Eurovision Song Contest 1994

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Eurovision Song Contest 1994
File:ESC 1994 logo.png
Dates
Final30 April 1994
Host
VenuePoint Theatre,
Dublin, Ireland
Presenter(s)Cynthia Ní Mhurchú
Gerry Ryan
Musical directorNoel Kelehan
Directed byPatrick Cowap
Executive supervisorChristian Clausen
Executive producerMoya Doherty
Host broadcasterRadio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ)
Participants
Number of entries25
Debuting countries
Returning countriesNone
Non-returning countries
  • <imagemap> File:ESC 1994 Map 2.svg|299px|alt=A coloured map of the countries of Europe poly 244 323 245 319 252 316 261 316 269 318 267 322 270 325 272 330 266 333 266 338 261 338 261 331 257 334 258 329 252 324 247 323 Belgium in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 289 469 287 465 288 456 288 451 286 447 292 443 295 442 297 443 312 426 310 422 308 420 303 407 296 403 292 401 284 407 283 408 283 404 276 404 276 402 276 398 272 395 275 395 278 390 276 385 282 384 289 378 294 385 294 379 300 380 305 373 308 374 315 371 318 371 322 375 331 376 331 382 330 384 324 389 320 389 320 393 323 397 321 399 322 402 317 402 318 414 329 414 329 409 333 412 336 419 339 426 344 432 354 432 358 432 356 435 368 440 375 444 381 448 380 453 374 449 369 447 367 449 362 456 368 461 368 466 364 472 358 477 355 478 353 486 353 491 351 491 351 494 346 494 343 488 332 484 327 483 327 480 333 478 343 479 353 476 358 473 361 468 358 458 355 456 351 449 340 446 338 439 331 437 332 426 319 426 319 429 312 426 298 442 298 446 301 448 299 454 299 467 293 465 Italy in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 266 318 261 315 253 315 260 307 263 299 267 294 278 291 281 295 281 300 278 302 278 305 277 311 270 311 272 316 272 320 272 325 268 325 268 320 262 315 Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 276 385 274 377 272 377 267 380 268 375 272 371 276 366 277 363 285 363 289 361 293 361 293 363 292 363 292 374 304 374 304 372 306 372 303 377 298 379 294 379 294 384 290 381 287 378 284 381 Switzerland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 282 363 282 358 285 350 288 346 277 343 276 339 275 336 272 331 274 328 271 322 272 315 272 310 275 310 279 306 279 299 282 294 280 289 289 289 295 289 293 275 302 275 302 281 310 281 307 286 310 286 317 283 321 280 328 280 328 283 330 290 332 289 332 294 332 299 336 302 338 313 340 321 334 321 326 324 318 329 320 337 322 341 331 348 332 350 326 356 326 362 314 362 310 365 305 362 Germany in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 225 234 219 246 213 252 221 255 225 273 229 280 233 288 229 294 238 294 241 296 241 304 230 311 236 314 225 320 209 318 199 316 197 320 193 318 182 321 192 311 197 310 203 310 208 305 202 308 189 301 199 295 196 284 207 285 212 277 208 267 200 265 188 272 176 266 181 258 189 258 192 268 199 265 199 260 200 251 197 241 201 232 193 223 196 220 206 221 216 220 229 201 226 217 218 223 211 231 United Kingdom in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 rect 270 404 283 416 Monaco in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 269 341 267 334 271 332 275 336 274 342 Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 69 539 0 539 0 503 69 502 131 469 137 458 135 455 139 448 137 441 143 441 147 425 153 420 150 415 141 415 134 410 136 401 132 397 142 392 155 398 173 403 187 405 198 409 210 417 220 417 220 426 233 426 233 424 239 424 239 429 248 454 226 465 206 465 195 476 190 476 184 484 160 482 152 484 148 488 144 482 141 474 138 471 133 469 69 502 69 538 Spain in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 179 292 174 292 164 295 156 295 156 292 151 292 151 289 155 286 160 282 164 275 158 271 163 262 170 265 171 260 175 254 178 255 179 261 175 265 176 268 180 268 181 268 186 273 184 281 184 288 Ireland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 293 275 291 268 290 266 292 264 289 257 291 248 296 248 300 242 304 242 303 253 306 257 317 261 318 266 318 272 311 277 Denmark in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 369 198 368 189 365 175 367 170 370 165 376 146 380 142 378 136 372 134 368 128 368 122 363 110 360 107 347 102 347 99 350 96 357 100 364 101 370 98 370 90 370 86 375 80 384 85 382 98 384 101 389 103 392 106 391 113 400 125 401 138 405 142 410 146 408 152 413 155 420 157 419 166 415 177 408 191 400 193 392 199 384 204 373 198 Finland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 278 231 274 227 274 219 271 201 273 189 283 180 297 172 304 162 314 150 316 132 325 118 320 113 324 105 336 94 348 84 362 71 372 69 321 11 311 0 322 0 322 11 371 69 381 71 385 72 383 77 385 82 385 86 374 81 371 85 371 94 370 101 363 101 357 101 351 95 349 100 347 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Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 569 535 559 523 556 517 557 512 559 496 564 493 568 506 Israel in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 399 454 403 443 404 436 411 436 411 433 418 432 422 427 431 424 440 426 442 426 450 422 448 416 455 420 452 426 453 430 448 430 439 430 437 432 430 434 430 441 420 440 420 445 424 449 431 455 439 461 443 465 437 466 437 472 438 496 446 497 453 497 465 497 452 501 439 499 439 496 438 470 434 468 428 471 432 477 426 477 431 486 424 485 416 483 417 477 403 469 408 467 Greece in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 rect 338 498 350 509 Malta in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 331 376 321 374 321 371 313 371 307 375 304 375 305 363 314 363 322 362 328 364 324 358 330 352 333 350 338 350 342 346 351 347 356 349 358 352 362 356 355 362 