Eurovision Song Contest 1985

From English Wikipedia @ Freddythechick

Eurovision Song Contest 1985
File:ESC 1985 logo.png
Dates
Final4 May 1985
Host
VenueScandinavium
Gothenburg, Sweden
Presenter(s)Lill Lindfors
Musical directorCurt-Eric Holmquist
Directed bySteen Priwin
Executive supervisorFrank Naef
Executive producerSteen Priwin
Host broadcasterSveriges Television (SVT)
Participants
Number of entries19
Debuting countriesNone
Returning countries
Non-returning countries
  • <imagemap> File:ESC_1985_Map_2.svg|299px|alt=A coloured map of the countries of Europe poly 244 323 245 319 252 316 261 316 269 318 267 322 270 325 272 330 266 333 266 338 261 338 261 331 257 334 258 329 252 324 247 323 Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 289 469 287 465 288 456 288 451 286 447 292 443 295 442 297 443 312 426 310 422 308 420 303 407 296 403 292 401 284 407 283 408 283 404 276 404 276 402 276 398 272 395 275 395 278 390 276 385 282 384 289 378 294 385 294 379 300 380 305 373 308 374 315 371 318 371 322 375 331 376 331 382 330 384 324 389 320 389 320 393 323 397 321 399 322 402 317 402 318 414 329 414 329 409 333 412 336 419 339 426 344 432 354 432 358 432 356 435 368 440 375 444 381 448 380 453 374 449 369 447 367 449 362 456 368 461 368 466 364 472 358 477 355 478 353 486 353 491 351 491 351 494 346 494 343 488 332 484 327 483 327 480 333 478 343 479 353 476 358 473 361 468 358 458 355 456 351 449 340 446 338 439 331 437 332 426 319 426 319 429 312 426 298 442 298 446 301 448 299 454 299 467 293 465 Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 266 318 261 315 253 315 260 307 263 299 267 294 278 291 281 295 281 300 278 302 278 305 277 311 270 311 272 316 272 320 272 325 268 325 268 320 262 315 Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 276 385 274 377 272 377 267 380 268 375 272 371 276 366 277 363 285 363 289 361 293 361 293 363 292 363 292 374 304 374 304 372 306 372 303 377 298 379 294 379 294 384 290 381 287 378 284 381 Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 281 364 281 358 283 352 286 347 278 344 275 343 275 338 273 333 274 329 272 320 272 317 272 313 275 312 280 307 280 302 282 295 282 290 288 290 289 293 291 287 296 287 295 280 292 275 301 277 303 280 310 281 307 287 308 294 308 297 311 298 311 300 308 303 312 309 307 318 304 318 303 322 303 328 302 331 307 333 313 331 316 331 320 333 321 337 326 344 333 351 325 355 325 361 315 362 311 363 306 361 Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 225 234 219 246 213 252 221 255 225 273 229 280 233 288 229 294 238 294 241 296 241 304 230 311 236 314 225 320 209 318 199 316 197 320 193 318 182 321 192 311 197 310 203 310 208 305 202 308 189 301 199 295 196 284 207 285 212 277 208 267 200 265 188 272 176 266 181 258 189 258 192 268 199 265 199 260 200 251 197 241 201 232 193 223 196 220 206 221 216 220 229 201 226 217 218 223 211 231 United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 rect 270 404 283 416 Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 269 341 267 334 271 332 275 336 274 342 Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 69 539 0 539 0 503 69 502 131 469 137 458 135 455 139 448 137 441 143 441 147 425 153 420 150 415 141 415 134 410 136 401 132 397 142 392 155 398 173 403 187 405 198 409 210 417 220 417 220 426 233 426 233 424 239 424 239 429 248 454 226 465 206 465 195 476 190 476 184 484 160 482 152 484 148 488 144 482 141 474 138 471 133 469 69 502 69 538 Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 179 292 174 292 164 295 156 295 156 292 151 292 151 289 155 286 160 282 164 275 158 271 163 262 170 265 171 260 175 254 178 255 179 261 175 265 176 268 180 268 181 268 186 273 184 281 184 288 Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 293 275 291 268 290 266 292 264 289 257 291 248 296 248 300 242 304 242 303 253 306 257 317 261 318 266 318 272 311 277 Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 369 198 368 189 365 175 367 170 370 165 376 146 380 142 378 136 372 134 368 128 368 122 363 110 360 107 347 102 347 99 350 96 357 100 364 101 370 98 370 90 370 86 375 80 384 85 382 98 384 101 389 103 392 106 391 113 400 125 401 138 405 142 410 146 408 152 413 155 420 157 419 166 415 177 408 191 400 193 392 199 384 204 373 198 Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 278 231 274 227 274 219 271 201 273 189 283 180 297 172 304 162 314 150 316 132 325 118 320 113 324 105 336 94 348 84 362 71 372 69 321 11 311 0 322 0 322 11 371 69 381 71 385 72 383 77 385 82 385 86 374 81 371 85 371 94 370 101 363 101 357 101 351 95 349 100 347 106 340 107 339 112 335 113 333 120 331 128 328 135 325 135 325 142 321 155 325 158 322 164 315 164 313 167 313 179 315 183 313 193 318 194 315 201 318 206 315 213 312 218 313 225 308 222 306 214 303 216 303 221 302 226 296 229 291 234 285 235 282 235 Norway in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 119 467 123 451 117 448 128 427 133 410 140 414 149 415 154 420 147 426 144 440 139 441 140 447 136 454 137 459 132 465 132 468 128 471 Portugal in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 317 250 313 239 314 235 311 233 309 227 311 223 313 215 318 209 316 199 318 196 314 192 314 183 313 172 313 165 317 162 324 162 324 160 320 155 323 145 324 138 330 131 333 119 337 113 342 107 346 107 348 101 357 103 363 110 365 117 367 121 367 127 373 135 364 136 362 143 358 150 361 152 358 159 353 164 348 172 344 182 344 193 344 199 348 203 356 212 353 221 348 224 360 233 360 243 357 243 356 238 358 232 347 225 346 234 346 243 347 246 345 251 343 257 332 258 331 261 330 268 326 268 321 258 321 255 320 248 Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 569 535 559 523 556 517 557 512 559 496 564 493 568 506 Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 399 454 403 443 404 436 411 436 411 433 418 432 422 427 431 424 440 426 442 426 450 422 448 416 455 420 452 426 453 430 448 430 439 430 437 432 430 434 430 441 420 440 420 445 424 449 431 455 439 461 443 465 437 466 437 472 438 496 446 497 453 497 465 497 452 501 439 499 439 496 438 470 434 468 428 471 432 477 426 477 431 486 424 485 416 483 417 477 403 469 408 467 Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 rect 338 498 350 509 Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 331 376 321 374 321 371 313 371 307 375 304 375 305 363 314 363 322 362 328 364 324 358 330 352 333 350 338 350 342 346 351 347 356 349 358 352 362 356 355 362 355 370 350 374 336 377 327 374 Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 200 407 206 379 208 372 203 367 199 355 187 348 184 339 196 339 198 343 209 345 209 332 218 337 225 334 235 330 237 321 244 319 252 328 256 331 266 338 275 341 288 346 284 356 281 365 269 377 274 379 277 386 275 393 276 404 270 404 270 416 296 423 298 427 296 436 294 438 291 433 291 427 296 424 270 415 262 415 256 411 248 410 240 415 240 424 233 424 234 414 221 414 221 416 216 417 203 412 France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 582 375 591 371 596 371 604 374 604 381 605 383 615 383 615 389 618 398 623 405 628 410 625 414 612 416 602 423 593 429 587 437 581 441 574 439 568 447 558 448 561 453 557 459 555 456 557 449 554 448 549 454 540 455 536 464 524 470 515 465 505 464 503 467 503 474 496 476 489 474 473 470 468 463 458 458 461 451 461 444 455 444 455 438 464 433 476 433 477 426 483 421 477 421 464 423 461 430 453 431 454 423 452 418 454 413 460 410 467 414 479 416 497 414 504 402 517 396 530 395 542 395 556 394 563 391 570 387 577 383 Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 poly 387 425 375 419 364 413 354 407 348 401 345 396 344 392 340 390 336 394 334 396 332 390 332 381 331 377 339 376 350 371 352 370 361 380 368 383 372 379 382 376 390 377 396 384 398 388 402 391 409 389 410 394 410 399 417 406 411 412 414 417 421 424 418 429 414 432 410 436 401 436 399 431 397 422 389 418 387 425 Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 96 539 97 533 104 524 106 520 116 514 128 512 134 505 144 489 152 499 161 502 170 503 180 506 183 511 181 531 183 536 186 539 96 539 Morocco in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 530 487 524 482 533 473 544 469 543 480 Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest 1985 desc bottom-right </imagemap>      Competing countries     Countries that participated in the past but not in 1985
Vote
Voting systemEach country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 point(s) to their 10 favourite songs
Winning song Norway
"La det swinge"
1984 ← Eurovision Song Contest → 1986

