From English Wikipedia @ Freddythechick
Chemical element with atomic number 70 (Yb)
Ytterbium, 70 Yb Pronunciation (ih-TUR -bee-əm Appearance silvery white; with a pale yellow tint[1]
Atomic number (Z ) 70 Group f-block groups (no number)Period period 6 Block f-block Electron configuration [Xe ] 4f14 6s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 8, 2 Phase at STP solid Melting point 1097 K (824 °C, 1515 °F) Boiling point 1469 K (1196 °C, 2185 °F) Density (at 20° C) 6.967 g/cm3 [4] when liquid (at m.p. ) 6.21 g/cm3 Heat of fusion 7.66 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization 129 kJ/mol Molar heat capacity 26.74 J/(mol·K) Vapor pressure
P (Pa)
1
10
100
1 k
10 k
100 k
at T (K)
736
813
910
1047
(1266)
(1465)
Oxidation states 0,[5] [6] +3 basic oxide) Electronegativity Pauling scale: 1.1 (?) Ionization energies 1st: 603.4 kJ/mol 2nd: 1174.8 kJ/mol 3rd: 2417 kJ/mol Atomic radius empirical: 176 pm Covalent radius 187±8 pm Spectral lines of ytterbiumNatural occurrence primordial Crystal structure face-centered cubic (fcc) (cF4 ) Lattice constants a = 548.46 pm (at 20 °C)[4] Thermal expansion × 10−6 [4] Thermal conductivity 38.5 W/(m⋅K) Electrical resistivity β, poly: 0.250 µΩ⋅m (at r.t. ) Magnetic ordering paramagnetic Molar magnetic susceptibility × 10−6 3 /mol (2928 K)[7] Young's modulus β form: 23.9 GPa Shear modulus β form: 9.9 GPa Bulk modulus β form: 30.5 GPa Speed of sound thin rod 1590 m/s (at 20 °C) Poisson ratio β form: 0.207 Vickers hardness 205–250 MPa Brinell hardness 340–440 MPa CAS Number 7440-64-4 Naming after Ytterby (Sweden), where it was mined Discovery Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac (1878) First isolation Carl Auer von Welsbach (1906)
Category: Ytterbium references
child table, as reused in {IB-Yb}
References These references will appear in the article, but this list appears only on this page.
^ Greenwood, Norman N. ; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann . p. 112. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8 ^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Ytterbium" . CIAAW . 2015.^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)" . Pure and Applied Chemistry . doi :10.1515/pac-2019-0603 . ISSN 1365-3075 . ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements . Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9 ^ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev . 22 : 17–24. doi :10.1039/CS9932200017 . Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry . 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi :10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028 .
^ La(I), Pr(I), Tb(I), Tm(I), and Yb(I) have been observed in MB8 − clusters; see Li, Wan-Lu; Chen, Teng-Teng; Chen, Wei-Jia; Li, Jun; Wang, Lai-Sheng (2021). "Monovalent lanthanide(I) in borozene complexes" . Nature Communications . 12 (1): 6467. doi :10.1038/s41467-021-26785-9 . PMC 8578558 PMID 34753931 .
^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics . Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4 ^ 8.0 8.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF) . Chinese Physics C . 45 (3): 030001. doi :10.1088/1674-1137/abddae . Lua error in mw.title.lua at line 229: too many expensive function calls.
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