355 370 350 374 336 377 327 374 Austria in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 200 407 206 379 208 372 203 367 199 355 187 348 184 339 196 339 198 343 209 345 209 332 218 337 225 334 235 330 237 321 244 319 252 328 256 331 266 338 275 341 288 346 284 356 281 365 269 377 274 379 277 386 275 393 276 404 270 404 270 416 296 423 298 427 296 436 294 438 291 433 291 427 296 424 270 415 262 415 256 411 248 410 240 415 240 424 233 424 234 414 221 414 221 416 216 417 203 412 France in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 582 375 591 371 596 371 604 374 604 381 605 383 615 383 615 389 618 398 623 405 628 410 625 414 612 416 602 423 593 429 587 437 581 441 574 439 568 447 558 448 561 453 557 459 555 456 557 449 554 448 549 454 540 455 536 464 524 470 515 465 505 464 503 467 503 474 496 476 489 474 473 470 468 463 458 458 461 451 461 444 455 444 455 438 464 433 476 433 477 426 483 421 477 421 464 423 461 430 453 431 454 423 452 418 454 413 460 410 467 414 479 416 497 414 504 402 517 396 530 395 542 395 556 394 563 391 570 387 577 383 Turkey in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 386 427 383 422 378 420 380 413 386 407 386 403 382 400 382 393 380 388 379 379 385 375 391 377 392 379 394 384 401 386 399 391 406 393 409 389 411 390 410 394 411 396 409 403 416 406 417 411 411 411 412 414 415 416 408 418 401 421 398 423 393 418 388 418 387 422 Yugoslavia in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 96 539 97 533 104 524 106 520 116 514 128 512 134 505 144 489 152 499 161 502 170 503 180 506 183 511 181 531 183 536 186 539 96 539 Morocco in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 530 487 524 482 533 473 544 469 543 480 Cyprus in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 148 137 144 133 140 127 132 124 138 123 140 115 132 109 142 109 143 106 136 103 145 94 149 99 152 106 160 108 171 112 175 108 181 118 184 128 176 135 156 137 151 140 Iceland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 379 419 371 415 361 408 356 402 353 397 353 392 356 390 366 390 376 390 382 391 382 397 386 401 383 406 381 408 378 416 Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 369 415 362 411 356 411 349 406 349 404 351 403 346 399 344 393 340 390 337 396 333 392 333 390 342 388 350 384 350 380 353 376 360 377 366 381 369 382 376 380 379 384 381 391 369 391 359 390 359 392 354 392 353 394 355 402 366 410 370 414 Croatia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 332 384 331 376 337 376 347 375 353 371 356 374 350 378 350 382 346 385 347 389 342 387 339 388 335 388 Slovenia in the Eurovision Song Contest poly 395 229 395 223 380 227 380 221 386 214 394 207 403 207 412 207 412 214 415 225 415 228 409 231 400 225 397 229 Estonia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 367 358 359 355 357 352 360 347 365 345 368 339 371 337 383 337 388 336 392 333 395 334 398 336 401 338 399 346 391 346 386 346 385 351 375 354 372 358 Slovakia in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 355 374 356 367 356 362 360 361 360 355 364 359 369 357 373 353 383 351 385 346 397 346 401 346 405 351 401 356 398 368 395 372 391 375 385 377 376 382 370 382 364 379 Hungary in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 416 399 412 395 411 390 407 390 401 390 399 385 396 384 395 381 389 376 395 374 399 360 402 356 408 348 415 348 422 346 423 350 426 346 431 345 436 339 445 345 449 352 455 359 453 367 456 373 463 371 470 368 471 375 466 375 464 381 463 391 455 388 448 389 442 392 438 397 Romania in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 392 273 391 266 383 264 381 265 377 255 383 249 394 249 401 245 406 248 411 249 415 252 417 256 411 264 413 268 409 272 403 275 400 277 396 272 Lithuania in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 340 321 339 316 338 313 335 305 335 300 331 300 333 293 333 287 338 283 343 282 350 276 357 272 359 272 364 277 368 278 371 275 379 275 387 275 392 273 399 274 403 286 404 291 400 296 403 299 407 309 411 317 406 324 403 331 406 337 395 334 385 336 380 338 377 335 372 336 371 332 366 332 363 328 355 330 352 327 349 324 Poland in the Eurovision Song Contest 1994 poly 393 272 385 275 371 275 370 207 386 207 408 199 409 190 414 177 418 165 419 156 410 151 409 146 405 138 402 133 399 125 392 115 391 105 391 101 384 100 384 94 385 87 387 82 393 78 398 81 413 81 428 84 436 86 443 91 445 95 445 101 435 109 422 109 414 111 414 113 419 115 422 121 425 129 427 133 432 134 435 134 438 136 445 136 449 132 442 130 437 126 437 123 454 123 457 123 447 113 454 95 465 98 460 85 455 84 452 76 449 71 453 68 461 71 457 77 461 80 468 84 473 80 469 72 473 61 463 56 459 53 459 51 464 48 468 52 465 55 473 63 476 52 478 45 485 49 490 47 487 43 491 40 495 29 500 33 503 29 501 22 490 19 477 17 469 22 464 20 452 22 449 19 450 12 445 3 445 1 454 1 457 7 464 15 475 15 490 15 500 10 518 5 529 4 527 0 679 1 679 97 677 101 665 94 665 100 658 101 657 111 652 122 645 138 632 155 635 160 645 159 645 162 638 168 647 173 644 180 658 179 662 184 654 192 647 197 642 197 631 203 630 213 628 218 611 217 597 220 590 227 585 239 585 245 591 254 585 256 579 251 579 261 581 270 582 279 590 282 592 285 598 280 610 286 606 292 613 292 610 302 604 302 608 309 606 321 614 321 620 332 635 342 633 354 623 349 614 349 611 346 603 349 596 354 590 352 582 352 576 356 565 356 561 357 549 353 540 351 535 351 528 349 534 345 538 335 533 330 539 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Vote
Voting systemEach country awarded 12, 10, 8-1 point(s) to their 10 favourite songs
Winning song Ireland
"Rock 'n' Roll Kids"
1993 ← Eurovision Song Contest → 1995