The Eurovision Song Contest 1985 was the 30th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 4 May 1985 in the Scandinavium in Gothenburg, Sweden. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT), and presented by Lill Lindfors, the contest was held in Sweden following the country's victory at the 1984 contest with the song "Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley" by Herreys.

Nineteen countries participated in the contest; Greece and Israel returned after a one-year absence, while the Netherlands and Yugoslavia, which had participated in the previous year's event, declined to enter due to separate memorial events in those countries coinciding with the date of the contest.

The winner was Norway with the song "La det swinge", composed and written by Rolf Løvland and performed by the group Bobbysocks!. This was Norway's first contest victory, and only the third top five placing for a country which had placed last on six previous occasions, including three times receiving nul points. With a total of 123 points, "La det swinge" remains the lowest scoring winner under the voting system used between 1975 and 2015. Germany, Sweden, the United Kingdom and Israel rounded out the top five positions.

Location

Scandinavium, Gothenburg – host venue of the 1985 contest

The 1985 contest took place in Gothenburg, Sweden, following the country's victory at the 1984 contest with the song "Diggi-Loo Diggi-Ley" performed by Herreys. It was the second time that Sweden had hosted the event, ten years after the previous staging held in the country, when the 1975 contest was held in Stockholm.[1] The chosen venue was the Scandinavium, an indoor arena inaugurated in 1971, home to the Frölunda HC ice hockey team and the venue of the annual Gothenburg Horse Show.[2][3][4] The Scandinavium was chosen by host broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT) from a number of bids submitted by various Swedish cities and venues; among those known to have been considered to stage the contest were the Berwald Hall in Stockholm and the Tipshallen [sv] in Jönköping.[5] The stadium's maximum capacity of 14,000 people was reduced to 8,000 attendees for the contest, in order to provide space for the stage and technical equipment; this contest was the first to be held in a multi-purpose arena and established several broadcasting standards still used in the contest today. Furthermore, until the construction of the Scotiabank Saddledome in 1983, this was the largest arena of its kind in the world and until the 2000 edition this was the largest venue and the largest assembled audience in the history of the contest.[3][6][7] During the week leading up to the rehearsals and the televised grand final ,EBU and SVT held the official reception for the participating delegations, which was held on the evening of 1 May at Kronhuset.[6]

Participating countries

Eurovision Song Contest 1985 – Participation summaries by country
1978 contest winner Izhar Cohen represented Israel for a second time at this year's event.

Nineteen countries in total participated in the 1985 contest. Greece and Israel both returned following a one-year absence, however the Netherlands and Yugoslavia, which had competed in the previous year's contest, declined to enter in 1985 as the date of the contest coincided with memorial days in the countries, specifically the Remembrance of the Dead, and the anniversary of the death of Yugoslav president Josip Broz Tito, respectively.[2][6] It was the first time in the contest's history that there was no entry from the Netherlands, with the nation having previously competed in every event since its creation in 1956.[6][7][8]

Several of the participating artists in this year's event had previously competed in past editions of the contest. Izhar Cohen, who had previously won the 1978 contest with the song "A-Ba-Ni-Bi" alongside the group Alphabeta, made a second contest appearance for Israel at this event;[9] Hot Eyes represented Denmark for a second consecutive year;[10] Al Bano and Romina Power also made a second contest appearance for Italy, having previously competed for the country in 1976;[11] the two members of Norway's group Bobbysocks! had previously competed in the event separately, with Hanne Krogh having represented Norway in 1971, and Elisabeth Andreasson previously competing for Sweden in 1982 as a member of the group Chips;[12] Kikki Danielsson, who was also a member of Chips, competed in this event as a solo artist for Sweden;[13] the Swiss duo Mariella Farré and Pino Gasparini [de] had also previously competed in the contest for Switzerland on separate entries, with Farré having competed in 1983 as a soloist, while Gasparini had been a member of the Pepe Lienhard Band which had represented Switzerland in 1977;[14][15] Gary Lux competed for Austria in this event as a solo artist, having previously represented the country in 1983 as a member of the group Westend;[16] and Ireen Sheer, who had twice competed in Eurovision, for Luxembourg in 1974 and for Germany in 1978, represented Luxembourg again at this contest alongside five other artists.[17] Additionally, Cyprus's Lia Vissi had previously participated as backing vocalist for Greece at the contest on two separate occasions, in 1979 and 1980, the latter as a member of the group the Epikouri, and Rhonda Heath, who was a member of the group Silver Convention that had represented Germany in 1977, returned as a backing vocalist for Austria at this event.[18][19][20]

