Template:Infobox zirconium

	child table, as reused in {IB-Zr} v; e; h;
Main isotopes of zirconium
γ	–
β+	89Y
γ	–

Zirconium, ₄₀Zr
Zirconium
Pronunciation	/zɜːrˈkoʊniəm/ (zur-KOH-nee-əm)
Appearance	silvery white
Standard atomic weight Ar°(Zr)
	91.224±0.002; 91.224±0.002 (abridged);
Zirconium in the periodic table
	yttrium ← zirconium → niobium
Atomic number (Z)	40
Group	group 4
Period	period 5
Block	d-block
Electron configuration	[Kr] 4d2 5s2
Electrons per shell	2, 8, 18, 10, 2
Physical properties
Phase at STP	solid
Melting point	2125 K (1852 °C, 3365 °F)
Boiling point	4650 K (4377 °C, 7911 °F)
Density (at 20° C)	6.505 g/cm3
when liquid (at m.p.)	5.8 g/cm3
Heat of fusion	14 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization	591 kJ/mol
Molar heat capacity	25.36 J/(mol·K)
Atomic properties
Oxidation states	+2, +4
Electronegativity	Pauling scale: 1.33
Ionization energies	1st: 640.1 kJ/mol ; 2nd: 1270 kJ/mol ; 3rd: 2218 kJ/mol ; ;
Atomic radius	empirical: 160 pm
Covalent radius	175±7 pm
	Spectral lines of zirconium
Other properties
Natural occurrence	primordial
Crystal structure	hexagonal close-packed (hcp) (hP2)
Lattice constants	a = 323.22 pm; c = 514.79 pm (at 20 °C)
Thermal expansion	5.69×10−6/K (at 20 °C)
Thermal conductivity	22.6 W/(m⋅K)
Electrical resistivity	421 nΩ⋅m (at 20 °C)
Magnetic ordering	paramagnetic
Young's modulus	88 GPa
Shear modulus	33 GPa
Bulk modulus	91.1 GPa
Speed of sound thin rod	3800 m/s (at 20 °C)
Poisson ratio	0.34
Mohs hardness	5.0
Vickers hardness	820–1800 MPa
Brinell hardness	638–1880 MPa
CAS Number	7440-67-7
History
Naming	after zircon, zargun زرگون meaning "gold-colored".
Discovery	Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1789)
First isolation	Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1824)
Isotopes of zirconium v; e;
γ	–
β+	89Y
γ	–
	Category: Zirconium; view; talk; edit; \| references

Zr · Zirconium
Y ← ibox Y	^iso ₄₀Zr [e] IB-Zr [e] IBisos [e]	→ Nb ibox Nb
cat:Zr (4) cat:Zr-isotopes (38) Commons Wikidata:Q1038 Wiktionary
indexes by PT (page) v e

Data sets read by {{Infobox element}}
Name and identifiers	view edit
Symbol etymology (11 non-trivial)	view edit
Top image (caption, alt)	view edit
Pronunciation	view edit
Allotropes (overview)	view edit
Group (overview)	view edit
Period (overview)	view edit
Block (overview)	view edit
Natural occurrence	view edit
Phase at STP	view edit
Oxidation states	view edit
Spectral lines image	view edit
Electron configuration (cmt, ref)	view edit
Isotopes
Standard atomic weight	view edit
most stable isotope	view edit
Wikidata
Wikidata *	view edit
* Not used in {{Infobox element}} (2023-01-01) See also {{Index of data sets}} · Cat:data sets (12) · (this table: v )

Notes

^ The thermal expansion of a zirconium crystal is anisotropic: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are α_a = 4.91×10⁻⁶/K, α_c = 7.26×10⁻⁶/K, and α_average = α_V/3 = 5.69×10⁻⁶/K.^[3]

References

^ "Standard Atomic Weights: Zirconium". CIAAW. 1983.
^ Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.
^ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.
^ Calderazzo, Fausto; Pampaloni, Guido (January 1992). "Organometallics of groups 4 and 5: Oxidation states II and lower". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 423 (3): 307–328. doi:10.1016/0022-328X(92)83126-3.
^ Ma, Wen; Herbert, F. William; Senanayake, Sanjaya D.; Yildiz, Bilge (2015-03-09). "Non-equilibrium oxidation states of zirconium during early stages of metal oxidation". Applied Physics Letters. 106 (10). doi:10.1063/1.4914180. ISSN 0003-6951.
^ Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

Lua error in mw.title.lua at line 229: too many expensive function calls.

[6] The thermal expansion of a zirconium crystal is anisotropic: the parameters (at 20 °C) for each crystal axis are α_a = 4.91×10⁻⁶/K, α_c = 7.26×10⁻⁶/K, and α_average = α_V/3 = 5.69×10⁻⁶/K.^[3]

[1] "Standard Atomic Weights: Zirconium". CIAAW. 1983.

[CIAAW2021-2] Prohaska, Thomas; Irrgeher, Johanna; Benefield, Jacqueline; Böhlke, John K.; Chesson, Lesley A.; Coplen, Tyler B.; Ding, Tiping; Dunn, Philip J. H.; Gröning, Manfred; Holden, Norman E.; Meijer, Harro A. J. (2022-05-04). "Standard atomic weights of the elements 2021 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. doi:10.1515/pac-2019-0603. ISSN 1365-3075.

[Arblaster_2018-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 Arblaster, John W. (2018). Selected Values of the Crystallographic Properties of Elements. Materials Park, Ohio: ASM International. ISBN 978-1-62708-155-9.

[4] Calderazzo, Fausto; Pampaloni, Guido (January 1992). "Organometallics of groups 4 and 5: Oxidation states II and lower". Journal of Organometallic Chemistry. 423 (3): 307–328. doi:10.1016/0022-328X(92)83126-3.

[5] Ma, Wen; Herbert, F. William; Senanayake, Sanjaya D.; Yildiz, Bilge (2015-03-09). "Non-equilibrium oxidation states of zirconium during early stages of metal oxidation". Applied Physics Letters. 106 (10). doi:10.1063/1.4914180. ISSN 0003-6951.

[magnet-7] Lide, D. R., ed. (2005). "Magnetic susceptibility of the elements and inorganic compounds". CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (PDF) (86th ed.). Boca Raton (FL): CRC Press. ISBN 0-8493-0486-5.

[NUBASE2020-8] 7.0 ^7.1 Kondev, F. G.; Wang, M.; Huang, W. J.; Naimi, S.; Audi, G. (2021). "The NUBASE2020 evaluation of nuclear properties" (PDF). Chinese Physics C. 45 (3): 030001. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddae.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[a]

[6]

[7]