The Eurovision Song Contest 1994 was the 39th edition of the Eurovision Song Contest, held on 30 April 1994 at the Point Theatre in Dublin, Ireland. Organised by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and host broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ), and presented by Cynthia Ní Mhurchú and Gerry Ryan, the contest was held in Ireland following the country's victory at the 1993 contest with the song "In Your Eyes" by Niamh Kavanagh. It was the first time that any country had hosted two successive editions of the contest, following the previous year's contest held in Millstreet.

Twenty-five countries participated in the contest, which for the first time featured a relegation system to reduce the number of interested participating countries. Seven new countries participated in the event, with entries from Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia and Slovakia featuring for the first time. However, Belgium, Denmark, Israel, Luxembourg, Slovenia and Turkey were unable to compete due to the new relegation rules as the lowest-scoring countries at the previous event, whereas Italy decided against participating by choice.

For the third time in a row, Ireland won the contest with the song "Rock 'n' Roll Kids", written by Brendan Graham and performed by Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan. Never before had a country won three times in a row in the history of the contest; at the same time, it was also a record sixth win, cementing Ireland as the country with the most wins in Eurovision history up till that point. Poland, Germany, Hungary and Malta rounded out the top five positions, with Poland achieving the most successful result for a début entry in the contest's history.

The 1994 contest also featured the first appearance of Riverdance. Originally a seven-minute performance of traditional Irish and modern music, choral singing and Irish dancing featured as part of the contest's interval act, it was subsequently developed into a full stage show which has since become a worldwide phenomenon and catapulted the careers of its lead dancers Jean Butler and Michael Flatley.

Location

Point Theatre, Dublin – host venue of the 1994 contest (pictured following redevelopment)

The 1994 contest took place in Dublin, Ireland, following the country's victory at the 1993 edition with the song "In Your Eyes", performed by Niamh Kavanagh. It was the fifth time that Ireland had hosted the contest, following the 1971, 1981 and 1988 events also held in Dublin, and the previous year's event held in Millstreet.[1] Ireland thus became the first country to host two successive contests.[2][3]

The selected venue was the Point Theatre, a concert and events venue located among the Dublin Docklands and originally built as a train depot and warehouse to serve the nearby port. Opened as a music venue in 1988, it was closed for redevelopment and expansion in 2008 and is now known as the 3Arena.[3][4] At the time of the contest, the arena could seat around 3,200 audience members.[3]

Participating countries

Further information: List of countries in the Eurovision Song Contest
Eurovision Song Contest 1994 – Participation summaries by country

