mol 2nd: 2350.4 kJ/mol 3rd: 3565 kJ/mol Covalent radius 116±4 pm Van der Waals radius 202 pm Spectral lines of kryptonNatural occurrence primordial Crystal structure face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4 ) Lattice constant a = 583.57 pm (at triple point: 115.78 K)[7] Thermal conductivity 9.43×10−3 W/(m⋅K) Magnetic ordering diamagnetic [8] Molar magnetic susceptibility × 10−6 3 /mol (298 K)[9] Speed of sound (gas, 20 °C) 221 m·s−1 m/s CAS Number 7439-90-9 Discovery and first isolationWilliam Ramsay and Morris Travers (1898)
Category: Krypton references
child table, as reused in {IB-Kr}
References These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Krypton" . CIAAW . 2001.^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry . doi :10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 . ^ Krypton . encyclopedia.airliquide.com^ "Section 4, Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds; Melting, boiling, triple, and critical temperatures of the elements". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (85th ed.). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. 2005. ^ 5.0 5.1 Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics CRC Press . p. 4.121. ISBN 1-4398-5511-0 ^ Shuen-Chen Hwang, Robert D. Lein, Daniel A. Morgan (2005). "Noble Gases". Kirk Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. Wiley. pp. 343–383. doi:10.1002/0471238961.0701190508230114.a01.
^ Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements . Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9 ^ Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds , in Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5 ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 ^ 10.0 10.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF) . Chinese Physics C . 45 (3): 030001. doi :10.1088/1674-1137/abddae . ^ 11.0 11.1
Patrignani, C.; et al. (Particle Data Group ) (2016). "Review of Particle Physics". Chinese Physics C 40 (10): 100001. Bibcode :2016ChPhC..40j0001P . doi :10.1088/1674-1137/40/10/100001 .
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