Production and format

The Eurovision Song Contest 1985 was produced by the Swedish public broadcaster Sveriges Television (SVT). Steen Priwin [sv] served as executive producer and director, Ingemar Wiberg [sv] served as designer, and Curt-Eric Holmquist served as musical director, leading the orchestra.[2][24] A separate musical director could be nominated by each country to lead the orchestra during their performance, with the host musical director also available to conduct for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor.[18]

Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration and performed in the language, or one of the languages, of the country which it represented.[25][26] A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance.[25][27] Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-only backing tracks, however any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage being mimed by the performers.[27][28]

The results of the 1985 contest were determined through the same scoring system as had first been introduced in 1975: each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry.[29] The points awarded by each country were determined by an assembled jury of eleven individuals, who were all required to be members of the public with no connection to the music industry, with a recommendation that there should be a balance between the sexes and that half should be under 25 years old. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and five votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs in the top ten received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing.[30][31]

Rehearsals for the participating artists began on 28 April 1985. Two technical rehearsals were conducted for each participating delegation in the week approaching the contest, with countries rehearsing in the order in which they would perform. The first rehearsals of 40 minutes were held on 29 and 30 April, followed by a press conference for each delegation and the accredited press. Each country's second rehearsals were held on 1 and 2 May and lasted 25 minutes total. Three dress rehearsals were held with all artists, two held in the afternoon and evening of 3 May and one final rehearsal in the afternoon of 4 May, with an invited audience present for the second dress rehearsal.[6]

Contest overview

Hanne Krogh (left) and Elisabeth Andreasson, the members of Bobbysocks!, during their Eurovision performance.

The contest was held on 4 May 1985, beginning at 21:00 (CEST) and lasting 2 hours and 46 minutes.[2][18] The event was presented by the Swedish singer Lill Lindfors; Lindfors had previously represented Sweden in the 1966 contest, placing second alongside Svante Thuresson with the song "Nygammal vals".[6][32] Following the confirmation of the nineteen participating countries, a draw was held in Gothenburg on 7 December 1984 to determine the running order (R/O) of the contest.[6]

Lindfors opened the contest with a performance of "My Joy Is Building Bricks of Music", an English version of her song "Musik ska byggas utav glädje", becoming the first contest presenter to perform during the contest.[7][32] To mark the thirtieth staging of the contest, among the invited audience present was Lys Assia, the contest's first winning artist and representative for Switzerland in three consecutive contests, in 1956, 1957 and 1958.[18][33] The interval act featured jazz guitarists Peter Almqvist and Ulf Wakenius, performing as Guitars Unlimited.[34][35] Lindfors was also part of a memorable moment from the contest, when returning to the stage following the interval act the skirt of her outfit, designed by Christer Lindarw, got caught on the set and ripped off in an apparent wardrobe malfunction, before Lindfors unclipped the top portion of her outfit to reveal a dress;[36][7][30] returning to the microphone, she remarked to the audience, "I just wanted you to wake up a little."[37] The trophy awarded to the winning songwriter was presented by the previous year's winning artists Herreys.[34][37]

The winner was Norway represented by the song "La det swinge", composed and written by Rolf Løvland, and performed by Hanne Krogh and Elisabeth Andreasson as Bobbysocks!.[12][38] It was Norway's first contest win, and marked a notable turnaround in fortune for the country, which had only placed in the top five on two previous occasions while having placed last six times, including three nul points, at the time of the event,[39][40] a fact on which Lindfors commented as she interviewed Bobbysocks! on stage following their victory.[12] During the traditional winner's reprise performance, the group sung part of the winning song as its English version "Let It Swing", with the English lyrics also written by Løvland.[24][37]