Twenty-five countries were permitted to participate in the contest. As the number of countries interested in participating in the contest grew, and following the use of a qualifying round in the previous year's event, a relegation system was introduced to the contest for the first time, which would prevent the lowest-scoring countries from the previous year's event from participating in the subsequent contest.[3][5] In the summer of 1993 the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) confirmed that the seven lowest-scoring countries in the 1993 event would be barred from entering the 1994 contest, to make way for seven countries which would participate for the first time.[3] As a result, Belgium, Cyprus, Denmark, Israel, Luxembourg, Slovenia, and Turkey were unable to enter the contest, and in the contest's largest single expansion of new participating countries since the first edition in 1956, Estonia, Hungary, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Russia, and Slovakia made their début appearances.[3][5][6] Estonia, Hungary, Romania and Slovakia had all previously participated in the 1993 qualifying round Kvalifikacija za Millstreet.[7] Belgium thus failed to participate in the contest for the first time, leaving Germany and Switzerland as the only countries to have competed in every edition of the contest so far.[3] Later in 1993 Italy's broadcaster RAI subsequently announced that it would not participate in the event,[why?] leading to Cyprus being readmitted as the relegated country with the best result at the 1993 contest.[3][8]

Four performers who had competed in previous editions of contests featured among the participating artists at this year's event: Marie Bergman, representing Sweden with Roger Pontare, had been a member of the group Family Four that had represented the country in the 1971 and 1972 contests; Cyprus's Evridiki made a second appearance in the contest, following her entry at the 1992 event; Sigga returned to the contest for Iceland for a third time, having previously competed as part of Stjórnin in 1990 and Heart 2 Heart in 1992; and Elisabeth Andreasson, competing in this event with Jan Werner Danielsen for Norway, also participated for the third time, having been a member of the group Chips, which represented Sweden in 1982, and Bobbysocks!, which had represented Norway and were the winners of the 1985 contest.[9] A number of artists which had previously competed in the contest also returned as backing performers: Rhonda Heath, who was a member of the group Silver Convention that had represented Germany in the 1977 contest, performed as a backing singer for the German entry MeKaDo;[10] and Eyjólfur Kristjánsson [is], who represented Iceland at the 1991 contest alongside Stefán Hilmarsson, returned as a backing singer for Sigga.[11] Additionally, having supported Malta's William Mangion as backing performers in the previous year's event, Moira Stafrace and Christopher Scicluna returned to the Eurovision stage as the country's entrants at this year's contest.[12]

Participants of the Eurovision Song Contest 1994[9][13][14]
Country Broadcaster Artist Song Language Songwriter(s) Conductor
 Austria ORF Petra Frey "Für den Frieden der Welt" German
Hermann Weindorf
 Bosnia and Herzegovina RTVBiH Alma and Dejan "Ostani kraj mene" Bosnian
Sinan Alimanović
 Croatia HRT Tony Cetinski "Nek' ti bude ljubav sva" Croatian
  • Željen Klašterka
  • Željko Krznarić
 Miljenko Prohaska
 Cyprus CyBC Evridiki "Ime anthropos ki ego" (Είμαι άνθρωπος κι εγώ) Greek George Theofanous George Theofanous
 Estonia ETV Silvi Vrait "Nagu merelaine" Estonian
Urmas Lattikas
 Finland YLE CatCat "Bye Bye Baby" Finnish
  • Markku "Make" Lentonen
  • Kari Salli
 Olli Ahvenlahti
 France France Télévision Nina Morato "Je suis un vrai garçon" French
Alain Goraguer
 Germany MDR[a] Mekado "Wir geben 'ne Party" German
Norbert Daum
 Greece ERT Kostas Bigalis and the Sea Lovers "To trehandiri (Diri Diri)" (Το τρεχαντήρι (Ντίρι Ντίρι)) Greek Kostas Bigalis Noel Kelehan
 Hungary MTV Friderika "Kinek mondjam el vétkeimet?" Hungarian Szilveszter Jenei Péter Wolf
 Iceland RÚV Sigga "Nætur" Icelandic
Frank McNamara
 Ireland RTÉ Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan "Rock 'n' Roll Kids" English Brendan Graham No conductor
 Lithuania LRT Ovidijus Vyšniauskas "Lopšinė mylimai" Lithuanian
Tomas Leiburas
 Malta PBS Moira Stafrace and Christopher Scicluna "More than Love" English
Anthony Chircop
 Netherlands NOS Willeke Alberti "Waar is de zon" Dutch
  • Coot van Doesburgh
  • Edwin Schimscheimer
 Harry van Hoof
 Norway NRK Elisabeth Andreasson and Jan Werner Danielsen "Duett" Norwegian
Pete Knutsen
 Poland TVP Edyta Górniak "To nie ja!" Polish
  • Jacek Cygan
  • Stanisław Syrewicz
 Noel Kelehan
 Portugal RTP Sara "Chamar a música" Portuguese
Thilo Krasmann
 Romania TVR Dan Bittman "Dincolo de nori" Romanian
Noel Kelehan
 Russia RTR Youddiph "Vechny strannik"[b] (Вечный странник) Russian
Lev Zemlinski
 Slovakia STV Martin Ďurinda and Tublatanka "Nekonečná pieseň" Slovak
Vladimír Valovič
 Spain TVE Alejandro Abad "Ella no es ella" Spanish Alejandro Abad Josep Llobell
 Sweden SVT Marie Bergman and Roger Pontare "Stjärnorna" Swedish
  • Peter Bertilsson
  • Mikael Littwold
 Anders Berglund
  Switzerland SRG SSR Duilio "Sto pregando" Italian Giuseppe Scaramella Valeriano Chiaravalle
 United Kingdom BBC Frances Ruffelle "We Will Be Free (Lonely Symphony)" English
  • George De Angelis
  • Mark Dean
 Michael Reed

