Template:Infobox yttrium

	child table, as reused in {IB-Y} v; e; h;
Main isotopes of yttrium
γ	–
γ	–
γ	–
γ	–

Yttrium, ₃₉Y
Yttrium
Pronunciation	/ˈɪtriəm/ (IT-ree-əm)
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Y)
	88.905838±0.000002; 88.906±0.001 (abridged);
Yttrium in the periodic table
	strontium ← yttrium → zirconium
Atomic number (Z)	39
Group	group 3
Period	period 5
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d1 5s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 9, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	1799 K (1526 °C, 2779 °F)
Boiling point	3203 K (2930 °C, 5306 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	4.469 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	4.24 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	11.42 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	363 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	26.53 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	0, +1, +2, +3 (a weakly basic oxide)
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.22
Ionization energies	1st: 600 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1180 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 1980 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 180 pm
Covalent radius	190±7 pm
	Spectral lines of yttrium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constants	a = 364.83 pm; c = 573.17 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	11.21×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	17.2 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	α, poly: 596 nΩ⋅m (at r.t.)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Molar magnetic susceptibility	+2.15×10−6 cm3/mol (2928 K)
Young's modulus	63.5 GPa
Shear modulus	25.6 GPa
Bulk modulus	41.2 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	3300 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio	0.243
Brinell hardness	200–589 MPa
CAS Number	7440-65-5
History
Naming	after Ytterby (Sweden) and its mineral ytterbite (gadolinite)
Discovery	Johan Gadolin (1794)
First isolation	Friedrich Wöhler (1838)
Isotopes of yttrium v; e;
γ	–
γ	–
γ	–
γ	–
	Category: Yttrium; view; talk; edit; \| references

Y · Yttrium
Sr ← ibox Sr	^iso ₃₉Y [e] IB-Y [e] IBisos [e]	→ Zr ibox Zr
cat:Y (4) cat:Y-isotopes (38) Commons Wikidata:Q941 Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page) v e

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers	view edit
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)	view edit
Top image (caption, alt)	view edit
Pronunciation	view edit
Allotropes (overview)	view edit
Group (overview)	view edit
Period (overview)	view edit
Block (overview)	view edit
Natural occurrence	view edit
Phase at STP	view edit
Oxidation states	view edit
Spectral lines image	view edit
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)	view edit
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight	view edit
most stable isotope	view edit
Wikidata
Wikidata *	view edit
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (12) · (this table: v )

^ The thermal expansion is anisotropic: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are α_a = 7.42×10⁻⁶/K, α_c = 18.80×10⁻⁶/K, and α_average = α_V/3 = 11.21×10⁻⁶/K.^[3]

References

^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
^ Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.
^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
^ Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

Lua error in mw.title.lua at line 229: too many expensive function calls.

[5] The thermal expansion is anisotropic: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are α_a = 7.42×10⁻⁶/K, α_c = 18.80×10⁻⁶/K, and α_average = α_V/3 = 11.21×10⁻⁶/K.^[3]

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Yttrium". CIAAW. 2021.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Arblaster_2018-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

[Cloke1993-4] Yttrium and all lanthanides except Ce and Pm have been observed in the oxidation state 0 in bis(1,3,5-tri-t-butylbenzene) complexes, see Cloke, F. Geoffrey N. (1993). "Zero Oxidation State Compounds of Scandium, Yttrium, and the Lanthanides". Chem. Soc. Rev. 22: 17–24. doi:10.1039/CS9932200017. and Arnold, Polly L.; Petrukhina, Marina A.; Bochenkov, Vladimir E.; Shabatina, Tatyana I.; Zagorskii, Vyacheslav V.; Cloke (2003-12-15). "Arene complexation of Sm, Eu, Tm and Yb atoms: a variable temperature spectroscopic investigation". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 688 (1–2): 49–55. doi:10.1016/j.jorganchem.2003.08.028.

[magnet-6] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[7] Weast, Robert (1984). CRC, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. Boca Raton, Florida: Chemical Rubber Company Publishing. pp. E110. ISBN 0-8493-0464-4.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[a]

[5]

[6]