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1985[41]
R/O Country Artist Song Points Place
1  Ireland Maria Christian "Wait Until the Weekend Comes" 91 6
2  Finland Sonja Lumme "Eläköön elämä" 58 9
3  Cyprus Lia Vissi "To katalava arga" 15 16
4  Denmark Hot Eyes "Sku' du spørg' fra no'en" 41 11
5  Spain Paloma San Basilio "La fiesta terminó" 36 14
6  France Roger Bens "Femme dans ses rêves aussi" 56 10
7  Turkey MFÖ "Didai didai dai" 36 14
8  Belgium Linda Lepomme "Laat me nu gaan" 7 19
9  Portugal Adelaide "Penso em ti, eu sei" 9 18
10  Germany Wind "Für alle" 105 2
11  Israel Izhar Cohen "Olé, Olé" 93 5
12  Italy Al Bano and Romina Power "Magic, Oh Magic" 78 7
13  Norway Bobbysocks! "La det swinge" 123 1
14  United Kingdom Vikki "Love Is" 100 4
15   Switzerland Mariella Farré and Pino Gasparini "Piano, piano" 39 12
16  Sweden Kikki Danielsson "Bra vibrationer" 103 3
17  Austria Gary Lux "Kinder dieser Welt" 60 8
18  Luxembourg Margo, Franck Olivier, Chris Roberts, Malcolm Roberts, Ireen Sheer and Diane Solomon "Children, Kinder, Enfants" 37 13
19  Greece Takis Biniaris "Miazoume" 15 16

Spokespersons

Each country nominated a spokesperson, connected to the contest venue via telephone lines and responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for their respective country.[25][42] Known spokespersons at the 1985 contest are listed below.

Detailed voting results

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries.[30] The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order.[30][37] The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.

Norway's victory at this contest was achieved with the lowest winning score awarded under the voting system used between 1975 and 2015.[7][30] Although the Norwegian entry received the maximum score from eight of the voting countries, almost half of those eligible, the Norwegian entry also received only 27 points from the remaining ten countries which could vote for Norway.[30]

Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1985[43][44]
Total score
Ireland
Finland
Cyprus
Denmark
Spain
France
Turkey
Belgium
Portugal
Germany
Israel
Italy
Norway
United Kingdom
Switzerland
Sweden
Austria
Luxembourg
Greece
Contestants
Ireland 91 1 7 3 4 3 5 8 8 4 8 12 3 3 5 7 10
Finland 58 6 6 6 3 1 7 7 2 10 10
Cyprus 15 1 3 3 8
Denmark 41 3 10 3 1 6 2 6 5 5
Spain 36 2 8 1 12 2 4 1 6
France 56 5 4 1 3 3 10 2 4 6 3 3 12
Turkey 36 7 2 3 1 2 1 8 12
Belgium 7 7
Portugal 9 2 7
Germany 105 4 10 12 10 10 8 10 7 7 8 1 8 10
Israel 93 8 5 4 8 12 5 7 5 10 5 7 2 7 6 2
Italy 78 6 10 1 12 5 8 2 12 4 6 12
Norway 123 12 4 12 1 2 12 12 12 6 12 6 12 12 7 1
United Kingdom 100 5 7 5 5 6 10 6 6 5 2 8 7 10 4 2 8 4
Switzerland 39 3 2 6 6 5 4 1 5 1 1 2 3
Sweden 103 10 12 8 2 7 4 7 8 6 4 12 6 8 4 5
Austria 60 3 7 1 4 10 10 2 10 1 3 4 5
Luxembourg 37 2 4 10 3 5 1 4 8
Greece 15 8 7

12 points

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. Norway received the maximum score of 12 points from eight of the voting countries, with Italy receiving three sets of 12 points, Sweden receiving two sets, and France, Germany, Ireland, Israel, Spain and Turkey each receiving one maximum score.[43][44]

Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 1985[43][44]
N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
8  Norway  Austria,  Belgium,  Denmark,  Germany,  Ireland,  Israel,  Sweden,  United Kingdom
3  Italy  Luxembourg,  Portugal,  Spain
2  Sweden  Finland,  Norway
1  France  Greece
 Germany  Cyprus
 Ireland  Italy
 Israel  France
 Spain  Turkey
 Turkey   Switzerland