Production and format

The Eurovision Song Contest 1994 was produced by the Irish public broadcaster Radio Telefís Éireann (RTÉ). Moya Doherty served as executive producer, Patrick Cowap served as director, Paula Farrell served as designer, and Noel Kelehan served as musical director, leading the RTÉ Concert Orchestra.[6][16][17] A separate musical director could be nominated by each country to lead the orchestra during their performance, with the host musical director also available to conduct for those countries which did not nominate their own conductor.[9]

Each participating broadcaster submitted one song, which was required to be no longer than three minutes in duration and performed in the language, or one of the languages, of the country which it represented.[18][19] A maximum of six performers were allowed on stage during each country's performance, and all participants were required to have reached the age of 16 in the year of the contest.[18][20] Each entry could utilise all or part of the live orchestra and could use instrumental-only backing tracks; however, any backing tracks used could only include the sound of instruments featured on stage being mimed by the performers.[20][21]

Following the confirmation of the twenty-five competing countries, the draw to determine the running order was held on 16 November 1993 at the Point Theatre and was conducted by Niamh Kavanagh and Fionnuala Sweeney.[3][22][23]

The results of the 1994 contest were determined through the same scoring system as had first been introduced in 1975: each country awarded twelve points to its favourite entry, followed by ten points to its second favourite, and then awarded points in decreasing value from eight to one for the remaining songs which featured in the country's top ten, with countries unable to vote for their own entry.[24] The points awarded by each country were determined by an assembled jury of sixteen individuals, which was required to be split evenly between members of the public and music professionals, between men and women, and by age. Each jury member voted in secret and awarded between one and ten votes to each participating song, excluding that from their own country and with no abstentions permitted. The votes of each member were collected following the country's performance and then tallied by the non-voting jury chairperson to determine the points to be awarded. In any cases where two or more songs in the top ten received the same number of votes, a show of hands by all jury members was used to determine the final placing.[25][26]

With the Point Theatre situated on the banks of the River Liffey, rivers were an integral part of the overall creative vision for the show and were a key theme of the opening and interval acts as well as the stage design.[27] Paula Farrell's design, which was four times the size of the stage constructed for the Millstreet contest, provided a scene of a futuristic Dublin at night, featuring representations of skyscrapers which incorporated video screens and lighting effects and underfloor lighting representing the Liffey and Dublin Bay. On either side of the stage podium-lined platforms were used by the presenters in-between songs and during the voting segment.[8][28][29][30]

Rehearsals at the contest venue began on 25 April 1994. Each participating delegation took part in two technical rehearsals in the week approaching the contest, with countries rehearsing in the order in which they would perform. In each country's first rehearsal, held on 25 and 26 April, the delegations were provided with a 15-minute stage-call to prepare the stage and to brief the orchestra, followed by a 25-minute rehearsal. This was then followed by an opportunity to review footage of the rehearsal on video screens and to conduct a 20-minute press conference. The second rehearsals on 27 and 28 April consisted of a 10-minute stage-call and a 20 minute rehearsal. Three dress rehearsals were held with all artists, two in the afternoon and evening of 29 April and one final rehearsal in the afternoon of 30 April, with an audience present at the evening rehearsal on 29 April. The competing delegations were additionally invited to a welcome reception during the week of the event, held on the evening of 25 April in the Dining Hall of Trinity College Dublin.[3]

During the final dress rehearsal on 30 April, the Polish entrant Edyta Górniak performed the second half of her song "To nie ja!" in English. As this rehearsal was also heard by the juries this constituted a break of the contest rules. Although discussions were held on whether to sanction or disqualify the country, Poland was ultimately allowed to compete.[6][8][9]

Contest overview

Edyta Górniak (pictured in 2009), the first artist to represent Poland in Eurovision, finished in second place, Poland's highest position to date.

