Template:Infobox lithium
Chemical element with atomic number ()
 Freshly cut sample of lithium, with minimal oxides | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Lithium | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Pronunciation | /ˈlɪθiəm/ | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Appearance | silvery-white | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Standard atomic weight Ar°(Li) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Lithium in the periodic table | |||||||||||||||||||||
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| Atomic number (Z) | 3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Group | group 1: hydrogen and alkali metals | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Period | period 2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Block | s-block | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Electron configuration | [He] 2s1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrons per shell | 2, 1 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Physical properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Phase at STP | solid | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Melting point | 453.65 K (180.50 °C, 356.90 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Boiling point | 1603 K (1330 °C, 2426 °F) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Density (at 20° C) | 0.5334 g/cm3[3] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| when liquid (at m.p.) | 0.512 g/cm3 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Critical point | 3220 K, 67 MPa (extrapolated) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of fusion | 3.00 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Heat of vaporization | 136 kJ/mol | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Molar heat capacity | 24.860 J/(mol·K) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Vapor pressure
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| Atomic properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Oxidation states | 0[4], +1 (a strongly basic oxide) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Electronegativity | Pauling scale: 0.98 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Ionization energies |
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| Atomic radius | empirical: 152 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Covalent radius | 128±7 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Van der Waals radius | 182 pm | ||||||||||||||||||||
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| Other properties | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Natural occurrence | primordial | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Crystal structure | body-centered cubic (bcc) (cI2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Lattice constant |  | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal expansion | 46.56×10−6/K (at 20 °C)[3] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Thermal conductivity | 84.8 W/(m⋅K) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Electrical resistivity | 92.8 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Magnetic ordering | paramagnetic | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | +14.2×10−6 cm3/mol (298 K)[5] | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Young's modulus | 4.9 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Shear modulus | 4.2 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Bulk modulus | 11 GPa | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Speed of sound thin rod | 6000 m/s (at 20 °C) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Mohs hardness | 0.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Brinell hardness | 5 MPa | ||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS Number | 7439-93-2 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Discovery | Johan August Arfwedson (1817) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| First isolation | William Thomas Brande (1821) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Isotopes of lithium | |||||||||||||||||||||
Significant variation occurs in commercial samples because of the wide distribution of samples depleted in 6Li. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Li · Lithium | ||
|---|---|---|
| He ← |
→ Be | |
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| indexes by PT (page) | ||
| child table, as reused in {IB-Li} | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Main isotopes of lithium | |||||||||||||||||||||
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Significant variation occurs in commercial samples because of the wide distribution of samples depleted in 6Li. | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Data sets read by {{Infobox element}} | |
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| Name and identifiers | |
| Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial) | |
| Top image (caption, alt) | |
| Pronunciation | |
| Allotropes (overview) | |
| Group (overview) | |
| Period (overview) | |
| Block (overview) | |
| Natural occurrence | |
| Phase at STP | |
| Oxidation states | |
| Spectral lines image | |
| Electron configuration (cmt, ref) | |
| Isotopes | |
| Standard atomic weight | |
| most stable isotope | |
 Wikidata
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| Wikidata * | |
| * Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (11) · (this table: ) | |
References
- ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Lithium". CIAAW. 2009.
- ^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
- ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
- ^ Li(0) atoms have been observed in various small lithium-chloride clusters; see Milovanović, Milan; Veličković, Suzana; Veljkovićb, Filip; Jerosimić, Stanka (October 30, 2017). "Structure and stability of small lithium-chloride LinClm(0,1+) (n ≥ m, n = 1–6, m = 1–3) clusters". Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. 19 (45): 30481–30497. doi:10.1039/C7CP04181K. PMID 29114648.
- ^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.
- ^ 6.0 6.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.
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