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.[27] An estimated maximum audience of over 600 million viewers and listeners was reported in the media around the time of the contest.[45] Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref.
 Australia SBS SBS TV[g] [79]
 Czechoslovakia ČST ČST2[h] [80]
 Iceland RÚV Sjónvarpið Hinrik Bjarnason [81]
 Malaysia TV3[i] [82]
 Netherlands Olympus[j] Gerrit den Braber [83][84]
 Poland TP TP1[k] [85]
 Romania TVR Programul 1[l] [86]

Notes

  1. ^ On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[23]
  2. ^ Delayed broadcast on 18 May 1985 at 21:45 (GNST)[54]
  3. ^ Delayed broadcast on 11 May 1985 at 21:30 (WET)[55]
  4. ^ Delayed broadcast in Martinique on 5 June 1985 at 20:26 (AST)[58]
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Deferred broadcast at 22:30 (CEST)[66][67]
  6. ^ Deferred broadcast at 22:55 (CEST)[69]
  7. ^ Deferred broadcast on 5 May at 19:30 (AEST)[79]
  8. ^ Delayed broadcast in a shortened format on 1 June 1985 at 11:05 (CEST)[80]
  9. ^ Delayed broadcast on 1 June 1985 at 20:30 (MST)[82]
  10. ^ Deferred broadcast on 6 May at 10:00 (CEST)[83]
  11. ^ Delayed broadcast on 25 May 1985 at 20:00 (CEST)[85]
  12. ^ Delayed broadcast in a shortened format on 25 May 1985 at 19:50 (EET)[86]

References

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  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 "Gothenburg 1985 – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 "Arena facts about Scandinavium in Gothenburg". Got Event. Archived from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  4. ^ Stub Alhaug, Therese (19 March 2016). "The History of Gothenburg Horse Show". Equilife World. Archived from the original on 1 May 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Thorsson, Leif; Verhage, Martin (2006). Melodifestivalen genom tiderna : de svenska uttagningarna och internationella finalerna [Melodifestivalen through the ages: the Swedish selections and international finals] (in svenska). Stockholm: Premium Publishing. pp. 180–181. ISBN 91-89136-29-2.
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing. pp. 227–228. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 O'Connor, John Kennedy (2010). The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History (2nd ed.). London, United Kingdom: Carlton Books. pp. 100–103. ISBN 978-1-84732-521-1.
  8. ^ "Netherlands – Participation history". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 17 May 2022. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  9. ^ "33 years ago today - Izhar Cohen & Alphabeta seal Israel's maiden win". European Broadcasting Union. 22 April 2011. Archived from the original on 16 May 2017. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  10. ^ Jordan, Paul (6 November 2016). "Top ten Danish delights". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 12 May 2018. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
  11. ^ Van Lith, Nick (29 January 2023). "Al Bano named Una Voce per San Marino jury president". ESCXtra. Archived from the original on 29 January 2023. Retrieved 30 April 2024.
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  22. ^ "1985 – 30th edition". diggiloo.net. Archived from the original on 22 March 2022. Retrieved 4 July 2023.
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  24. ^ 24.0 24.1 Roxburgh, Gordon (2016). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Three: The 1980s. Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing. p. 239. ISBN 978-1-84583-118-9.
  25. ^ 25.0 25.1 25.2 "How it works – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. 18 May 2019. Archived from the original on 31 May 2022. Retrieved 2 November 2022.
  26. ^ "Jerusalem 1999 – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 21 June 2022. Retrieved 29 June 2022. For the first time since the 1970s participants were free to choose which language they performed in.
  27. ^ 27.0 27.1 27.2 "The Rules of the Contest". European Broadcasting Union. 31 October 2018. Archived from the original on 4 October 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  28. ^ Escudero, Victor M. (18 April 2020). "#EurovisionAgain travels back to Dublin 1997". European Broadcasting Union. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 24 October 2023. The orchestra also saw their days numbered as, from 1997, full backing tracks were allowed without restriction, meaning that the songs could be accompanied by pre-recorded music instead of the live orchestra.
  29. ^ "In a Nutshell – Eurovision Song Contest". European Broadcasting Union. 31 March 2017. Archived from the original on 26 June 2022. Retrieved 8 October 2022.
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External links

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