The contest took place on 30 April 1994 at 20:00 (IST) and lasted 3 hours and 3 minutes. The show was presented by the Irish journalist and television presenter Cynthia Ní Mhurchú and the Irish radio and television presenter Gerry Ryan.[6][9] Ní Mhurchú and Ryan had been considered as hosts for the 1993 event before the eventual choice of Fionnuala Sweeney.[31]

The contest was opened with a segment by the Galway-based arts and theatre company Macnas, featuring a mixture of pre-recorded and live footage of a replica Viking longship on the river Liffey, and dancers, flag-bearers and performers in caricature masks of notable Irish personalities in various locations in central Dublin and in the Point Theatre.[3][32][33][34] The interval act, "Riverdance", was a seven-minute composition by the Irish composer Bill Whelan, and took inspiration from "Timedance", the interval act from the 1981 contest also held in Dublin.[35] "Riverdance" featured a mix of traditional Irish and modern music by the RTÉ Concert Orchestra, choral singing from the Celtic ensemble Anúna, and Irish dancing led by the Irish-American dancers Jean Butler and Michael Flatley.[36][37] The trophy awarded to the winners, entitled "Wavelength", was designed by the Irish sculptor Grace Weir of the Temple Bar Gallery, and was presented by the previous year's winning artist Niamh Kavanagh.[32][38][39]

The winner was Ireland represented by the song "Rock 'n' Roll Kids", written by Brendan Graham and performed by Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan. This marked Ireland's sixth contest win – a new contest record – and also gave the country its third win in a row – the first time a country had won three successive contests.[5][40][25] "Rock 'n' Roll Kids" became the highest scoring winner in Eurovision history to date with 226 points, and was the first song to receive over 200 points. It was also the first time that a song had won without using the orchestra. Harrington and McGettigan additionally became the oldest winning performers and the first winning male duo.[5][8][25] First-time participating countries Poland, Hungary and Russia all finished in the top ten, placing second, fourth and ninth respectively, while conversely the four other débuting countries all placed within the bottom seven entries, with Lithuania scoring nul points with its first ever entry.[41][42] Poland achieved the most successful début performance of any country in the contest's history at the time, and its second-place finish in this event remains as of 2024 the country's best ever Eurovision placing.[2][43]

Results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1994[25][41]
R/O Country Artist Song Points Place
1  Sweden Marie Bergman and Roger Pontare "Stjärnorna" 48 13
2  Finland CatCat "Bye Bye Baby" 11 22
3  Ireland Paul Harrington and Charlie McGettigan "Rock 'n' Roll Kids" 226 1
4  Cyprus Evridiki "Ime anthropos ki ego" 51 11
5  Iceland Sigga "Nætur" 49 12
6  United Kingdom Frances Ruffelle "We Will Be Free (Lonely Symphony)" 63 10
7  Croatia Tony Cetinski "Nek' ti bude ljubav sva" 27 16
8  Portugal Sara "Chamar a música" 73 8
9   Switzerland Duilio "Sto pregando" 15 19
10  Estonia Silvi Vrait "Nagu merelaine" 2 24
11  Romania Dan Bittman "Dincolo de nori" 14 21
12  Malta Moira Stafrace and Christopher Scicluna "More than Love" 97 5
13  Netherlands Willeke Alberti "Waar is de zon" 4 23
14  Germany Mekado "Wir geben 'ne Party" 128 3
15  Slovakia Martin Ďurinda and Tublatanka "Nekonečná pieseň" 15 19
16  Lithuania Ovidijus Vyšniauskas "Lopšinė mylimai" 0 25
17  Norway Elisabeth Andreasson and Jan Werner Danielsen "Duett" 76 6
18  Bosnia and Herzegovina Alma and Dejan "Ostani kraj mene" 39 15
19  Greece Kostas Bigalis and the Sea Lovers "To trehandiri (Diri Diri)" 44 14
20  Austria Petra Frey "Für den Frieden der Welt" 19 17
21  Spain Alejandro Abad "Ella no es ella" 17 18
22  Hungary Friderika "Kinek mondjam el vétkeimet?" 122 4
23  Russia Youddiph "Vechny strannik"[b] 70 9
24  Poland Edyta Górniak "To nie ja!" 166 2
25  France Nina Morato "Je suis un vrai garçon" 74 7

Spokespersons

Each country nominated a spokesperson who was responsible for announcing, in English or French, the votes for their respective country.[18] For the first time, the spokespersons were connected to the venue via satellite rather than through telephone lines, allowing them to appear in vision during the broadcast.[2][6][25] Spokespersons at the 1994 contest are listed below.[32]

  1.  Sweden – Marianne Anderberg [sv][44]
  2.  Finland – Solveig Herlin
  3.  Ireland – Eileen Dunne[45]
  4.  Cyprus – Anna Partelidou
  5.  Iceland – Sigríður Arnardóttir
  6.  United Kingdom – Colin Berry[25]
  7.  Croatia – Helga Vlahović[46]
  8.  Portugal – Isabel Bahia
  9.   Switzerland – Sandra Studer
  10.  Estonia – Urve Tiidus[47]
  11.  Romania – Cristina Țopescu [ro]
  12.  Malta – John Demanuele[48]
  13.  Netherlands – Joop van Os
  14.  Germany – Carmen Nebel
  15.  Slovakia – Juraj Čurný
  16.  Lithuania – Gitana Lapinskaitė[49]
  17.  Norway – Sverre Christophersen [no]
  18.  Bosnia and Herzegovina – Diana Grković-Foretić
  19.  Greece – Fotini Giannoulatou
  20.  Austria – Tilia Herold [de]
  21.  Spain – María Ángeles Balañac
  22.  Hungary – Iván Bradányi [hu]
  23.  Russia – Irina Klenskaya
  24.  Poland – Jan Chojnacki
  25.  France – Laurent Romejko

Detailed voting results

Jury voting was used to determine the points awarded by all countries.[25] The announcement of the results from each country was conducted in the order in which they performed, with the spokespersons announcing their country's points in English or French in ascending order.[32][25] The detailed breakdown of the points awarded by each country is listed in the tables below.

Detailed voting results of the Eurovision Song Contest 1994[25][50][51]
Total score
Sweden
Finland
Ireland
Cyprus
Iceland
United Kingdom
Croatia
Portugal
Switzerland
Estonia
Romania
Malta
Netherlands
Germany
Slovakia
Lithuania
Norway
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Greece
Austria
Spain
Hungary
Russia
Poland
France
Contestants
 Sweden 48 2 7 2 3 6 5 5 10 5 1 2
Finland 11 1 10
Ireland 226 10 7 8 12 10 12 12 12 10 8 5 12 12 6 10 12 10 10 10 10 12 8 8
Cyprus 51 10 3 5 2 5 12 4 2 5 3
Iceland 49 8 1 6 6 3 3 1 3 3 6 1 4 4
United Kingdom 63 1 5 6 8 8 5 2 4 3 2 4 1 3 3 5 3
Croatia 27 10 12 5
Portugal 73 5 5 8 8 8 5 1 3 12 7 4 1 6
Switzerland 15 8 2 5
Estonia 2 2
Romania 14 6 2 6
Malta 97 4 6 10 2 1 7 4 6 7 10 1 3 10 7 12 7
Netherlands 4 4
Germany 128 6 3 5 6 7 7 10 10 3 12 4 7 4 1 7 2 8 12 7 7
Slovakia 15 12 3
Lithuania 0
Norway 76 7 3 10 1 4 3 1 8 4 7 2 1 6 1 5 5 8
Bosnia and Herzegovina 39 2 4 7 8 7 1 10
Greece 44 2 4 12 6 4 1 5 4 4 2
Austria 19 1 7 3 2 1 5
Spain 17 5 2 8 2
Hungary 122 12 12 12 10 2 5 1 4 4 2 10 7 8 3 8 3 12 7
Russia 70 4 3 4 5 1 2 1 3 5 6 6 3 4 6 6 10 1
Poland 166 8 7 1 6 12 8 7 10 12 7 2 8 10 4 12 6 8 12 8 6 12
France 74 3 2 4 5 6 6 8 8 7 2 7 10 6

12 points

The below table summarises how the maximum 12 points were awarded from one country to another. The winning country is shown in bold. Ireland received the maximum score of 12 points from eight of the voting countries, with Poland receiving five sets of 12 points, Hungary receiving four sets, Germany two sets, and Croatia, Cyprus, Malta, Portugal and Slovakia each receiving one maximum score.[50][51]

Distribution of 12 points awarded at the Eurovision Song Contest 1994[50][51]
N. Contestant Nation(s) giving 12 points
8  Ireland  Croatia,  Germany,  Iceland,  Netherlands,  Norway,  Portugal,  Russia,   Switzerland
5  Poland  Austria,  Estonia,  France,  Lithuania,  United Kingdom
4  Hungary  Ireland,  Finland,  Poland,  Sweden
2  Germany  Hungary,  Romania
1  Croatia  Slovakia
 Cyprus  Greece
 Greece  Cyprus
 Malta  Bosnia and Herzegovina
 Portugal  Spain
 Slovakia  Malta

Broadcasts

Each participating broadcaster was required to relay the contest via its networks. Non-participating EBU member broadcasters were also able to relay the contest as "passive participants". Broadcasters were able to send commentators to provide coverage of the contest in their own native language and to relay information about the artists and songs to their television viewers.[20] Known details on the broadcasts in each country, including the specific broadcasting stations and commentators are shown in the tables below.

Broadcasters and commentators in participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref.
 Austria ORF ORF 1 Ernst Grissemann [52][53]
 Croatia HRT HRT 1 Aleksandar Kostadinov [54][55]
 Cyprus CyBC RIK 2, Trito Programma [56][57]
 Estonia ETV Vello Rand [58][59]
STV STV1 [58]
 Finland YLE TV1 Erkki Pohjanheimo and Kirsi-Maria Niemi [60]
Riksradion
 France France Télévision France 2 Patrice Laffont [61]
 Germany ARD Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen Jan Hofer [52]
 Hungary MTV MTV2 István Vágó [62]
 Iceland RÚV Sjónvarpið, Rás 2 Jakob Frímann Magnússon [63]
 Ireland RTÉ RTÉ 1 Pat Kenny [64][65]
RTÉ Radio 1 Larry Gogan
 Lithuania LRT LTV [66]
 Malta PBS TVM [67]
 Netherlands NOS Nederland 3 Willem van Beusekom [68]
 Norway NRK NRK Fjernsynet, NRK P1 Jostein Pedersen [69][70]
 Poland TVP TVP1 Artur Orzech [71][72]
 Portugal RTP RTP Canal 1 Eládio Clímaco [73][74]
 Romania TVR TVR1 Gabriela Cristea [75][76]
 Russia RTR RTR Sergey Antipov [ru] [77][78]
 Slovakia STV STV2 [sk] [79]
 Spain TVE La Primera José Luis Uribarri [80][81]
 Sweden SVT Kanal 1 Pekka Heino [69]
SR SR P3, SR P4 Claes-Johan Larsson and Lisa Syrén [44]
  Switzerland SRG SSR SF DRS Bernard Thurnheer [de] [52]
TSR Chaîne nationale Jean-Marc Richard
TSI Canale nazionale
 United Kingdom BBC BBC1, BBC WSTV Terry Wogan [69][82]
BBC Radio 2 Ken Bruce [83]
Broadcasters and commentators in non-participating countries
Country Broadcaster Channel(s) Commentator(s) Ref.
 Australia SBS SBS TV[c] [84]
 Belgium BRTN TV2 André Vermeulen [85]
RTBF RTBF1 Jean-Pierre Hautier [85][86]
 Denmark DR DR TV Jørgen de Mylius [87]
KNR KNR [88]
SVF [89]
 Israel IBA Channel 1 [90]
 Jordan JRTV JTV2[d] [91]
 Slovenia RTVSLO SLO 1 [sl] Damjana Golavšek [sl] [92]
Val 202 [93]
 Turkey TRT TRT 1 [94]
Yugoslavia RTS RTS 3K [sr] [95]

Legacy

Michael Flatley featured as part of the contest's interval act "Riverdance", which was subsequently developed into a worldwide hit stage show.

Although the winning song had modest success, peaking in the Irish Singles Chart at number 2 and also entering the Dutch and Flemish charts following the contest,[96][97] it was largely overshadowed by the contest's interval act. The music to "Riverdance" was subsequently released as a single shortly after the contest and shot straight to number 1 on the Irish charts where it remained for 18 weeks.[98][99] As of 2023 "Riverdance" remains the second best selling single in Ireland ever, behind Elton John's "Something About the Way You Look Tonight"/"Candle in the Wind 1997".[99][100] An invite was subsequently given to feature the original seven-minute performance at the Royal Variety Performance in November 1994 at the Dominion Theatre in London in the presence of Prince Charles.[101] At the same time preparations were underway to develop the seven-minute performance into a stage show, preparations led by Moya Doherty, who had been the executive producer of Eurovision 1994, and her husband John McColgan.[102][103] Opening in February 1995 at the Point Theatre and featuring original lead dancers Michael Flatley and Jean Butler, the full length show ran for an initial run of five weeks, with tickets selling out within three days of going on sale, followed by another sold-out run at the Hammersmith Apollo in London and in March 1996 its first performance in the United States, at the Radio City Music Hall in New York City.[99][104][105] It is estimated that Riverdance has now been seen live by over 27.5 million people at performances worldwide, and that over 10 million home videos of Riverdance performances have been sold.[102]

The relegation system introduced to the contest in this edition continued to be used in various forms for the next ten years and allowed even more new countries to join the event, with Macedonia, Latvia and Ukraine competing for the first time in 1998, 2000 and 2003 respectively.[106][107][108] However, as the contest continued to develop, and as even more countries began to express an interest in competing, the relegation system proved unable to meet the needs required to allow for an equitable solution for all countries. Ultimately this led to the introduction of a semi-final to the contest format in 2004, allowing all interested countries to participate once again, which was eventually expanded to two semi-finals from 2008.[5][109][110]

Notes and references

Notes

  1. ^ On behalf of the German public broadcasting consortium ARD[15]
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 On-screen captions used the English title "Eternal Wanderer"
  3. ^ Deferred broadcast on 1 May at 20:30 (AEST)[84]
  4. ^ Delayed broadcast on 23 May 1994 at 22:20 (EEST)[91]

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Bibliography

  • Knox, David Blake (2015). Ireland and the Eurovision: The Winners, the Losers and the Turkey. Stillorgan, Dublin, Ireland: New Island Books. ISBN 978-1-84840-429-8.
  • O'Connor, John Kennedy (2010). The Eurovision Song Contest: The Official History (2nd ed.). London, United Kingdom: Carlton Books. ISBN 978-1-84732-521-1.
  • Roxburgh, Gordon (2020). Songs for Europe: The United Kingdom at the Eurovision Song Contest. Vol. Four: The 1990s. Prestatyn, United Kingdom: Telos Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84583-163-9.
  • Thorsson, Leif; Verhage, Martin (2006). Melodifestivalen genom tiderna : de svenska uttagningarna och internationella finalerna [Melodifestivalen through the ages: the Swedish selections and international finals] (in svenska). Stockholm, Sweden: Premium Publishing. ISBN 91-89136-29-2.

External links

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